Reformed Confessions & Catechisms

Westminster Shorter Catechism

The complete text of the Westminster Shorter Catechism, in 107 sections. Each passage is tagged with the doctrinal topics it addresses.

About this document

The Shorter Catechism was written by the Westminster Assembly for instructing those of weaker capacity, especially children. Its 107 questions and answers distill the teaching of the Westminster Confession into a memorable form.

It is best known for its opening question, which asks after our chief end and answers that it is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.

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Question 1

Q. What is the chief end of man?

A. Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 86:9; Isa. 60:21; Rom. 11:36; 1 Cor. 6:20; 1 Cor. 10:31; Rev. 4:11.

    Ps. 86:9 All the nations whom You have made shall come and bow down before Your face, O Lord, and they will glorify Your name.

    Isa. 60:21 And your people, all of them, [will be] righteous; they will inherit the land forever, the branch of My planting, the work of My hands, to [My] being glorified.

    Rom. 11:36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

    1 Cor. 6:20 for you⁺ were bought with a price. Therefore glorify God in your⁺ body.

    1 Cor. 10:31 Therefore whether you⁺ eat or drink or whatever you⁺ do, do all things to the glory of God.

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

  • Ps. 16:5–11; Ps. 144:15; Isa. 12:2; Luke 2:10; Phil. 4:4; Rev. 21:3–4.

    Ps. 16:5–11 5 YHWH, [is] the portion of my share, and my cup; You [are] the One upholding my lot. 6 The lines have fallen to me in the pleasant [places]; indeed, a pleasing inheritance [is] unto me. 7 I will bless YHWH, who counsels me; even [in] the nights, my kidneys instruct me. 8 I have set YHWH before me continually; because [He is] at my right hand, I will not be shaken. 9 Therefore my heart is glad and my glory rejoices; my flesh also will dwell securely. 10 For You will not abandon my soul to Sheol, and You will not give Your Holy one to see corruption. 11 You make known to me the path of life; fullness of joys [is] with Your face, pleasant [things] [are] at Your right hand forever.

    Ps. 144:15 Blessed [are] the people for whom [is] thus; blessed [are] the people for whom YHWH [is] God!

    Isa. 12:2 Behold, God [is] my salvation; I will trust and not be afraid, for my strength and song [is] YAH—YHWH, and He has become for me salvation.”

    Luke 2:10 And the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring good news to you⁺ [of] great joy that will be to all the people.

    Phil. 4:4 Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice!

    Rev. 21:3–4 3 And I heard a loud voice from the throne, saying: “Behold, the tabernacle of God [is] with men, and He will tabernacle with them, and they will be His peoples, and God Himself will be with them [as] their God. 4 ‘And He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and death will be no more, nor mourning nor crying nor pain; they will be no more, because the first things passed away.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 113 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1902 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 152 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 11 shared proof text · 3 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head, Article 18: The Proper Attitude toward Election and Reprobation1 shared proof text · 2 shared topics

Question 2

Q. What rule hath God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him?

A. The Word of God, which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 19:4–5 (with Gen. 2:24); Luke 24:27, 44; 1 Cor. 2:13; 1 Cor. 14:37; 2 Peter 1:20–21; 2 Peter 3:2, 15–16.

    Matt. 19:4–5 4 And answering, He said, “Did you⁺ not read that the One having created from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ 5 and He said, ‘On account of this a man will leave the father and the mother and be joined with his wife, and the two will be for one flesh’?

    Gen. 2:24 Upon thus a man shall leave his father and his mother and shall cleave to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.

    Luke 24:27, 44 27 And having begun from Moses and from all the Prophets, He interpreted to them the things concerning Himself in all the Scriptures. 44 And He said to them, “These [are] My words, which I spoke to you⁺ being still with you⁺, that it is necessary to be fulfilled all things having been written concerning Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms.”

    1 Cor. 2:13 which also we speak, not in words taught of human wisdom, but in [those] taught of the Spirit, expressing spiritual things by spiritual [means].

    1 Cor. 14:37 If anyone thinks to be a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things I write to you⁺ are commands of the Lord.

    2 Peter 1:20–21 20 knowing this first, that every prophecy of Scripture is not of its own interpretation. 21 For not by the will of man was prophecy brought forth at any time, but being carried by the Holy Spirit, men spoke from God.

    2 Peter 3:2, 15–16 2 to remember the words having been spoken beforehand by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of the Lord and Savior by your⁺ apostles, 15 And esteem the patience of our Lord [as] salvation, just as also our beloved brother Paul according to the wisdom having been given to him, wrote to you⁺, 16 as also in all the letters, speaking in them concerning these things, in which some things are difficult to be understood, which the unlearned and unstable distort, as also the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction.

  • Deut. 4:2; Ps. 19:7–11; Isa. 8:20; John 15:11; John 20:30–31; Acts 17:11; 2 Tim. 3:15–17; 1 John 1:4.

    Deut. 4:2 You⁺ shall not add to the word that I command you⁺, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of YHWH your⁺ God that I command you⁺.

    Ps. 19:7–11 7 The law of YHWH [is] perfect, refreshing the soul; the testimony of YHWH [is] sure, making wise the simple. 8 The statutes of YHWH [are] straight, making glad the heart; the commandment of YHWH [is] pure, bringing light to the eyes. 9 The fear of YHWH is pure, standing forever; the judgments of YHWH [are] true, being righteous altogether, 10 being desired above gold, and much above pure gold, and sweeter than honey and flowing honey from the honeycomb. 11 Indeed, Your servant is warned by them; in keeping them [is] great reward.

    Isa. 8:20 to the law and to the testimony?" If they do not speak this according to the word, [it is] because there is not in them dawn.

    John 15:11 These things I have spoken to you⁺ so that My joy may be in you⁺ and your⁺ joy may be full.

    John 20:30–31 30 Therefore indeed Jesus also did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book. 31 But these have been written so that you⁺ may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, believing, you⁺ may have life in His name.

    Acts 17:11 Now these, who were more noble than those in Thessalonica, received the word with all readiness, every day examining the Scriptures, if these things were so.

    2 Tim. 3:15–17 15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness, 17 so that the man of God may be complete, having been completely equipped toward every good work.

    1 John 1:4 And these things we write so that our joy may be full.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture18 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 312 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture10 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 46 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1135 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1555 shared proof texts

Question 3

Q. What do the Scriptures principally teach?

A. The Scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 1:1; John 5:39; John 20:31; Rom. 10:17; 2 Tim. 3:15.

    Gen. 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

    John 5:39 You⁺ search the Scriptures because you⁺ think to have eternal life in them, and these are they testifying concerning Me;

    John 20:31 But these have been written so that you⁺ may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, believing, you⁺ may have life in His name.

    Rom. 10:17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    2 Tim. 3:15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

  • Deut. 10:12–13; Josh. 1:8; Ps. 119:105; Mic. 6:8; 2 Tim. 3:16–17.

    Deut. 10:12–13 12 And now, O Israel, what does YHWH your God require of you except but to fear YHWH your God, to walk in all His ways, and to love Him, and to serve YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 [and] to keep the commandments of YHWH, and His statutes that I command you today for good to you?

    Josh. 1:8 The Book of this Law shall not depart from your mouth, and you shall meditate in it day and night, so that you will be careful to do according to all written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous and then you will succeed.

    Ps. 119:105 Your word [is] a lamp to my feet, and a light to my path.

    Mic. 6:8 He has shown to you, O man, what [is] good. And what does YHWH seek from you, but to do justice and to love kindness, and to be humble to walk with your God?

    2 Tim. 3:16–17 16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness, 17 so that the man of God may be complete, having been completely equipped toward every good work.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 57 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture6 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1034 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1554 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture Being the True Word of God3 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 4

Q. What is God?

A. God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being, wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness, and truth.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 4:15–19; Luke 24:39; John 1:18; John 4:24; Acts 17:29.

    Deut. 4:15–19 15 And guard greatly your⁺ souls, for you⁺ did not see any form when YHWH spoke to you⁺ at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, 16 lest you⁺ act corruptly and make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female— 17 the likeness of any animal that [is] on the earth, or the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the air, 18 the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, or the likeness of any fish that [is] in the water beneath the earth. 19 And lest you lift up your eyes to the heavens and you see the sun and the moon and the stars—all the host of the heavens—and you feel driven to worship them and serve them, which YHWH your God has given as a heritage to all the peoples under the whole heavens.

    Luke 24:39 See My hands and My feet, that I am He. Touch Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you⁺ see Me having.”

    John 1:18 No one has ever yet seen God. The only begotten God, the One being in the bosom of the Father, He has made [Him] known.

    John 4:24 God [is] Spirit, and it is necessary for those worshiping Him to worship in spirit and truth.”

    Acts 17:29 Therefore, being offspring of God, we ought not to consider the Divine Being to be like gold or silver or stone, a graven thing of man’s craft and imagination.

  • 1 Kings 8:27; Ps. 139:7–10; Ps. 145:3; Ps. 147:5; Jer. 23:24; Rom. 11:33–36.

    1 Kings 8:27 But will indeed God dwell on the earth? Behold, the heavens and the heavens of the heavens cannot contain You. How much less this house that I have built?

    Ps. 139:7–10 7 Where can I go from Your Spirit? Or where can I flee from Your face? 8 If I ascend [to] the heavens, there You [are]; and if I make my bed [in] Sheol, behold, You! 9 [If] I lift up the wings of the morning, if I settle in the furthest part of the sea, 10 even there Your hand will guide me, and Your right hand will hold me fast.

    Ps. 145:3 Great [is] YHWH and to be praised greatly, and of His greatness there is no searching out.

    Ps. 147:5 Great [is] our Lord, and abundant in power; of His understanding there is no numbering!

    Jer. 23:24 “Can a man hide himself in the hidden places, and I shall not see him?” A declaration of YHWH. “Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?” A declaration of YHWH.

    Rom. 11:33–36 33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways! 34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?” 35 Or “who first gave to Him, and it will be given back to him?” 36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

  • Deut. 33:27; Ps. 90:2; Ps. 102:12, 24–27; Rev. 1:4, 8.

    Deut. 33:27 A habitation [is] the eternal God and underneath [are] the arms everlasting. And He will thrust out from before you the enemy and will say, ‘Destroy.’

    Ps. 90:2 In the [time] before the mountains were brought forth, or You formed the earth and the world, and from forever even to forever, You [are] God.

    Ps. 102:12, 24–27 12 But You, O YHWH, dwell forever, and Your memorial to generation and generation. 24 I said, “O my God, do not take me up in the midst of my days; Your years [are] generation [to] generations. 25 Before time You founded the earth, and the heavens [are] the work of Your hands. 26 They will perish, but You will stand; and all of them will wear out like a garment—like clothing, You will pass them on, and they will pass away. 27 And You are the same, and Your years will not end.

    Rev. 1:4, 8 4 John, To the seven churches in Asia: Grace to you⁺ and peace from the One who is and who was and who is coming, and from the seven Spirits before His throne, 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, the One who is and who was and who is coming, the Almighty.

  • Ps. 33:11; Mal. 3:6; Heb. 1:12; Heb. 6:17–18; Heb. 13:8; James 1:17.

    Ps. 33:11 The counsel of YHWH stands forever, the plans of His heart from generation and [to] generation.

    Mal. 3:6 “For I, YHWH, do not change; and you⁺, sons of Jacob, have not been consumed.

    Heb. 1:12 and like a robe You will roll them up, and like a garment they will be changed; but You are the same, and Your years will not come to an end.”

    Heb. 6:17–18 17 in which God, willing to show more abundantly the unchangeableness of His purpose to the heirs of the promise, guaranteed [it] by an oath, 18 so that by two unchangeable things, in which [it is] impossible [for] God to lie, we may have strong encouragement, having fled for refuge to take hold of the hope being set before [us],

    Heb. 13:8 Jesus Christ [is] the same yesterday and today and to the ages.

    James 1:17 Every good act of giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning.

  • Ex. 3:14; Ps. 115:2–3; 1 Tim. 1:17; 1 Tim. 6:15–16.

    Ex. 3:14 And God said to Moses, “Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh.” And He said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, ‘Ehyeh has sent me to you⁺.’”

    Ps. 115:2–3 2 Why should the nations say, “Where now [is] their God?” 3 And our God [is] in the heavens; all that he has pleased, He has done.

    1 Tim. 1:17 Now to the King of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory to the ages of the ages! Amen.

    1 Tim. 6:15–16 15 which He will show in [His] own times, the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of those being kings and the Lord of those being lords, 16 the One alone having immortality, dwelling in unapproachable light, whom no one of men has seen nor is able to see, to whom [be] honor and eternal dominion! Amen.

  • Ps. 104:24; Rom. 11:33–34; Heb. 4:13; 1 John 3:20.

    Ps. 104:24 How many are Your works, O YHWH! All of them You have made in wisdom; the earth is full of Your creatures.

    Rom. 11:33–34 33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways! 34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?”

    Heb. 4:13 And there is no created thing hidden before Him, but all things [are] bare and exposed to the eyes of Him to whom [is] our account.

    1 John 3:20 that if our heart may condemn [us], that God is greater than our heart, and He knows all things.

  • Gen. 17:1; Ps. 62:11; Jer. 32:17; Matt. 19:26; Rev. 1:8.

    Gen. 17:1 And Abram was a son of ninety years and nine years, and YHWH appeared to Abram and said to him, “I [am] El-Shaddai; walk before Me and be blameless.

    Ps. 62:11 Once God has spoken; twice I have heard this, that strength [is] unto God,

    Jer. 32:17 “Ah Lord YHWH! Behold, You have made the heavens and the earth by Your great power and by Your outstretched arm! There is not anything [too] difficult for You—

    Matt. 19:26 And having looked on [them], Jesus said to them, “With men this is impossible, but with God all things [are] possible.”

    Rev. 1:8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, the One who is and who was and who is coming, the Almighty.

  • Hab. 1:13; 1 Peter 1:15–16; 1 John 3:3, 5; Rev. 15:4.

    Hab. 1:13 Purer of eyes than to behold evil, and You are not able to look on wickedness. Why do You look on those acting treacherously, [and] remain quiet when the wicked is devouring one more righteous than he?

    1 Peter 1:15–16 15 But according as the One having called you⁺ [is] holy, be holy yourselves also in all [your] conduct, 16 because it has been written: “You⁺ shall be holy, because I am holy.”

    1 John 3:3, 5 3 And everyone having this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure. 5 And you⁺ know that He appeared so that He should take away sins; and in Him there is no sin.

    Rev. 15:4 Who should not fear [You], O Lord, and will glorify Your name? For [You] alone [are] holy. For all the nations will come and will worship before You, because Your righteous acts were revealed.”

  • Gen. 18:25; Ex. 34:6–7; Deut. 32:4; Ps. 96:13; Rom. 3:5, 26.

    Gen. 18:25 Far be it from You to do such a thing as this, to slay the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be as the wicked. Far be it from You! Shall the Judge of all the earth not do justice?”

    Ex. 34:6–7 6 And YHWH passed before his face and proclaimed, “YHWH, YHWH God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in loving devotion and truth, 7 keeping loving devotion to the thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and he will surely not acquit [the guilty], visiting iniquity of fathers upon sons and upon sons of sons, upon a third and upon a fourth.”

    Deut. 32:4 The Rock—perfect His work [is], for all His ways [are] just; a God of truth and without injustice, righteous and upright [is] He.

    Ps. 96:13 before YHWH, for He is coming—for He is coming to judge the earth! He will judge the world in righteousness and the peoples in His faithfulness.

    Rom. 3:5, 26 5 But if our unrighteousness proves God’s righteousness, what will we say? God, inflicting the wrath, [is] unrighteous? I speak according to man. 26 for the demonstration of His righteousness in the present time, for Him to be just and justifying the one of the faith from Jesus.

  • Ps. 103:5; Ps. 107:8; Matt. 19:17; Rom. 2:4.

    Ps. 103:5 the One filling your beauty with the good; your youth is renewed like the eagle.

    Ps. 107:8 Let them give thanks to YHWH for His loving devotion, and His wonders to the sons of man!

    Matt. 19:17 And He said to him, “Why do you ask Me about the good? One is good. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”

    Rom. 2:4 Or do you despise the riches of His kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance?

  • Ex. 34:6; Deut. 32:4; Ps. 86:15; Ps. 117:2; Heb. 6:18.

    Ex. 34:6 And YHWH passed before his face and proclaimed, “YHWH, YHWH God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in loving devotion and truth,

    Deut. 32:4 The Rock—perfect His work [is], for all His ways [are] just; a God of truth and without injustice, righteous and upright [is] He.

    Ps. 86:15 But You, O Lord, [are] a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in in loving devotion and faithfulness.

    Ps. 117:2 For mighty [is] His loving devotion toward us, and the faithfulness of YHWH [is] forever. Hallelu YAH!

    Heb. 6:18 so that by two unchangeable things, in which [it is] impossible [for] God to lie, we may have strong encouragement, having fled for refuge to take hold of the hope being set before [us],

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 728 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity23 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity17 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day8 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1227 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 967 shared proof texts

Question 5

Q. Are there more Gods than one?

A. There is but one only, the living and true God.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 6:4; Isa. 44:6; Isa. 45:21–22; 1 Cor. 8:4–6.

    Deut. 6:4 Hear, O Israel: YHWH our God, YHWH [is] One.

    Isa. 44:6 Thus says YHWH, the King of Israel and his Redeemer—YHWH of Hosts: “I [am] the First, and I [am] the Last, and besides Me there are no gods.

    Isa. 45:21–22 21 Declare [it] and approach, even let them take counsel together: Who has reported this from of old, from that time having declared it? Is it not I, YHWH? And [there is] no other God besides Me, and a righteous God bringing salvation [there is] none besides Me. 22 Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I [am] God, and there is no other.

    1 Cor. 8:4–6 4 Therefore concerning the eating of the [things] sacrificed to idols, we know that an idol [is] nothing in the world and that [there is] no God except one. 5 For even if indeed there are [those] called gods, whether in heaven or on earth—just as there are many gods and many lords— 6 yet to us [there is] one God the Father, of whom [are] all things, and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom [are] all things, and we through Him.

  • Jer. 10:10; John 17:3; 1 Thess. 1:9; 1 John 5:20.

    Jer. 10:10 And YHWH [is] the true God; He [is] the living God, and King forever! At His wrath the earth trembles, and the nations cannot endure His indignation.

    John 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You sent.

    1 Thess. 1:9 For they themselves report concerning us what kind of entrance we had to you⁺, and how you⁺ turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God,

    1 John 5:20 Now we know that the Son of God is come, and He has given to us understanding, so that we may know the One who [is] true; and we are in the One who [is] true, in His Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 810 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity5 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity4 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 253 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 63 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity2 shared proof texts

Question 6

Q. How many persons are there in the Godhead?

A. There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 3:16–17; Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14; 1 Peter 1:2.

    Matt. 3:16–17 16 And having been baptized, Jesus immediately went up from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and He saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove and coming upon Him. 17 And behold, a voice out of the heavens, saying, “This is My Son, the Beloved, in whom I was well pleased.”

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    2 Cor. 13:14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit [be] with all of you⁺.

    1 Peter 1:2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: May grace and peace be multiplied to you⁺.

  • Ps. 45:6; John 1:1; John 17:5; Acts 5:3–4; Rom. 9:5; Col. 2:9; Jude 24–25.

    Ps. 45:6 Your throne, O God, [is] forever and ever; a scepter of uprightness [is] the scepter of your kingdom.

    John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

    John 17:5 And now, glorify Me—You, Father, with Yourself—with the glory that I had with You before the world existed.

    Acts 5:3–4 3 But Peter said, “Ananias, why did Satan fill your heart [for] you to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back from the proceeds of the land? 4 Remaining, did it not remain yours? And having been sold, was it [not] in [your] own authority? Why did you purpose this deed in your heart? You did not lie to men but to God!”

    Rom. 9:5 whose [are] the fathers, and from whom [is] Christ according to the flesh, being God over all, blessed to the ages! Amen.

    Col. 2:9 because in Him all the fullness of the Deity dwells bodily.

    Jude 24 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 25 on BibleHub ↗

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 911 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity5 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 115 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 254 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 64 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 364 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 7

Q. What are the decrees of God?

A. The decrees of God are, his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 33:11; Isa. 14:24; Acts 2:23; Eph. 1:11–12.

    Ps. 33:11 The counsel of YHWH stands forever, the plans of His heart from generation and [to] generation.

    Isa. 14:24 YHWH of Hosts has sworn, saying, “Surely as I have purposed, so it will be, and as I have counseled, [so] it will stand:

    Acts 2:23 Him delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, you⁺ put to death, having crucified by lawless hands—

    Eph. 1:11–12 11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will 12 for us to be to the praise of His glory, the ones having first hoped in Christ,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 124 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 5: Of Providence4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence2 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 542 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 8

Q. How doth God execute his decrees?

A. God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 148:8; Isa. 40:26; Dan. 4:35; Acts 4:24–28; Rev. 4:11.

    Ps. 148:8 fire and hail, snow and clouds, wind of storm—doing His word;

    Isa. 40:26 Lift up your⁺ eyes on high and see who has created these [things]—the One having brought forth by number their host. He calls to them all by name; by the greatness of might and the strength of power, not one is missing.

    Dan. 4:35 and all those dwelling in the earth are regarded as nothing, and He does according to His will among the host of the heaven and those dwelling in the earth; and there is no one who can strike on His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’”

    Acts 4:24–28 24 And having heard, they lifted up [their] voice with one accord to God and said, “Sovereign Lord, You made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that [is] in them, 25 having spoken by the Holy Spirit through the mouth of Your servant, our father David: ‘Why did the Gentiles rage and the peoples devise vain things? 26 The kings of the earth took [their] stand, and the rulers were gathered together against the Lord and against His Christ.’ 27 For in truth, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, were gathered together in this city against Your holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed, 28 to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose predetermined to happen.

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 149 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 5: Of Providence3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 122 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity2 shared proof texts

Question 9

Q. What is the work of creation?

A. The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 1:1; Ps. 33:6, 9; Heb. 11:3.

    Gen. 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

    Ps. 33:6, 9 6 By the word of YHWH the heavens were made, and by the breath of His mouth all their host. 9 For He has spoken, and it came to pass; He has commanded, and it stood firm.

    Heb. 11:3 By faith we understand the ages to have been completed thoroughly by the word of God, in order for that being seen not to have come into being out of the things being visible.

  • Gen. 1:31.

    Gen. 1:31 And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, [it was] very good! And there was evening and there was morning—the sixth day.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 4: Of Creation4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 154 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 7: Of the Creation of All Things: Of Angels, the Devil, and Man2 shared proof texts · shared topicBelgic Confession · Article 10: The Deity of Christ1 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 261 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 61 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 10

Q. How did God create man?

A. God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 1:27.

    Gen. 1:27 And God created the man in His image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

  • Col. 3:10.

    Col. 3:10 and having put on the new, the one being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the One having created him,

  • Eph. 4:24.

    Eph. 4:24 and to have put on the new man, having been created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

  • Gen. 1:28. (See Ps. 8.)

    Gen. 1:28 And God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it. And rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over every living thing that is crawling upon the earth.”

    Psalm 8 on BibleHub ↗

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Question 11

Q. What are God's works of providence?

A. God's works of providence are, his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 145:17.

    Ps. 145:17 Righteous [is] YHWH in all His ways, and kind in all His works.

  • Ps. 104:24.

    Ps. 104:24 How many are Your works, O YHWH! All of them You have made in wisdom; the earth is full of Your creatures.

  • Heb. 1:3.

    Heb. 1:3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

  • Neh. 9:6.

    Neh. 9:6 You [are] He, YHWH, You alone; You have made the heavens, the heavens of the heavens, and all their host, the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them, and You give life to all things, and the host of the heavens gives worship to You.

  • Eph. 1:19–22.

    Eph. 1:19–22 19 and what [is] the surpassing greatness of His power to us, those believing, according to the working of the power of His strength, 20 which He worked in Christ, having raised Him out from the dead, and having seated [Him] at His right hand in the heavenly realms, 21 far above every principality and authority and power and lordship and every name being named, not only in this age, but also in the one about to be. 22 And He subjected all things under His feet and gave Him [to be] head over all things to the church,

  • Ps. 36:6; Prov. 16:33; Matt. 10:30.

    Ps. 36:6 Your righteousness [is] like the mountains of Might, Your ordinances the great deep; You keep safe man and beast, O YHWH.

    Prov. 16:33 Into the lap the lot is cast, and all its judgment [is] from YHWH.

    Matt. 10:30 And even the hairs of your⁺ head are all numbered.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 186 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 5: Of Providence5 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence3 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church3 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 503 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 523 shared proof texts

Question 12

Q. What special act of providence did God exercise towards man in the estate wherein he was created?

A. When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 2:16–17; James 2:10.

    Gen. 2:16–17 16 And YHWH God placed a command upon the man, saying, “From every tree of the garden you may surely eat. 17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    James 2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 203 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 223 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 172 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 13

Q. Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?

A. Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:6–8, 13; 2 Cor. 11:3.

    Gen. 3:6–8, 13 6 And the woman saw that the tree [was] good for food, and that it [was] pleasant to the eyes and the tree [was] desirable to make one wise. And she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. 7 And the eyes of the two of them were opened, and they knew that they [were] naked, and they sewed together leaves of the fig tree and made for themselves loincloths. 8 And they heard the voice of YHWH God walking about in the garden in the breeze of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the face of YHWH God in the midst of the trees of the garden. 13 And YHWH God said to the woman, “What [is] this you have done?” And the woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

    2 Cor. 11:3 But I fear, lest somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve in his craftiness, your⁺ minds might be corrupted from the simplicity and the purity that [is] to Christ.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 215 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof5 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 92 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 4: Of Creation2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 4: Of Creation1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 14

Q. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.

Scripture proofs
  • Lev. 5:17; James 4:17; 1 John 3:4.

    Lev. 5:17 And if a soul sins and does one from all the commandments of YHWH which are not to be done, and he has not known, and he is guilty, then he shall bear his iniquity.

    James 4:17 Therefore to the one knowing to do good, and not doing [it], to him it is sin.

    1 John 3:4 Everyone who [is] doing sin also does lawlessness; and sin is lawlessness.

Parallel passages (6)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 243 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1511 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1521 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 11 shared proof text

Question 15

Q. What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

A. The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:6.

    Gen. 3:6 And the woman saw that the tree [was] good for food, and that it [was] pleasant to the eyes and the tree [was] desirable to make one wise. And she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 9: Of Free Will1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 211 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 9: Of Free Will1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 91 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 4: Of Creation1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 16

Q. Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?

A. The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 2:16–17; James 2:10.

    Gen. 2:16–17 16 And YHWH God placed a command upon the man, saying, “From every tree of the garden you may surely eat. 17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    James 2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all.

  • Rom. 5:12–21; 1 Cor. 15:22.

    Rom. 5:12–21 12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned. 13 For until the law, sin was in the world; but sin is not imputed, there being no law. 14 Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those not having sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the coming One. 15 But not as the trespass, so also [is] the gracious gift; for if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more the grace of God and the gift in grace, that of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded to the many! 16 And not as through one having sinned [is] the gift; for indeed the judgment out of one [is] to condemnation; but the gracious gift out of many trespasses [is] to justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one, much more will those receiving the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 So then, just as through one trespass [is] condemnation to all men so also through one righteous act [is] justification of life to all men. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous. 20 And the law entered so that the trespass might abound; but where sin abounded, grace overabounded, 21 so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

    1 Cor. 15:22 For just as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive—

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 2213 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof11 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man11 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof8 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification5 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 17

Q. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:16–19, 23; Rom. 3:16; Rom. 5:12; Eph. 2:1.

    Gen. 3:16–19, 23 16 To the woman He said, “I will surely multiply your pain and your childbearing; in pain you will bear children. And toward your husband your desire [will be], and he will rule over you.” 17 And to the man He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and ate from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘you shall not eat from it,’ cursed is the ground on your account, in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life, 18 and thorn and thistle it will cause to grow for you, and you shall eat the vegetation of the field. 19 By the sweat of your nose you shall eat bread, until your returning to the ground, for from it you were taken. For dust you [are], and to dust you shall return.” 23 And YHWH God sent him out of the garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken.

    Rom. 3:16 ruin and misery [are] in their paths;

    Rom. 5:12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned.

    Eph. 2:1 And you⁺, being dead in your⁺ trespasses and sins—

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 237 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 274 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 253 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof3 shared proof texts · shared topicCanons of Dort · Third and Fourth Head: Rejection of the Errors2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 8: Of Man's Fall, Sin, and the Cause of Sin2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 18

Q. Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 5:12, 19.

    Rom. 5:12, 19 12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

  • Rom. 3:10; Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24.

    Rom. 3:10 As it has been written: “There is no one righteous, not even one;

    Col. 3:10 and having put on the new, the one being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the One having created him,

    Eph. 4:24 and to have put on the new man, having been created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

  • Ps. 51:5; John 3:6; Rom. 3:18; Rom. 8:7–8; Eph. 2:3.

    Ps. 51:5 Behold, in iniquity I was brought forth, and in sin my mother conceived me.

    John 3:6 That having been born of the flesh is flesh, and that having been born of the Spirit is spirit.

    Rom. 3:18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.”

    Rom. 8:7–8 7 because the mind of the flesh [is] hostility toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for [it is] not even able. 8 And those being in the flesh are not able to please God.

    Eph. 2:3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

  • Gen. 6:5; Ps. 53:1–3; Matt. 15:19; Rom. 3:10–18, 23; Gal. 5:19–21; James 1:14–15.

    Gen. 6:5 And YHWH saw that the wickedness of mankind on the earth [was] great and [that] every inclination of the thoughts of his heart [was] only evil all the day.

    Ps. 53:1–3 1 For the one directing. According to Mahalath. A Maskil of David. The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt and have done abominable injustice; there is no one doing good. 2 God looks down from the heavens upon the sons of man, to see: Is there one acting wisely, seeking God? 3 All have turned back, together they have become corrupt; there is no one doing good, not even one.

    Matt. 15:19 For out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual immorality, thefts, false testimonies, slanders.

    Rom. 3:10–18, 23 10 As it has been written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one understanding; there is no one seeking out God. 12 All turned away; together they became worthless; there is none who is doing kindness, there is not even one.” 13 “Their throat [is] a grave having been opened; they keep practicing deceit with their tongues;” “the poison of vipers [is] under their lips,” 14 “of whom the mouth is full of cursing and of bitterness;” 15 “their feet [are] swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery [are] in their paths; 17 and a way of peace they did not know.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

    Gal. 5:19–21 19 Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of rage, rivalries, dissensions, factions, 21 envies, drunkennesses, carousings, and things like these, as to which I say to you⁺ beforehand, as also I said before, that those doing such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.

    James 1:14–15 14 But each one is tempted, being dragged away and being enticed by [his] own desire. 15 Then desire, having conceived, gives birth to sin; and sin, having become fully grown, brings forth death.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 2527 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof20 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof19 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 513 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1949 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 9: Of Free Will8 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Question 19

Q. What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:8, 24; John 8:34, 42, 44; Eph. 2:12; Eph. 4:18.

    Gen. 3:8, 24 8 And they heard the voice of YHWH God walking about in the garden in the breeze of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the face of YHWH God in the midst of the trees of the garden. 24 And He drove out the man, and He caused to dwell at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim and the flame of the sword that turns itself to guard the way to the tree of life.

    John 8:34, 42, 44 34 Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you⁺ that everyone who [is] doing sin is a slave of sin. 42 Jesus said to them, “If God were your⁺ Father, you⁺ would love Me, for I came forth from God and am here; for neither have I come of Myself, but He sent Me. 44 You⁺ are of [your] father the devil, and you⁺ want to do the desires of your⁺ father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and he has not stood in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he may speak falsehood, he speaks from [his] own, because he is a liar and the father of it.

    Eph. 2:12 that at that time you⁺ were apart from Christ, having been alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, not having hope and without God in the world.

    Eph. 4:18 being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance being in them on account of the hardness of their heart,

  • John 3:36; Rom. 1:18; Eph. 2:3; Eph. 5:6.

    John 3:36 The one believing in the Son has eternal life; but the one not obeying the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”

    Rom. 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, suppressing the truth in unrighteousness,

    Eph. 2:3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

    Eph. 5:6 Let no one deceive you⁺ with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience.

  • Gal. 3:10; Rev. 22:3.

    Gal. 3:10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.”

    Rev. 22:3 And there will not be any curse any longer. And the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His servants will serve Him.

  • Gen. 3:16–19; Job 5:7; Eccl. 2:22–23; Rom. 8:18–23.

    Gen. 3:16–19 16 To the woman He said, “I will surely multiply your pain and your childbearing; in pain you will bear children. And toward your husband your desire [will be], and he will rule over you.” 17 And to the man He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and ate from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘you shall not eat from it,’ cursed is the ground on your account, in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life, 18 and thorn and thistle it will cause to grow for you, and you shall eat the vegetation of the field. 19 By the sweat of your nose you shall eat bread, until your returning to the ground, for from it you were taken. For dust you [are], and to dust you shall return.”

    Job 5:7 For man is born into toil, and as the sons of the flame soar to fly.

    Eccl. 2:22–23 22 For what has been for the man for all his toil and for the striving of his heart, with which he toils under the sun? 23 For all his days are pains, and anger [is] his task; even in the night his heart will not find rest. This also is vapor.

    Rom. 8:18–23 18 For I reckon that the sufferings of the present time [are] not comparable to the glory about to be revealed in us. 19 For the eager expectation of the creation eagerly awaits the revelation of the sons of God. 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of the One having subjected [it], in hope 21 that the creation itself will also be set free from the bondage of decay, into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that all the creation groans together and travails together until now. 23 And not only [so], but we ourselves, even having the firstfruit of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly awaiting adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.

  • Ezek. 18:4; Rom. 5:12; Rom. 6:23.

    Ezek. 18:4 behold, all souls, they [are] unto Me—as the soul of the father, also the soul of the son—they [are] unto Me: The soul that is sinning, it will die.

    Rom. 5:12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned.

    Rom. 6:23 For the wages of sin [is] death, but the gift of God [is] eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

  • Matt. 25:41, 46; 2 Thess. 1:9; Rev. 14:9–11.

    Matt. 25:41, 46 41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 46 And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

    2 Thess. 1:9 who will pay the penalty of eternal destruction away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power,

    Rev. 14:9–11 9 And another, a third angel, followed them, saying in a loud voice, “If anyone worships the beast and its image, and receives a mark on his forehead or upon his hand, 10 he also will drink of the wine of the fury of God, having been poured undiluted in the cup of His wrath; and he will be tormented in fire and sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their torment goes up to ages of ages; and those worshiping the beast and its image have no rest day and night, and if anyone receives the mark of its name.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 2726 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof9 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 235 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 295 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works5 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 525 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 20

Q. Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God, having out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 13:48; Eph. 1:4–5; 2 Thess. 2:13–14.

    Acts 13:48 And the Gentiles hearing were rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord, and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed.

    Eph. 1:4–5 4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world for us to be holy and blameless before Him, in love 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

    2 Thess. 2:13–14 13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, 14 to which also He called you⁺ through our gospel to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.

  • Gen. 3:15; Gen. 17:7; Ex. 19:5–6; Jer. 31:31–34; Matt. 20:28; 1 Cor. 11:25; Heb. 9:15.

    Gen. 3:15 And enmity I will put between you and between the woman, and between your seed and between her seed. He shall bruise you [on] the head, and you shall bruise him [on] the heel.

    Gen. 17:7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you.

    Ex. 19:5–6 5 And now if you⁺ will listen carefully to My voice and keep My covenant, then you⁺ shall be to Me a treasured possession from among all the peoples—for all the earth belongs to Me. 6 And you⁺—you⁺ shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These [are] the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”

    Jer. 31:31–34 31 Behold, the days are coming, a declaration of YHWH, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, in that they broke My covenant, and I was a husband to them, a declaration of YHWH. 33 “For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel, after those days, a declaration of YHWH: I will give My law in their inward parts, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they will be My people. 34 And they will teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know YHWH; for all of them will know Me, from the least of them and to the greatest of them, a declaration of YHWH. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

    Matt. 20:28 even as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life [as] a ransom for many.”

    1 Cor. 11:25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.”

    Heb. 9:15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man6 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 305 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints5 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling5 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 134 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 21

Q. Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?

A. The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, forever.

Scripture proofs
  • John 14:6; Acts 4:12; 1 Tim. 2:5–6.

    John 14:6 Jesus says to him, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father if not through Me.

    Acts 4:12 And there is salvation in no other, for there is not another name under heaven having been given among men by which it is necessary for us to be saved.”

    1 Tim. 2:5–6 5 For [there is] one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, 6 the One having given Himself [as] a ransom for all, the testimony in their own proper times,

  • Ps. 2:7; Matt. 3:17; Matt. 17:5; John 1:18.

    Ps. 2:7 I will recount the decree of YHWH; He has said to Me: “You [are] My Son; today I have begotten You.

    Matt. 3:17 And behold, a voice out of the heavens, saying, “This is My Son, the Beloved, in whom I was well pleased.”

    Matt. 17:5 [In] his still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and behold, a voice out of the cloud, saying, “This is My Son, the Beloved, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to Him!”

    John 1:18 No one has ever yet seen God. The only begotten God, the One being in the bosom of the Father, He has made [Him] known.

  • Isa. 9:6; Matt. 1:23; John 1:14; Gal. 4:4.

    Isa. 9:6 For a child has been born unto us, a son has been given unto us, and the government will be upon his shoulder. And his name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

    Matt. 1:23 “Behold, the virgin will have in womb, and she will bear a son, and they will call His name Immanuel,” which is, being translated, “God with us.”

    John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

  • Acts 1:11; Heb. 7:24–25.

    Acts 1:11 who also said, “Men, Galileans, why do you⁺ stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, having been taken up from you⁺ into heaven, will thus come in that manner you⁺ saw Him going into heaven.”

    Heb. 7:24–25 24 But because of His remaining to the age, He has the permanent priesthood, 25 wherefore also He is able to save to the uttermost those drawing near to God through Him, always living to intercede for them.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 3613 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator7 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator5 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification3 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 354 shared proof textsBelgic Confession · Article 26: The Intercession of Christ3 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 22

Q. How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

A. Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, yet without sin.

Scripture proofs
  • Phil. 2:7; Heb. 2:14, 17.

    Phil. 2:7 but emptied Himself, having taken the form of a servant, having been made in the likeness of men.

    Heb. 2:14, 17 14 Therefore, since the children have shared in blood and flesh, He also likewise partook of the same things, so that through death He might render powerless the one having the power of death, that is, the devil, 17 Hence it was necessary to be made like the brothers in all things, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest [in] the things relating to God, in order to make propitiation for the sins of the people.

  • Luke 1:27; 31, 35.

    Luke 1:27 to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name [was] Joseph, of the house of David. And the name of the virgin [was] Mary.

  • 2 Cor. 5:21; Heb. 4:15; Heb. 7:26; 1 John 3:5.

    2 Cor. 5:21 He made the One not having known sin [to be] sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

    Heb. 4:15 For we do not have a high priest not being able to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one having been tempted in all things by the same way, without sin.

    Heb. 7:26 For such for us indeed was fitting—a high priest holy, innocent, undefiled, having been separated from sinners, and having become higher than the heavens,

    1 John 3:5 And you⁺ know that He appeared so that He should take away sins; and in Him there is no sin.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 378 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator6 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator6 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 355 shared proof texts · shared topicBelgic Confession · Article 18: The Incarnation4 shared proof textsBelgic Confession · Article 26: The Intercession of Christ3 shared proof texts

Question 23

Q. What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?

A. Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 18:18; Acts 2:33; Acts 3:22–23; Heb. 1:1–2.

    Deut. 18:18 I will raise up for them a prophet from among their brothers, like you, and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him.

    Acts 2:33 Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He poured out this which you⁺ both see and hear.

    Acts 3:22–23 22 Indeed Moses said, ‘The Lord your⁺ God will raise up to you⁺ a prophet like me out of your⁺ brothers. You⁺ will listen to Him in all things, as many as He might say to you⁺. 23 And it will come to pass [that] every soul who might not heed that prophet will be utterly destroyed out of the people.’

    Heb. 1:1–2 1 God, having spoken long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, 2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages,

  • Heb. 4:14–15; Heb. 5:5–6.

    Heb. 4:14–15 14 Therefore, having a great high priest having passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to [our] confession. 15 For we do not have a high priest not being able to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one having been tempted in all things by the same way, without sin.

    Heb. 5:5–6 5 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become a high priest, but the One having said to Him: “You are My Son, today I have begotten You.” 6 Just as that, He also says in another [place]: “You [are] a priest to the age, according to the order of Melchizedek.”

  • Isa. 9:6–7; Luke 1:32–33; John 18:37; 1 Cor. 15:25.

    Isa. 9:6–7 6 For a child has been born unto us, a son has been given unto us, and the government will be upon his shoulder. And his name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 Of the increase of [His] government and peace [will be] no end, over the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness from now and even to forever. The zeal of YHWH of Hosts will accomplish this.

    Luke 1:32–33 32 He will be great, and He will be called Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David, 33 and He will reign over the house of Jacob to the ages. And of His kingdom there will be no end!”

    John 18:37 Therefore Pilate said to Him, “Then You are a king!” Jesus answered, “You say that I am a king. For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, so that I may testify to the truth. Everyone being of the truth hears My voice.”

    1 Cor. 15:25 For it is necessary for Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 4213 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator9 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator7 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 25: Of the Church4 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 11: Of Jesus Christ, Being True God and Man, and the Only Savior of the World2 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsBelgic Confession · Article 26: The Intercession of Christ2 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Question 24

Q. How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?

A. Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.

Scripture proofs
  • Luke 4:18–19, 21; Acts 1:1–2; Heb. 2:3.

    Luke 4:18–19, 21 18 “The Spirit of the Lord [is] upon Me, because of which He anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim deliverance to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to send forth the oppressed in deliverance, 19 to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.” 21 And He began to say to them, “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your⁺ ears.”

    Acts 1:1–2 1 The first account, indeed, I made concerning all the things, O Theophilus, that Jesus began both to do and to teach, 2 until the day [in] which, having given commands through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom He chose, He was taken up,

    Heb. 2:3 how will we escape, having neglected such a great salvation, which, having received a beginning to be spoken by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those having heard,

  • John 15:26–27; Acts 1:8; 1 Peter 1:11.

    John 15:26–27 26 When the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you⁺ from the Father, the Spirit of truth who goes forth from the Father, He will testify about Me. 27 And you⁺ also testify, because you⁺ are with Me from the beginning.[]

    Acts 1:8 But you⁺ will receive power [at] the Holy Spirit having come upon you⁺, and you⁺ will be My witnesses, both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

    1 Peter 1:11 searching into what or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ in them was making evident, testifying beforehand unto the sufferings of Christ and the glories after these,

  • John 4:41–42; John 20:30–31.

    John 4:41–42 41 And many more believed because of His word. 42 And they were saying to the woman, “No longer because of your speech do we believe; for we ourselves have heard, and we know that this is truly the Savior of the world.”

    John 20:30–31 30 Therefore indeed Jesus also did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book. 31 But these have been written so that you⁺ may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, believing, you⁺ may have life in His name.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 312 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 432 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 422 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture2 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 252 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 222 shared proof texts

Question 25

Q. How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?

A. Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us.

Scripture proofs
  • Isa. 53; Acts 8:32–35; Heb. 9:26–28; Heb. 10:12.

    Acts 8:32–35 32 Now the passage of Scripture that he was reading was this: “He was led as a sheep to slaughter, and as a lamb before the one shearing it [is] silent, so He does not open His mouth. 33 In His humiliation, justice was taken away from Him. Who will describe His generation? For His life is removed from the earth.” 34 And the eunuch, answering, said to Philip, “I beseech you, about whom does the prophet say this? About himself, or about some other?” 35 And Philip, having opened his mouth and having begun from this Scripture, proclaimed the good news to him—Jesus.

    Heb. 9:26–28 26 Otherwise it was necessary for Him to have suffered many times from the foundation of the world. But now He has been revealed once in the consummation of the ages for the putting away of sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And inasmuch as it is apportioned to men to die once, and after this, judgment, 28 so also Christ, having been offered once in order to bear the sins of many, will appear for a second time, apart from sin, to those eagerly awaiting Him for salvation.

    Heb. 10:12 But this One, having offered one sacrifice for sins unto perpetuity, sat down at the right hand of God,

    Isaiah 53 on BibleHub ↗

  • Rom. 5:10–11; 2 Cor. 5:18; Col. 1:21–22.

    Rom. 5:10–11 10 For if, being enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we will be saved in His life! 11 And not only [so], but also we are boasting in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we now received reconciliation.

    2 Cor. 5:18 Now all things [are] of God, the One having reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and having given to us the ministry of reconciliation:

    Col. 1:21–22 21 And you⁺, being once alienated and enemies in the mind, in the evil works— 22 but now He has reconciled [you] in His body of flesh through death, to present you⁺ holy and unblemished and blameless before Him,

  • Rom. 8:34; Heb. 7:25; Heb. 9:24.

    Rom. 8:34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us.

    Heb. 7:25 wherefore also He is able to save to the uttermost those drawing near to God through Him, always living to intercede for them.

    Heb. 9:24 For Christ entered not into holy [places] made by hands, copies of the true ones, but into heaven itself, now to appear for us in the presence of God,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 447 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator4 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator3 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God4 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 313 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Question 26

Q. How doth Christ execute the office of a king?

A. Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 110:3; Matt. 28:18–20; John 17:2; Col. 1:13.

    Ps. 110:3 Your people [are] freewill offerings in the day of your might, in the splendors of holiness; from the womb of the morning, the dew of your youth [is] unto you.

    Matt. 28:18–20 18 And having come near, Jesus spoke to them, saying, “All authority in heaven and on the earth was given to Me. 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    John 17:2 as You gave to Him authority over all flesh, so that all whom You have given to Him, He may give to them eternal life.

    Col. 1:13 who delivered us from the authority of darkness and transferred [us] into the kingdom of His beloved Son,

  • Ps. 2:6–9; Ps. 110:1–2; Matt. 12:28; 1 Cor. 15:24–26; Col. 2:15.

    Ps. 2:6–9 6 “And I have installed My King on Zion, the mountain of My holiness.” 7 I will recount the decree of YHWH; He has said to Me: “You [are] My Son; today I have begotten You. 8 Ask from Me and I will give the nations [as] Your inheritance, and the ends of the earth [for] Your possession. 9 You will break them with a rod of iron; You will shatter them like a vessel of a potter.”

    Ps. 110:1–2 1 A Psalm of David. An utterance of YHWH to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for Your feet.” 2 YHWH sends forth the rod of your strength from Zion: “Rule in the midst of Your enemies!”

    Matt. 12:28 But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you⁺.

    1 Cor. 15:24–26 24 then the end, when He shall deliver the kingdom to God, even the Father, when He shall have made null all rule and all authority and power. 25 For it is necessary for Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet. 26 The last enemy to be made null [is] death.

    Col. 2:15 Having divested the rulers and the authorities, He made a show [of them] in public, having triumphed over them in it.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator8 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 457 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator7 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 525 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 424 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 25: Of the Church4 shared proof texts

Question 27

Q. Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?

A. Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.

Scripture proofs
  • Luke 2:7; 2 Cor. 8:9; Gal. 4:4.

    Luke 2:7 And she gave birth to her Son, the firstborn, and she wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid Him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.

    2 Cor. 8:9 For you⁺ know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that being rich, on account of you⁺ He became poor, so that you⁺ by that poverty might be enriched.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

  • Gal. 4:4.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

  • Isa. 53:3; Luke 9:58; John 4:6; John 11:35; Heb. 2:18.

    Isa. 53:3 He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with weakness; and like one from whom [they] hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

    Luke 9:58 And Jesus said to him, “The foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere He might lay the head.”

    John 4:6 And Jacob’s well was there. Therefore Jesus, wearied from the journey, was thus sitting at the well. The hour was about the sixth.

    John 11:35 Jesus wept.

    Heb. 2:18 For in that He Himself has suffered, having been tempted, He is able to help those being tempted.

  • Ps. 22:1; Matt. 27:46; Isa. 53:10; 1 John 2:2.

    Ps. 22:1 For the one directing. According to “The Doe of the Dawn.” A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why have You forsaken me, far away from my salvation, [from] the words of my roaring?

    Matt. 27:46 And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” That is, “My God, My God, why did You forsake Me?”

    Isa. 53:10 And YHWH has delighted to bruise Him [and] Make [Him] weak; if his soul is made a guilt offering, He will see [his] seed; He will prolong His days; and the delight of YHWH will prosper in His hand.

    1 John 2:2 And He is the propitiation for our sins, and not only for ours, but also for [those] of the whole world.

  • Gal. 3:13; Phil. 2:8.

    Gal. 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,”

    Phil. 2:8 And having been found in appearance as a man He humbled Himself, having become obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.

  • Matt. 12:40; 1 Cor. 15:3–4.

    Matt. 12:40 For just as Jonah was in the belly of the great fish three days and three nights, so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights.

    1 Cor. 15:3–4 3 For I delivered to you⁺ as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 4614 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator6 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator6 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification5 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 495 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 503 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 28

Q. Wherein consisteth Christ's exaltation?

A. Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 15:4.

    1 Cor. 15:4 and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,

  • Ps. 68:18; Acts 1:11; Eph. 4:8.

    Ps. 68:18 You have gone up to the height, You have led captive captivity; You have received gifts from man, even [from] the rebellious ones, that YAH God may dwell there.

    Acts 1:11 who also said, “Men, Galileans, why do you⁺ stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, having been taken up from you⁺ into heaven, will thus come in that manner you⁺ saw Him going into heaven.”

    Eph. 4:8 Therefore it says: “Having ascended on high, He led captive captivity, and gave gifts to men.”

  • Ps. 110:1; Acts 2:33–34; Heb. 1:3.

    Ps. 110:1 A Psalm of David. An utterance of YHWH to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”

    Acts 2:33–34 33 Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He poured out this which you⁺ both see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he himself says: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand

    Heb. 1:3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

  • Matt. 16:27; Acts 17:31.

    Matt. 16:27 For the Son of Man is about to come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will repay each one according to his deeds.

    Acts 17:31 because He set a day in which He is about to judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He appointed, having provided a guarantee to all, having raised Him out from the dead.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 5110 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator7 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 534 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 513 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 462 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 29

Q. How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?

A. We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.

Scripture proofs
  • Titus 3:4–7.

    Titus 3:4–7 4 But when the kindness and the love of mankind of God our Savior appeared, 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit, 6 whom He poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 584 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 304 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works3 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 602 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 30

Q. How doth the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?

A. The Spirit applieth to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 10:17; 1 Cor. 2:12–16; Eph. 2:8; Phil. 1:29.

    Rom. 10:17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    1 Cor. 2:12–16 12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God, 13 which also we speak, not in words taught of human wisdom, but in [those] taught of the Spirit, expressing spiritual things by spiritual [means]. 14 But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know [them], because they are spiritually discerned. 15 But the spiritual [man] judges all things, but he himself is judged by no one. 16 For “who has known the mind of the Lord, that he will instruct Him?” But we have the mind of Christ.

    Eph. 2:8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God,

    Phil. 1:29 For it was granted to you⁺ on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer on behalf of Him,

  • John 15:5; 1 Cor. 1:9; Eph. 3:17.

    John 15:5 I am the vine; you⁺ [are] the branches. The one remaining in Me and I in him, he bears much fruit. For apart from Me you⁺ are able to do nothing.

    1 Cor. 1:9 Faithful [is] God, by whom you⁺ were called into fellowship with His Son Jesus Christ our Lord.

    Eph. 3:17 [for] Christ to dwell in your⁺ hearts through faith, having been rooted and having been founded in love,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 597 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 655 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling5 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 16: Of Faith and Good Works: Of Their Reward and of Man's Merit3 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 663 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 31

Q. What is effectual calling?

A. Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 26:18; 1 Cor. 2:10, 12; 2 Cor. 4:6; Eph. 1:17–18.

    Acts 26:18 to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, [that] they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those having been sanctified by faith in Me.’

    1 Cor. 2:10, 12 10 For God revealed [it] to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches all things, even the depths of God. 12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God,

    2 Cor. 4:6 For God [is] the One having said, “Light will shine out of darkness,” who shone in our hearts for the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.

    Eph. 1:17–18 17 that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you⁺ a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him, 18 the eyes your⁺ of heart being enlightened for you⁺ to know what is the hope of His calling, what [are] the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints,

  • Deut. 30:6; Ezek. 36:26–27; John 3:5; Titus 3:5.

    Deut. 30:6 And YHWH your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your seed, to love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you may live.

    Ezek. 36:26–27 26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh. 27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    John 3:5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

  • John 6:44–45; Acts 16:14.

    John 6:44–45 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me.

    Acts 16:14 And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple of the city of Thyatira, worshiping God, was listening. The Lord opened her heart to attend to the things being spoken by Paul.

  • Isa. 45:22; Matt. 11:28–30; Rev. 22:17.

    Isa. 45:22 Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I [am] God, and there is no other.

    Matt. 11:28–30 28 Come to Me, all those toiling and burdened, and I will give you⁺ rest. 29 Take up My yoke upon you⁺ and learn from Me, because I am gentle and humble [in] heart, and you⁺ will find rest [for] your⁺ souls. 30 For My yoke [is] easy and My burden is light.”

    Rev. 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And the one hearing, let him say, “Come!” And the one thirsting, let him come; the one wanting, let him take the water of life freely.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 6719 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling16 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling9 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture5 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man5 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 32

Q. What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life?

A. They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification, adoption, and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 8:30; 1 Cor. 1:30; 1 Cor. 6:11; Eph. 1:5.

    Rom. 8:30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    1 Cor. 1:30 But out of Him you⁺ are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption,

    1 Cor. 6:11 And some [of] you⁺ were these. But you⁺ were washed, but you⁺ were sanctified, but you⁺ were justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.

    Eph. 1:5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 694 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree2 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree2 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 772 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head, Article 7: Election2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 33

Q. What is justification?

A. Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins, and accepteth us as righteous in his sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 3:24.

    Rom. 3:24 being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,

  • Rom. 4:6–8; 2 Cor. 5:19.

    Rom. 4:6–8 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 7 “Blessed [are] [those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord shall never reckon sin.”

    2 Cor. 5:19 how that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having put into us the word of reconciliation.

  • 2 Cor. 5:21.

    2 Cor. 5:21 He made the One not having known sin [to be] sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

  • Rom. 4:6, 11; Rom. 5:19.

    Rom. 4:6, 11 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Rom. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

  • Gal. 2:16; Phil. 3:9.

    Gal. 2:16 are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ. We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified.

    Phil. 3:9 and may be found in Him, not having my own righteousness that [is] of the law, but that which [is] through faith from Christ, the righteousness of God upon faith,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 7010 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification9 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification7 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 605 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 715 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man5 shared proof texts

Question 34

Q. What is adoption?

A. Adoption is an act of God's free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges, of the sons of God.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 John 3:1.

    1 John 3:1 See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God—and we are! Because of this, the world does not know us, because it did not know Him.

  • John 1:12; Rom. 8:17.

    John 1:12 But as many as received Him, He gave to them authority to become children of God—to those believing in His name,

    Rom. 8:17 and if children, also heirs: heirs indeed of God, and co-heirs of Christ, if indeed we suffer with [Him], so that we may also be glorified with [Him].

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 743 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 12 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 332 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 12: Of Adoption2 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 12: Of Adoption2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification1 shared proof text · 2 shared topics

Question 35

Q. What is sanctification?

A. Sanctification is the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.

Scripture proofs
  • Ezek. 36:27; Phil. 2:13; 2 Thess. 2:13.

    Ezek. 36:27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    Phil. 2:13 For God is the One working in you⁺ both to will and to work on behalf of [His] good pleasure.

    2 Thess. 2:13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth,

  • 2 Cor. 5:17; Eph. 4:23–24; 1 Thess. 5:23.

    2 Cor. 5:17 Therefore if anyone [is] in Christ, [he is] a new creation. The old things passed away; behold, the new things have come into being!

    Eph. 4:23–24 23 and to be renewed in the spirit of your⁺ mind, 24 and to have put on the new man, having been created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

    1 Thess. 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you⁺ completely, and may your⁺ entire spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

  • Ezek. 36:25–27; Rom. 6:4, 6, 12–14; 2 Cor. 7:1; 1 Peter 2:24.

    Ezek. 36:25–27 25 And I will sprinkle on you⁺ pure water, and you⁺ will be pure from all your⁺ uncleannesses, and from all your⁺ idols I will purify you⁺. 26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh. 27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    Rom. 6:4, 6, 12–14 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life. 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin. 12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your⁺ mortal body, in order to obey its desires. 13 Neither present your⁺ members to sin [as] instruments of unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as living out from the dead, and your⁺ members to God [as] instruments of righteousness. 14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

    2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore having these promises, beloved, we should cleanse ourselves from every defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

    1 Peter 2:24 who Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that, having been dead to sins, we might live to righteousness, “by whose stripes you⁺ were healed.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 7516 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 13: Of Sanctification8 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God5 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 885 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 674 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 704 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 36

Q. What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification?

A. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, increase of grace, and perseverance therein to the end.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 5:5.

    Rom. 5:5 And hope does not put [us] to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit, the One having been given to us.

  • Rom. 5:1.

    Rom. 5:1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,

  • Rom. 14:17.

    Rom. 14:17 For the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.

  • 2 Peter 3:18.

    2 Peter 3:18 But grow in grace and in knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him [be] the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.

  • Phil. 1:6; 1 Peter 1:5.

    Phil. 1:6 being persuaded of this very thing, that the One having begun a good work in you⁺ will complete [it] until the day of Christ Jesus.

    1 Peter 1:5 who [are] being guarded in the power of God through faith for the salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 834 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints2 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification2 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints1 shared proof text · 4 shared topics

Question 37

Q. What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death?

A. The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness, and do immediately pass into glory; and their bodies, being still united to Christ, do rest in their graves, till the resurrection.

Scripture proofs
  • Heb. 12:23.

    Heb. 12:23 and [to] the assembly, to the church of the firstborn having been enrolled in the heavens, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous having been perfected,

  • Luke 23:43; 2 Cor. 5:6, 8; Phil. 1:23.

    Luke 23:43 And He said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

    2 Cor. 5:6, 8 6 being confident, then, always, and knowing that being at home in the body we are away from the Lord. 8 Now we are confident and we are well pleased rather to be away, out of the body, and to be at home with the Lord.

    Phil. 1:23 But I am pressed by the two, having the desire to depart and to be with Christ, for [it is] very much better,

  • 1 Thess. 4:14.

    1 Thess. 4:14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also through Jesus God will bring with Him those having fallen asleep.

  • Dan. 12:2; John 5:28–29; Acts 24:15.

    Dan. 12:2 And many of those sleeping in the soil of the dust will awake—these to life everlasting, and these to shame [and] contempt everlasting.

    John 5:28–29 28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming in which all those in the tombs will hear His voice, 29 and they will come out—those having done good to the resurrection of life, and those having practiced evil to the resurrection of judgment.

    Acts 24:15 having a hope in God, which they themselves also await, [that] there is about to be a resurrection both of righteous and of unrighteous.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 32: Of the State of Men After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead9 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 31: Of the State of Man After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead8 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 866 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 874 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 572 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 852 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 38

Q. What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection?

A. At the resurrection, believers, being raised up in glory, shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment, and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God to all eternity.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 15:42–43.

    1 Cor. 15:42–43 42 So also [is] the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruptibility; 43 it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;

  • Matt. 25:33–34, 46.

    Matt. 25:33–34, 46 33 And indeed, He will set the sheep on His right hand and the goats on [His] left. 34 Then the King will say to those on His right hand, ‘Come, the blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you⁺ from the foundation of the world. 46 And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

  • Rom. 8:29; 1 John 3:2.

    Rom. 8:29 because whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to be] conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers.

    1 John 3:2 Beloved, now we are children of God, and what we will be was not yet made manifest. We know that if He should be made manifest, we will be like Him, for we will see Him just as He is.

  • Ps. 16:11; 1 Thess. 4:17.

    Ps. 16:11 You make known to me the path of life; fullness of joys [is] with Your face, pleasant [things] [are] at Your right hand forever.

    1 Thess. 4:17 Then we, the living remaining, will be caught up together with them in the clouds for the meeting of the Lord in the air; and so we will be always with the Lord.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 909 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 874 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 32: Of the State of Men After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 31: Of the State of Man After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 573 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 523 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 39

Q. What is the duty which God requireth of man?

A. The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 29:29; Mic. 6:8; 1 John 5:2–3.

    Deut. 29:29 The things hidden are of YHWH our God, and the things revealed [are] to us and to our sons even to forever, that [we] may do all the words of this law.

    Mic. 6:8 He has shown to you, O man, what [is] good. And what does YHWH seek from you, but to do justice and to love kindness, and to be humble to walk with your God?

    1 John 5:2–3 2 In this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep His commandments. 3 For this is the love of God, that we should keep His commandments; and His commandments are not burdensome.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 914 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 951 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture1 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree1 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1051 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1131 shared proof text

Question 40

Q. What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience?

A. The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 2:14–15; Rom. 10:5.

    Rom. 2:14–15 14 For when Gentiles, not having the law, may do by nature the things of the law, these not having a law are a law to themselves, 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also testifying, and the thoughts between one another accusing or also defending [them]

    Rom. 10:5 For Moses writes [of] the righteousness that [is] of the law, that, “The man having done these things will live in them.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 923 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 4: Of Creation2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 172 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 4: Of Creation2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 41

Q. Wherein is the moral law summarily comprehended?

A. The moral law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 4:13; Matt. 19:17–19.

    Deut. 4:13 And He declared to you⁺ His covenant, which He commanded you⁺ to perform—the Ten Words. And He wrote them on two tablets of stone.

    Matt. 19:17–19 17 And He said to him, “Why do you ask Me about the good? One is good. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.” 18 He says to Him, “Which?” And Jesus said, “‘You will not murder, you will not commit adultery, you will not steal, you will not bear false witness, 19 honor the father and the mother, and you will love your neighbor as yourself.’”

Parallel passages (2)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 984 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 42

Q. What is the sum of the Ten Commandments?

A. The sum of the Ten Commandments is, to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbor as ourselves.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 22:37–40.

    Matt. 22:37–40 37 And He said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ 38 This is the great and first commandment. 39 And the second [is] like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 984 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1024 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 933 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 993 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1221 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 43

Q. What is the preface to the Ten Commandments?

A. The preface to the Ten Commandments is in these words, I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:2; Deut. 5:6.

    Ex. 20:2 “I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

    Deut. 5:6 “I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1012 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1521 shared proof textSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity1 shared proof text

Question 44

Q. What doth the preface to the Ten Commandments teach us?

A. The preface to the Ten Commandments teacheth us, that because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments.

Scripture proofs
  • Luke 1:74–75; 1 Peter 1:14–19.

    Luke 1:74–75 74 having been saved from the hand of [our] enemies, to serve Him without fear 75 in holiness and righteousness before Him all our days.

    1 Peter 1:14–19 14 as children of obedience, not being conformed to the passions in your⁺ former ignorance. 15 But according as the One having called you⁺ [is] holy, be holy yourselves also in all [your] conduct, 16 because it has been written: “You⁺ shall be holy, because I am holy.” 17 And if you⁺ call on [as] Father the One judging impartially according to the work of each, conduct yourselves in fear in the time of your⁺ sojourn, 18 knowing that were you⁺ redeemed from your⁺ futile conduct handed down from [your] fathers, not with perishable things—with silver or with gold— 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1017 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 933 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 972 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 21: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 45

Q. Which is the first commandment?

A. The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:3; Deut. 5:7.

    Ex. 20:3 You shall have no other gods before My face.

    Deut. 5:7 You shall have no other gods before Me.

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1032 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity1 shared proof text

Question 46

Q. What is required in the first commandment?

A. The first commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Chron. 28:9; Isa. 45:20–25; Matt. 4:10.

    1 Chron. 28:9 And as for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind, for YHWH searches all hearts, and He understands all the intent of thoughts. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will cast you off forever.

    Isa. 45:20–25 20 Assemble yourselves and come, draw near together, O fugitives of the nations! They do not know [it], those carrying the wood of their idol and praying to a god [that] cannot save. 21 Declare [it] and approach, even let them take counsel together: Who has reported this from of old, from that time having declared it? Is it not I, YHWH? And [there is] no other God besides Me, and a righteous God bringing salvation [there is] none besides Me. 22 Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I [am] God, and there is no other. 23 By Myself I have sworn, righteousness has gone forth from My mouth, a word that not will turn back; indeed, before Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear. 24 ‘Only in YHWH—of Me He said—[are] righteousness and strength!’” They will come to Him and will be ashamed, all those raging against Him. 25 In YHWH all the seed of Israel will be justified and will glory.

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1043 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1792 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 82 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1051 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1061 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 941 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 47

Q. What is forbidden in the first commandment?

A. The first commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshiping and glorifying, the true God as God, and our God; and the giving of that worship and glory to any other, which is due to him alone.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 14:1.

    Ps. 14:1 For the one directing. Of David. The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; they have done abominable deeds; there is no one doing good.

  • Rom. 1:20–21.

    Rom. 1:20–21 20 For from the creation of the world His invisible [qualities], both His eternal power and divinity, are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, for them to be without excuse. 21 For having known God, not as God did they glorify [Him], or give thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their foolish heart was darkened.

  • Ps. 81:10–11.

    Ps. 81:10–11 10 I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt; open wide your mouth, and I will fill it. 11 My people would not listen to My voice, and Israel has not consented to Me.

  • Ezek. 8:16–18; Rom. 1:25.

    Ezek. 8:16–18 16 And He brought me into the inner court of the house of YHWH, and behold, at the opening of the temple of YHWH, between the porch and between the altar, [were] about twenty-five men with their backs toward the temple of YHWH and [with] their faces toward the east; and they were worshiping eastward to the sun. 17 And He said to me: “Have you seen, son of man? Is it a light thing for the house of Judah to do the abominations that they do here, that they should fill the land [with] violence and turn back to provoke Me to anger? For behold, they are sending the branch to their nose! 18 I also will act in fury. My eye will not show pity, and I will not have pity, and though they cry into My ears [in] a great voice, not at all will I hear them!”

    Rom. 1:25 who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the One having created, who is blessed to the ages! Amen.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1055 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1092 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works2 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence2 shared proof texts

Question 48

Q. What are we specially taught by these words, before me, in the first commandment?

A. These words, before me, in the first commandment teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 30:17–18; Ps. 44:20–21; Ezek. 8:12.

    Deut. 30:17–18 17 But if your heart turns away, so that you do not listen, and are drawn away, and worship other gods and serve them, 18 I declare to you⁺ today that you⁺ will surely perish; you⁺ will not prolong [your] days in the land that you are passing over the Jordan to go in there to possess it.

    Ps. 44:20–21 20 If we had forgotten the name of our God or spread out our hands to a strange god, 21 would not God search this out? For He knows the secrets of the heart.

    Ezek. 8:12 And He said to me: “Have you seen, Son of man, that which the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark, each man in the inner chambers of his imagery? For they say, ‘YHWH [is] not seeing us, [for] YHWH has forsaken the land.’”

Parallel passages (2)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1065 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1511 shared proof text

Question 49

Q. Which is the second commandment?

A. The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:4–6; Deut. 5:8–10.

    Ex. 20:4–6 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the waters under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them; for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons on the third and on the fourth for those who hate Me, 6 and showing loving devotion to thousands for those who love Me and for those who keep My commandments.

    Deut. 5:8–10 8 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the water beneath the earth. 9 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them, for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the sons and on the third and fourth of those hating Me, 10 and showing loving devotion to thousands, to those loving Me and keeping My commandments.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 926 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1076 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God6 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts

Question 50

Q. What is required in the second commandment?

A. The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath appointed in his Word.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 12:32; Matt. 28:20.

    Deut. 12:32 The whole thing, whatever I command you⁺, be careful to observe it. You shall not add to it, nor take away from it.

    Matt. 28:20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1082 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1091 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day1 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture1 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 25: Of the Church1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 51

Q. What is forbidden in the second commandment?

A. The second commandment forbiddeth the worshiping of God by images, or any other way not appointed in his Word.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 4:15–19; Rom. 1:22–23.

    Deut. 4:15–19 15 And guard greatly your⁺ souls, for you⁺ did not see any form when YHWH spoke to you⁺ at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, 16 lest you⁺ act corruptly and make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female— 17 the likeness of any animal that [is] on the earth, or the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the air, 18 the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, or the likeness of any fish that [is] in the water beneath the earth. 19 And lest you lift up your eyes to the heavens and you see the sun and the moon and the stars—all the host of the heavens—and you feel driven to worship them and serve them, which YHWH your God has given as a heritage to all the peoples under the whole heavens.

    Rom. 1:22–23 22 Professing to be wise, they became fools, 23 and they changed the glory of the immortal God into the likeness of an image of mortal man and birds and quadrupeds and creeping things.

  • Lev. 10:1–2; Jer. 19:4–5; Col. 2:18–23.

    Lev. 10:1–2 1 And the sons of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, each took his firepan, and they put fire in it, and they put incense on it, and they brought near before the face of YHWH strange fire, which He had not commanded them. 2 And fire went out from before the face of YHWH, and it consumed them, and they died before the face of YHWH.

    Jer. 19:4–5 4 because that they have forsaken Me and made foreign this the place and burned incense in it to other gods, whom they have not known—they and not their fathers and not the kings of Judah. And they have filled this place with the blood of innocents! 5 And they have built the high places of Baal, to burn their sons in the fire [as] burnt offerings to Baal—which I did not command and did not speak, and it did not come upon My heart!

    Col. 2:18–23 18 Let no one disqualify you⁺, delighting in humility and worship of the angels, going into what he has seen, vainly being puffed up by the mind of his flesh, 19 and not holding fast to the head, from whom all the body, being supplied and being knit together by the joints and ligaments, grows with the growth of God. 20 If you⁺ died with Christ, away from the elements of the world, why, as if living in the world, are you⁺ subject to decrees: 21 “You should not handle! You should not taste! You should not touch!”— 22 which are all unto decay with the use, according to the precepts and teachings of men, 23 which, having indeed a word of wisdom in self-willed worship and humility and harsh treatment of the body, are not in any value toward the indulgence of the flesh.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day11 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 10910 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 969 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works6 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience4 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 24: Of Holy Days, Fasts, and the Choice of Meats4 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 52

Q. What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment?

A. The reasons annexed to the second commandment are, God's sovereignty over us, his propriety in us, and the zeal he hath to his own worship.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 95:2–3, 6–7; Ps. 96:9–10.

    Ps. 95:2–3, 6–7 2 Let us come before His face with thanksgiving, let us shout joyfully with psalms to Him! 3 For a great God [is] YHWH, and the great King above all gods— 6 O come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the face of YHWH our Maker! 7 For He [is] our God, and we [are] the people of His pasture, and the sheep of His hand. Today, if you⁺ hear His voice:

    Ps. 96:9–10 9 Bow down before YHWH in the splendor of [His] holiness; tremble before Him, all the earth! 10 Say among the nations, “YHWH reigns!” Surely the world is firmly set—it cannot be shaken; He will judge the peoples with uprightness.

  • Ex. 19:5; Ps. 45:11; Isa. 54:5.

    Ex. 19:5 And now if you⁺ will listen carefully to My voice and keep My covenant, then you⁺ shall be to Me a treasured possession from among all the peoples—for all the earth belongs to Me.

    Ps. 45:11 For the king himself desires your beauty, because he [is] your lord—and bow to him—

    Isa. 54:5 For your husband [is] your Maker; YHWH of Hosts [is] His name; and your Redeemer [is] the Holy One of Israel—He is called the God of all the earth.

  • Ex. 34:14; 1 Cor. 10:22.

    Ex. 34:14 For you shall worship no other god, for YHWH, Jealous [is] his name, is a jealous God.

    1 Cor. 10:22 Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than He?

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1109 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1042 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 971 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1851 shared proof text

Question 53

Q. Which is the third commandment?

A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:7; Deut. 5:11.

    Ex. 20:7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain.

    Deut. 5:11 You shall not lift up the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who lifts up His name in vain.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1112 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1141 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows1 shared proof text

Question 54

Q. What is required in the third commandment?

A. The third commandment requireth the holy and reverent use of God's names, titles, attributes, ordinances, Word, and works.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 10:20; Ps. 29:2; Matt. 6:9.

    Deut. 10:20 YHWH your God you shall fear; Him you shall serve, and to Him you shall hold fast, and by His name you shall swear.

    Ps. 29:2 Ascribe to YHWH the glory of His name; bow down before YHWH in the splendor of holiness.

    Matt. 6:9 Therefore pray you⁺ this way: ‘Our Father who [is] in the heavens, hallowed be Your name.

  • 1 Chron. 29:10–13; Rev. 15:3–4.

    1 Chron. 29:10–13 10 And David blessed YHWH before all the assembly, and David said, “Blessed are You, O YHWH, God of Israel, our Father, from forever and even to forever. 11 To You, O YHWH, [is] the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty, because of everything in the heavens and on earth. To You, O YHWH, [is] the kingdom, and You are exalted over all as head. 12 And the riches and the honor [are] from before You, and You reign over all, and in Your hand [is] power and might, and in Your hand [is] to exalt and to give strength to all. 13 And now, our God, we thank You and praise Your glorious name.

    Rev. 15:3–4 3 And they are singing the song of Moses the servant of God and the song of the Lamb, saying, “Great and marvelous [are] Your works, Lord God Almighty! Righteous and true [are] Your ways, O King of the nations! 4 Who should not fear [You], O Lord, and will glorify Your name? For [You] alone [are] holy. For all the nations will come and will worship before You, because Your righteous acts were revealed.”

  • Acts 2:42; 1 Cor. 11:27–28.

    Acts 2:42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

    1 Cor. 11:27–28 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup.

  • Ps. 138:2; Rev. 22:18–19.

    Ps. 138:2 I bow down toward the temple of Your holiness, and I give thanks to Your name for Your loving devotion, and for Your faithfulness; for You have magnified above all Your name [and] Your word.

    Rev. 22:18–19 18 I testify to everyone hearing the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone should add to these things, God will add unto him the plagues written in this book. 19 And if anyone should take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, of those written in this book.

  • Ps. 107:21–22; Rev. 4:11.

    Ps. 107:21–22 21 Let them give thanks to the LORD for His loving devotion, and His wonders to the sons of man! 22 And let them sacrifice sacrifices of thanksgiving, and recount His works with rejoicing!

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 11210 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day5 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1964 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1903 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1083 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1102 shared proof texts

Question 55

Q. What is forbidden in the third commandment?

A. The third commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of anything whereby God maketh himself known.

Scripture proofs
  • Lev. 19:12; Matt. 5:33–37; James 5:12.

    Lev. 19:12 And you⁺ shall not swear by My name to a lie and so profane the name of your God. I [am] YHWH.

    Matt. 5:33–37 33 Again, you⁺ heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but you shall repay your oaths to the Lord.’ 34 But I say to you⁺ not to swear at all: neither by heaven, because it is the throne of God; 35 nor by the earth, because it is the footstool for His feet; nor by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King. 36 Nor may you swear by your head, because you are not able to make one hair white or black. 37 But let your⁺ word ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ [and] ‘No,’ ‘No.’ And that which [is] more than these comes from the evil one.

    James 5:12 But before all things, my brothers, do not swear, neither [by] heaven nor the earth nor any other oath. But let your⁺ “Yes” be yes, and the “No,” no, so that you⁺ might not fall under judgment.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows7 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1025 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 23: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows4 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 993 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1133 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 993 shared proof texts

Question 56

Q. What is the reason annexed to the third commandment?

A. The reason annexed to the third commandment is, that however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 28:58–59; 1 Sam. 3:13; 1 Sam. 4:11.

    Deut. 28:58–59 58 If you are not careful to do all the words of this law written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and awesome name—YHWH your God— 59 then YHWH will bring extraordinary plagues and the plagues of your seed, great and prolonged plagues, and evil and prolonged sicknesses.

    1 Sam. 3:13 For I have told him that I will judge his house even to forever for the iniquity that he knows, because his sons blasphemed God, and he did not restrain them.

    1 Sam. 4:11 And the ark of God was captured, and the two sons of Eli died—Hophni and Phinehas.

Parallel passages (5)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1143 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1522 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1932 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1121 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1301 shared proof text

Question 57

Q. Which is the fourth commandment?

A. The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:8–11; Deut. 5:12–15.

    Ex. 20:8–11 8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it. 9 Six days you shall labor and you shall do all your work, 10 and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, your manservant, and your maidservant, and your livestock, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates. 11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

    Deut. 5:12–15 12 Observe the day of the Sabbath, to keep it holy, as YHWH your God has commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 and the seventh day [is] the Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and your ox, and your donkey, and any of your cattle, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates—that your manservant and your maidservant may rest like you. 15 And remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and YHWH your God brought you out from there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm. Upon thus YHWH your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 928 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1158 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God8 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God4 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1203 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 58

Q. What is required in the fourth commandment?

A. The fourth commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his Word; expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to himself.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 31:13, 16–17.

    Ex. 31:13, 16–17 13 “And You, speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Truly My Sabbaths you⁺ shall keep, for it [is] a sign between Me and between you⁺ throughout your⁺ generations, that [you] may know that I [am] YHWH who sanctifies you⁺. 16 And the sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to do the Sabbath throughout their generations [as] an everlasting covenant. 17 It [is] a sign between Me and between the sons of Israel forever; for [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’”

Parallel passages (1)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 59

Q. Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?

A. From the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian Sabbath.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 2:2–3; Ex. 20:11.

    Gen. 2:2–3 2 And God finished by the seventh day His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and He sanctified it, because on it He ceased from all His work that God had created for making.

    Ex. 20:11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

  • Mark 2:27–28; Acts 20:7; 1 Cor. 16:2; Rev. 1:10.

    Mark 2:27–28 27 And He said to them, “The Sabbath was made on account of the man, and not the man on account of the Sabbath. 28 So then, the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”

    Acts 20:7 And on the first of the week, we having come together to break bread, Paul, about to depart on the next day, talked to them and continued the talk until midnight.

    1 Cor. 16:2 Every first of the week, let each one of you⁺ put aside, treasuring up whatever he may be prospered in, so that when I might come, then there should be no collections.

    Rev. 1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and I heard behind me a loud voice, as of a trumpet,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day8 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1165 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1213 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 202 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1172 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 60

Q. How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

A. The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:10; Neh. 13:15–22; Isa. 58:13–14.

    Ex. 20:10 and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, your manservant, and your maidservant, and your livestock, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates.

    Neh. 13:15–22 15 In those days I saw in Judah those treading winepresses on the Sabbath, and bringing [in] the heaps [of grain], and lifting [loads] upon the donkeys, and also wine, [and] grapes, and figs, and every load carried; and [they were] bringing [it] [to] Jerusalem on the day of the Sabbath. And I protested on the day of their selling provision. 16 And the Tyrians who dwelt in it were bringing fish and every of merchandise and selling on the Sabbath to the sons of Judah, even in Jerusalem. 17 And I contended with the nobles of Judah, and I said to them, “What [is] this evil thing that you⁺ are doing, and profaning the day of the Sabbath? 18 Thus did not your⁺ fathers do, and our God brought upon us all this disaster, and upon this city? And you⁺ are adding to wrath upon Israel by profaning the Sabbath!” 19 And it came to pass when the gates of Jerusalem were becoming dark before the face of the Sabbath, that I commanded the gates to be shut, and I said that they shall not open them until after the Sabbath. And [some] from my servants I made stand at the gates, [that] there should not be brought [in] loads carried on the day of the Sabbath. 20 And they lodged—those who traded and those who sold all kinds of goods to sell—outside of Jerusalem once or twice. 21 And I testified against them and said to them, “Why [are] you⁺ lodging in front of the wall? If you⁺ do [this] again, a hand I will put forth on you⁺.” From that time they did not come on the Sabbath. 22 And I said to the Levites that they should be cleansing themselves, and coming in guarding the gates, to sanctify the day of the Sabbath. Also for this, remember me, O my God, and have pity on me according to the abundance of your loving devotion.

    Isa. 58:13–14 13 If you turn back your foot from the Sabbath, doing your pleasure on My holy day, and [if] you call the Sabbath a delight, holy of YHWH, honored, and [if] you honor it above doing your own ways above finding your own delight and speaking a word, 14 then you will delight yourself in YHWH; and I will cause you to ride on the heights of the earth, and I will feed you the inheritance of Jacob your father.” For the mouth of YHWH has spoken.

  • Ex. 20:8; Lev. 23:3; Luke 4:16; Acts 20:7.

    Ex. 20:8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it.

    Lev. 23:3 Six days work shall be done, and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath of complete rest, a holy convocation. You⁺ shall not do any work; it [is] the Sabbath of YHWH in all your⁺ dwellings.

    Luke 4:16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and according to His custom, He entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbaths, and He rose up to read.

    Acts 20:7 And on the first of the week, we having come together to break bread, Paul, about to depart on the next day, talked to them and continued the talk until midnight.

  • Matt. 12:1–13.

    Matt. 12:1–13 1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbaths, and His disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck the heads of grain and to eat. 2 And the Pharisees, having seen, said to Him, “Behold, Your disciples do what it is not lawful to do on a Sabbath.” 3 And He said to them, “Did you⁺ not read what David did when he was hungry, and those with him— 4 how he entered into the house of God, and they ate the loaves of the presentation, which it was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those with him, except for the priests only? 5 Or did you⁺ not read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and are guiltless? 6 But I say to you⁺ that a greater One than the temple is here. 7 But if you⁺ had known what is ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ then you⁺ would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.” 9 And having departed from there, He went into their synagogue. 10 And behold, a man having a withered hand, and they asked Him, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbaths?” so that they might accuse Him. 11 And He said to them, “What man will there be of you⁺ who will have one sheep, and if this one should fall into a pit on the Sabbaths, will not take hold of it and will raise [it] up? 12 How much more valuable, therefore, [is] a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful on the Sabbaths to do good.” 13 Then He says to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched [it] out, and it was restored, sound as the other.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day27 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day24 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 11720 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1219 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate8 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1184 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 61

Q. What is forbidden in the fourth commandment?

A. The fourth commandment forbiddeth the omission, or careless performance, of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments or recreations.

Scripture proofs
  • Neh. 13:15–22; Isa. 58:13–14; Amos 8:4–6.

    Neh. 13:15–22 15 In those days I saw in Judah those treading winepresses on the Sabbath, and bringing [in] the heaps [of grain], and lifting [loads] upon the donkeys, and also wine, [and] grapes, and figs, and every load carried; and [they were] bringing [it] [to] Jerusalem on the day of the Sabbath. And I protested on the day of their selling provision. 16 And the Tyrians who dwelt in it were bringing fish and every of merchandise and selling on the Sabbath to the sons of Judah, even in Jerusalem. 17 And I contended with the nobles of Judah, and I said to them, “What [is] this evil thing that you⁺ are doing, and profaning the day of the Sabbath? 18 Thus did not your⁺ fathers do, and our God brought upon us all this disaster, and upon this city? And you⁺ are adding to wrath upon Israel by profaning the Sabbath!” 19 And it came to pass when the gates of Jerusalem were becoming dark before the face of the Sabbath, that I commanded the gates to be shut, and I said that they shall not open them until after the Sabbath. And [some] from my servants I made stand at the gates, [that] there should not be brought [in] loads carried on the day of the Sabbath. 20 And they lodged—those who traded and those who sold all kinds of goods to sell—outside of Jerusalem once or twice. 21 And I testified against them and said to them, “Why [are] you⁺ lodging in front of the wall? If you⁺ do [this] again, a hand I will put forth on you⁺.” From that time they did not come on the Sabbath. 22 And I said to the Levites that they should be cleansing themselves, and coming in guarding the gates, to sanctify the day of the Sabbath. Also for this, remember me, O my God, and have pity on me according to the abundance of your loving devotion.

    Isa. 58:13–14 13 If you turn back your foot from the Sabbath, doing your pleasure on My holy day, and [if] you call the Sabbath a delight, holy of YHWH, honored, and [if] you honor it above doing your own ways above finding your own delight and speaking a word, 14 then you will delight yourself in YHWH; and I will cause you to ride on the heights of the earth, and I will feed you the inheritance of Jacob your father.” For the mouth of YHWH has spoken.

    Amos 8:4–6 4 Hear this, those swallowing up the needy and causing to cease the poor of the land, 5 saying, “When will the New Moon pass, so that we may sell grain, and the Sabbath, that we may trade wheat, making small the ephah and making large the shekel, and cheating [with] scales of deceit, 6 to acquire the poor with silver and the needy for a pair of sandals, even selling the chaff with the wheat?”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day10 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 11710 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1219 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day9 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate8 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1183 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 62

Q. What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment?

A. The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments, his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the Sabbath day.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:9; Ex. 31:15; Lev. 23:3.

    Ex. 20:9 Six days you shall labor and you shall do all your work,

    Ex. 31:15 Six days work shall be done, and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to YHWH. Every doer of work on the Sabbath day, he must surely be put to death.

    Lev. 23:3 Six days work shall be done, and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath of complete rest, a holy convocation. You⁺ shall not do any work; it [is] the Sabbath of YHWH in all your⁺ dwellings.

  • Gen. 2:2–3; Ex. 20:11; Ex. 31:17.

    Gen. 2:2–3 2 And God finished by the seventh day His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and He sanctified it, because on it He ceased from all His work that God had created for making.

    Ex. 20:11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

    Ex. 31:17 It [is] a sign between Me and between the sons of Israel forever; for [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day6 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1152 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1202 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1162 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 202 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 63

Q. Which is the fifth commandment?

A. The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:12; Deut. 5:16.

    Ex. 20:12 Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long upon the land that YHWH your God is giving to you.

    Deut. 5:16 Honor your father and your mother, as YHWH your God has commanded you, that your days may be long, that it may be well with you in the land that YHWH your God is giving to you.

Parallel passages (6)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1232 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1332 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 991 shared proof text

Question 64

Q. What is required in the fifth commandment?

A. The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to everyone in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 13:1, 7; Eph. 5:21–22, 24; Eph. 6:1, 4–5, 9; 1 Peter 2:17.

    Rom. 13:1, 7 1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God. 7 Pay to all their dues: tax to whom tax, revenue to whom revenue, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor.

    Eph. 5:21–22, 24 21 Be submitting to one another in fear of Christ: 22 wives, to [your] own husbands as to the Lord; 24 But as the church submits to Christ, so also wives to [their] husbands in everything.

    Eph. 6:1, 4–5, 9 1 Children, obey your⁺ parents in the Lord, for this is right. 4 And fathers, do not provoke to anger your⁺ children, but nourish them in the discipline and admonition of the Lord. 5 Slaves, obey the masters according to the flesh with fear and trembling, in sincerity of your⁺ heart, as to Christ, 9 And masters, do the same things toward them, giving up threatening, knowing that also their Master and yours⁺ is in the heavens, and there is no partiality with Him.

    1 Peter 2:17 Honor everyone: love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the king.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 12610 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1048 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1274 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate3 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 24: Of the Civil Magistrate3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience2 shared proof texts

Question 65

Q. What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?

A. The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing anything against, the honor and duty which belongeth to everyone in their several places and relations.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 15:4–6; Rom. 13:8.

    Matt. 15:4–6 4 For God said, ‘Honor [your] father and mother’ and ‘The one speaking evil of father or mother, in death let him end.’ 5 But you⁺ say, ‘Whoever might say to father or mother: Whatever you might be profited by me [is] a gift,’ 6 he shall not honor his father or his mother. And you⁺ made void the word of God because of your⁺ tradition.

    Rom. 13:8 Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one loving the other has fulfilled the law.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1284 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience4 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 993 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1041 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1321 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture1 shared proof text

Question 66

Q. What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment?

A. The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:12; Deut. 5:16; Eph. 6:2–3.

    Ex. 20:12 Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long upon the land that YHWH your God is giving to you.

    Deut. 5:16 Honor your father and your mother, as YHWH your God has commanded you, that your days may be long, that it may be well with you in the land that YHWH your God is giving to you.

    Eph. 6:2–3 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment with a promise, 3 “that it may be well with you and you will be long-lived upon the earth.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1334 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God3 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1232 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1042 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts

Question 67

Q. Which is the sixth commandment?

A. The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:13; Deut. 5:17.

    Ex. 20:13 You shall not murder.

    Deut. 5:17 You shall not murder.

Parallel passages (4)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1342 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text

Question 68

Q. What is required in the sixth commandment?

A. The sixth commandment requireth all lawful endeavors to preserve our own life, and the life of others.

Scripture proofs
  • Eph. 5:28–29.

    Eph. 5:28–29 28 So also husbands ought to love their own wives as their own bodies. The one loving his own wife loves himself. 29 For no one at any time hated his own flesh, but he nourishes and cherishes it just as Christ also [does] the church.

Parallel passages (3)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1352 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 24: Of Marriage and Divorce1 shared proof textHeidelberg Catechism · Question 761 shared proof text

Question 69

Q. What is forbidden in the sixth commandment?

A. The sixth commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbor unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 9:6; Matt. 5:22; 1 John 3:15.

    Gen. 9:6 Whoever sheds the blood of the man, by the man his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God He has made the man.

    Matt. 5:22 But I say to you⁺ that everyone being angry with his brother will be liable to the judgment, and whoever may say to his brother, ‘Raca,’ will be liable to the Sanhedrin. But whoever may say, ‘Fool!’ will be liable to the Gehenna of fire.

    1 John 3:15 Everyone hating his brother is a murderer; and you⁺ know that any murderer does not have eternal life remaining in him.

Parallel passages (6)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1363 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1052 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1061 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 991 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1131 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1511 shared proof text

Question 70

Q. Which is the seventh commandment?

A. The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:14; Deut. 5:18.

    Ex. 20:14 You shall not commit adultery.

    Deut. 5:18 And you shall not commit adultery.

Parallel passages (4)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1372 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text

Question 71

Q. What is required in the seventh commandment?

A. The seventh commandment requireth the preservation of our own and our neighbor's chastity, in heart, speech, and behavior.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 7:2–3, 5; 1 Thess. 4:3–5.

    1 Cor. 7:2–3, 5 2 But because of the sexual immorality, let each man have his [own] wife, and let each woman have [her] own husband. 3 Let the husband render the duty to the wife, and likewise also the wife to the husband. 5 Do not deprive one another, except by mutual agreement for a time, so that you⁺ might be at leisure for prayer, and may be together the same again, so that Satan may not tempt you⁺ through your⁺ lack of self-control.

    1 Thess. 4:3–5 3 For this is the will of God—your⁺ sanctification: [for] you⁺ to abstain from sexual immorality; 4 [for] each of you⁺ to know [how] to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of lust just as also the Gentiles, those not knowing God;

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 1086 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1385 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 24: Of Marriage and Divorce1 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows1 shared proof textLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 23: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows1 shared proof textLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 25: Of Marriage1 shared proof text

Question 72

Q. What is forbidden in the seventh commandment?

A. The seventh commandment forbiddeth all unchaste thoughts, words, and actions.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 5:28; Eph. 5:3–4.

    Matt. 5:28 But I say to you⁺ that everyone looking at a woman in order to desire her already committed adultery with her in his heart.

    Eph. 5:3–4 3 But let sexual immorality and all impurity or covetousness not even be named among you⁺, just as is proper to saints, 4 and shamefulness, and foolish talk, or crude joking, which are not fitting, but rather thanksgiving.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 1093 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1393 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1082 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 872 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1381 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 991 shared proof text

Question 73

Q. Which is the eighth commandment?

A. The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:15; Deut. 5:19.

    Ex. 20:15 You shall not steal.

    Deut. 5:19 And you shall not steal.

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1402 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 26: Of the Communion of Saints1 shared proof text

Question 74

Q. What is required in the eighth commandment?

A. The eighth commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.

Scripture proofs
  • Lev. 25:35; Eph. 4:28b; Phil. 2:4.

    Lev. 25:35 And if one of your brothers among you becomes poor and his hand has failed, then you shall help him like a sojourner or a stranger, and he may live with you.

    Eph. 4:28 The one stealing, let him steal no longer, but rather let him toil, working with [his] own hands what [is] good, so that he may have [something] to impart to the one having need.

    Phil. 2:4 each looking at not the things of yourselves, but each also the things of others.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1413 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1111 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1421 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows1 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 26: Of the Communion of Saints1 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 991 shared proof text

Question 75

Q. What is forbidden in the eighth commandment?

A. The eighth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth, or may, unjustly hinder our own, or our neighbor's, wealth or outward estate.

Scripture proofs
  • Prov. 28:19ff.; Eph. 4:28a; 2 Thess. 3:10; 1 Tim. 5:8.

    Prov. 28:19 The one working his land will be filled [with] bread, and the one pursuing empty [things] will be filled with poverty.

    Eph. 4:28 The one stealing, let him steal no longer, but rather let him toil, working with [his] own hands what [is] good, so that he may have [something] to impart to the one having need.

    2 Thess. 3:10 For even when we were with you⁺, we were commanding you⁺ this, that “if anyone is not willing to work, neither let him eat.”

    1 Tim. 5:8 But if anyone does not provide for [his] own, and especially [his] household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1424 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1412 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1111 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows1 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 26: Of the Communion of Saints1 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 991 shared proof text

Question 76

Q. Which is the ninth commandment?

A. The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:16; Deut. 5:20.

    Ex. 20:16 You shall not answer against your neighbor [as] a false witness.

    Deut. 5:20 And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

Parallel passages (4)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1432 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text

Question 77

Q. What is required in the ninth commandment?

A. The ninth commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man, and of our own and our neighbor's good name, especially in witness bearing.

Scripture proofs
  • Zech. 8:16; Acts 25:10; 3 John 12.

    Zech. 8:16 These [are] the things that you⁺ will do: Speak the truth, every man with his neighbor; [in] truth and judgment of peace render judgment in your⁺ gates;

    Acts 25:10 And Paul said, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where it is necessary for me to be judged. I did nothing wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.

    3 John 12 on BibleHub ↗

  • Prov. 14:5, 25.

    Prov. 14:5, 25 5 A witness of faithfulness does not lie, and a witness of deception breathes out lies. 25 A witness of truth is delivering souls, and one who breathes out lies [is] deceitful.

Parallel passages (3)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1443 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1411 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate1 shared proof text

Question 78

Q. What is forbidden in the ninth commandment?

A. The ninth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own, or our neighbor's, good name.

Scripture proofs
  • Lev. 19:16; Ps. 15:3; Prov. 6:16–19; Luke 3:14.

    Lev. 19:16 You shall not go about [as] a slanderer among your people. You shall not stand against the blood of your neighbor. I [am] YHWH.

    Ps. 15:3 He does not have slander upon his tongue, and he has not done evil to his neighbor, and a reproach he has not taken up against his neighbor.

    Prov. 6:16–19 16 These six [things] YHWH hates, and seven [are] an abomination to His soul: 17 Eyes raised high, a tongue of falsehood, and hands pouring out innocent blood, 18 a heart devising plans of iniquity, feet hurrying to run toward evil, 19 one breathing out lies, a witness of falsehood, and one sending forth contentions between brothers.

    Luke 3:14 And those being soldiers were also questioning him, saying, “And what shall we do?” And he said to them, “Extort no one, nor accuse falsely, and be content with your⁺ wages.”

Parallel passages (5)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1455 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1441 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1101 shared proof textWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate1 shared proof textLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 24: Of the Civil Magistrate1 shared proof text

Question 79

Q. Which is the tenth commandment?

A. The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:17; Deut. 5:21.

    Ex. 20:17 You shall not covet the house of your neighbor; you shall not covet the wife of your neighbor, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”

    Deut. 5:21 And you shall not covet the wife of your neighbor, and you shall not covet the house of your neighbor, his field, and his manservant, and his maidservant, his ox, and his donkey, and anything that [is] unto your neighbor.”

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1462 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1481 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof text

Question 80

Q. What is required in the tenth commandment?

A. The tenth commandment requireth full contentment with our own condition, with a right and charitable frame of spirit toward our neighbor, and all that is his.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 34:1; Phil. 4:11; 1 Tim. 6:6; Heb. 13:5.

    Ps. 34:1 Of David, in his changing his behavior before Abimelech, and he drove him off, and he went. I will bless YHWH at every time; His praise [is] continually in my mouth.

    Phil. 4:11 Not that I speak according to deficiency, for I have learned to be content in that which I am.

    1 Tim. 6:6 But godliness with contentment is a means of great gain.

    Heb. 13:5 [your] manner of life [let be] without love of money, being satisfied with the present; for He Himself has said: “Never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.”

  • Luke 15:6, 9, 11–32; Rom. 12:15; Phil. 2:4.

    Luke 15:6, 9, 11–32 6 And having come to the house, he calls together the friends and the neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, because I found my sheep, the lost one!’ 9 And having found [it], she calls together the friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I found the drachma that I lost.’ 11 And He said, “A certain man had two sons. 12 And the younger of them said to the father, ‘Father, give to me the portion of the substance falling [to me].’ And he divided the livelihood between them. 13 And after not many days, the younger son, having gathered together all, went away into a far country, and there he scattered his substance living prodigally. 14 But [on] his having spent all, there was a strong famine throughout that country, and he began to lack. 15 And having gone, he joined himself to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs. 16 And he was desiring to fill his belly from the pods that the pigs were eating, and no one was giving to him. 17 But having come to himself, he was saying, ‘How many hired men of my father have an abundance of loaves, but here I am perishing with hunger? 18 Having risen up, I will go to my father and I will say to him, “Father, I sinned against heaven and before you; 19 no longer am I worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired men.”’ 20 And having risen up, he went to his father. But [on] his still being distant, his father saw him and was moved with compassion, and having run, he fell upon his neck and kissed him. 21 And the son said to him, ‘Father, I sinned against heaven and before you; no longer am I worthy to be called your son.’ 22 And the father said to his servants, ‘Quickly bring out the best robe and clothe him, and give a ring for his hand and sandals for his feet; 23 and having brought the fattened calf, kill [it], and having eaten, let us be merry, 24 because this son of mine was dead and lived again! He was lost and was found!’ And they began to be merry. 25 And his elder son was in the field; and as, coming, he drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. 26 And having summoned one of the servants, he was inquiring what these things might be. 27 And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father killed the fattened calf, because he received him back in good health.’ 28 But he was angry and was not willing to go in. And his father, having gone, was imploring him. 29 But answering, he said to his father, ‘Behold, so many years I serve you, and never did I transgress a commandment of yours, and never did you give to me a young goat so that I might be merry with my friends. 30 But when this son of yours came, the one having devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him!’ 31 And he said to him, ‘Child, you are always with me, and all that [is] mine is yours⁺. 32 But it was fitting to be merry and to rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead and lived again; and he was lost and was found.’”

    Rom. 12:15 to rejoice with the rejoicing, to weep with the weeping,

    Phil. 2:4 each looking at not the things of yourselves, but each also the things of others.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 855 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1474 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1853 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1412 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 762 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 14: Of Repentance, and the Conversion of Man2 shared proof texts

Question 81

Q. What is forbidden in the tenth commandment?

A. The tenth commandment forbiddeth all discontentment with our own estate, envying or grieving at the good of our neighbor, and all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 10:10; James 3:14–16.

    1 Cor. 10:10 And do not grumble, as some of them grumbled, and were destroyed by the destroyer.

    James 3:14–16 14 But if you⁺ have bitter jealousy and self-interest in your⁺ heart, do not boast and lie against the truth. 15 This is not the wisdom coming down from above, but [is] earthly, unspiritual, demonic. 16 For where jealousy and self-interest [are], there [are] disorder and every evil thing.

  • Gal. 5:26; Col. 3:5.

    Gal. 5:26 We should not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another.

    Col. 3:5 Put to death, therefore, the members that [are] upon the earth: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1485 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 992 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 941 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1321 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1451 shared proof textHeidelberg Catechism · Question 881 shared proof text

Question 82

Q. Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God?

A. No mere man, since the fall, is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but doth daily break them in thought, word, and deed.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 8:21; Rom. 3:9ff., 23.

    Gen. 8:21 And YHWH smelled the pleasing aroma, and YHWH said in His heart, “I will not continue to curse anymore the ground on account of mankind, though the inclination of the heart of man [is] evil from his youth. I will not continue anymore to destroy every living thing, as I have done.

    Rom. 3:9 What then? Are we better? Not at all. For we charged before both Jews and Greeks with being all under sin.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1492 shared proof texts · shared topicCanons of Dort · Third and Fourth Head: Rejection of the Errors1 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 51 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 9: Of Free Will1 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 951 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 83

Q. Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous?

A. Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.

Scripture proofs
  • Ezek. 8:6, 13, 15; Matt. 11:20–24; John 19:11.

    Ezek. 8:6, 13, 15 6 And He said to me: “Son of man, are you seeing what [they] are doing? The great abominations that the house of Israel is doing here to keep Me far off from My sanctuary? And still you will turn [and] you will see greater abominations!” 13 And He said to me: “Again you will turn [and] will see greater abominations that they are doing!” 15 And He said to me: “Have you seen, son of man? Again you will turn [and] will see greater abominations than these!”

    Matt. 11:20–24 20 Then He began to reproach the cities in which most of His miracles happened, because they did not repent. 21 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles having happened in you⁺ had happened in Tyre and Sidon, long ago in sackcloth and ashes they would have repented. 22 But I say to you⁺, for Tyre and Sidon it will be more bearable in the day of judgment than for you⁺. 23 And you, Capernaum, to heaven will you be lifted up? To Hades you will be brought down! For if the miracles having happened in you had happened in Sodom, it would have remained until [this] day. 24 But I say to you⁺ that it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you.”

    John 19:11 Jesus answered him, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Because of this, the one having delivered Me up to you has greater sin.”

Parallel passages (6)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1504 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1514 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree3 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1061 shared proof textCanons of Dort · First Head: Rejection of the Errors1 shared proof textLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree1 shared proof text

Question 84

Q. What doth every sin deserve?

A. Every sin deserveth God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 25:41; Gal. 3:10; Eph. 5:6; James 2:10.

    Matt. 25:41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

    Gal. 3:10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.”

    Eph. 5:6 Let no one deceive you⁺ with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience.

    James 2:10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1524 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 272 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 102 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 85

Q. What doth God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse, due to us for sin?

A. To escape the wrath and curse of God, due to us for sin, God requireth of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life, with the diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption.

Scripture proofs
  • Mark 1:15; Acts 20:21.

    Mark 1:15 and saying, “The time has been fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has drawn near. Repent and believe in the gospel!”

    Acts 20:21 earnestly testifying both to the Jews and to the Greeks repentance to God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.

  • Acts 2:38; 1 Cor. 11:24–25; Col. 3:16.

    Acts 2:38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

    1 Cor. 11:24–25 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.”

    Col. 3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you⁺ richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing each other in psalms, hymns, [and] spiritual songs, in grace singing in your⁺ hearts to God.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith3 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1623 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1773 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1033 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 15: Of Repentance unto Life2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 86

Q. What is faith in Jesus Christ?

A. Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace, whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.

Scripture proofs
  • Eph. 2:8–9. (Cf. Rom. 4:16.)

    Eph. 2:8–9 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God, 9 not by works, so that no one may boast.

    Rom. 4:16 Because of this [it is] of faith, so that [it may be] according to grace for the promise to be sure to all the seed, not only to that of the law, but also to that of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all

  • John 20:30–31; Gal. 2:15–16; Phil. 3:3–11.

    John 20:30–31 30 Therefore indeed Jesus also did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book. 31 But these have been written so that you⁺ may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, believing, you⁺ may have life in His name.

    Gal. 2:15–16 15 We by nature Jews and not “sinners of the Gentiles,” 16 are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ. We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified.

    Phil. 3:3–11 3 For we are the circumcision, those worshiping in the Spirit of God and boasting in Christ Jesus, and not having put confidence in the flesh— 4 though I have confidence even in the flesh. If any other thinks to have confidence in the flesh, I more: 5 circumcision [on] the eighth day; of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; according to the law, a Pharisee; 6 according to zeal, persecuting the church; according to righteousness that [is] in the law, having become blameless. 7 But whatever things were gain to me, these I have deemed loss because of Christ. 8 But indeed, therefore, I also deem all things to be loss because of the surpassing knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, because of whom I have lost all things and deem [them] rubbish, that I may gain Christ 9 and may be found in Him, not having my own righteousness that [is] of the law, but that which [is] through faith from Christ, the righteousness of God upon faith, 10 to know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death, 11 if somehow I may attain to the resurrection out from the dead.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 607 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 606 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 213 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 11: Of Justification3 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head: Rejection of the Errors2 shared proof texts · 5 shared topics

Question 87

Q. What is repentance unto life?

A. Repentance unto life is a saving grace, whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin, and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ, doth, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God, with full purpose of, and endeavor after, new obedience.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 11:18; 2 Tim. 2:25.

    Acts 11:18 And having heard these things, they were silent and glorified God, saying, “Then indeed God has given also to the Gentiles repentance unto life.”

    2 Tim. 2:25 in gentleness disciplining those opposing, lest ever God may give them repentance unto a knowledge of the truth,

  • Ps. 51:1–4; Joel 2:13; Luke 15:7, 10; Acts 2:37.

    Ps. 51:1–4 1 For the one directing. A Psalm of David, in the coming of Nathan the prophet to him after that he had gone in to Bathsheba. Have mercy on me O God, according to Your loving devotion; according to the abundance of Your compassion, wipe out my transgressions. 2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. 3 For I know my transgressions, and my sin [is] before me continually. 4 Against You, You alone, have I sinned, and have done the evil in your eyes, so that You are right when You speak, and You are pure when You judge.

    Joel 2:13 And rend your⁺ heart and not your⁺ garments. May you return to YHWH your⁺ God, for He [is] gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, and great in loving devotion, and relenting from harm.

    Luke 15:7, 10 7 I say to you⁺ that thus there will be joy in heaven over one sinner repenting, rather than over ninety-nine righteous ones who have no need of repentance. 10 Thus, I say to you⁺, there is joy before the angels of God over one sinner repenting.”

    Acts 2:37 And having heard, they were pierced to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, “Men, brothers, what shall we do?”

  • Jer. 31:18–19; Luke 1:16–17; 1 Thess. 1:9.

    Jer. 31:18–19 18 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: ‘You disciplined me, and I was disciplined as an untrained heifer; turn me back and I will return, for You [are] YHWH my God. 19 For after my turning back, I repented; and after I was instructed, I struck myself on the thigh; I was ashamed and also humiliated, because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

    Luke 1:16–17 16 And many of the sons of Israel he will turn to the Lord their God. 17 And he will go on before Him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”

    1 Thess. 1:9 For they themselves report concerning us what kind of entrance we had to you⁺, and how you⁺ turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God,

  • 2 Chron. 7:14; Ps. 119:57–64; Matt. 3:8; 2 Cor. 7:10.

    2 Chron. 7:14 and My people upon whom My name is called will humble themselves and pray and seek My face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from the heavens and will forgive their sin and heal their land.

    Ps. 119:57–64 57 YHWH [is] my portion; I have said I would keep Your words. 58 I appeased Your face with all [my] heart; be gracious to me according to Your word. 59 I have considered my paths, and turned back my feet to Your testimonies. 60 I hurried and did not delay to keep Your commandments. 61 The cords of the wicked have surrounded me, Your law I have not forgotten. 62 [In] the middle of the night, I rise to give thanks to You, upon the judgments of Your righteousness. 63 I [am] a companion to all who fear You, and to those keeping Your precepts. 64 O YHWH, with Your loving devotion the earth is full; teach me Your statutes.

    Matt. 3:8 Therefore produce fruit worthy of repentance.

    2 Cor. 7:10 For grief according to God works repentance unto salvation without regret; but the grief of the world produces death.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 7626 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 15: Of Repentance unto Life11 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 894 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1264 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1922 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 751 shared proof text · 2 shared topics

Question 88

Q. What are the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?

A. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the Word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 28:18–20; Acts 2:41–42.

    Matt. 28:18–20 18 And having come near, Jesus spoke to them, saying, “All authority in heaven and on the earth was given to Me. 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    Acts 2:41–42 41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added. 42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church5 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 25: Of the Church4 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1543 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 313 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 28: Of Baptism3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1083 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 89

Q. How is the Word made effectual to salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching, of the Word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.

Scripture proofs
  • Neh. 8:8–9; Acts 20:32; Rom. 10:14–17; 2 Tim. 3:15–17.

    Neh. 8:8–9 8 And they read from the Book of the Law of God, explaining it and giving the meaning, and they gave understanding to the convocation. 9 And Nehemiah (he [was] the Tirshatha) said—and Ezra the priest [and] the scribe and the Levites who were instructing the people—to all the people, “This day [is] holy to YHWH your⁺ God. Do not mourn and do not weep.” For all the people wept at their hearing the words of the Law.

    Acts 20:32 And now I commit you⁺ to God and to the word of His grace, being able to build [you] up and to give you an inheritance among all those having been sanctified.

    Rom. 10:14–17 14 How then can they call upon One in whom they did not believe? And how can they believe in One of whom they did not hear? And how can they hear apart from one preaching? 15 And how can they preach unless they can be sent? As it has been written: “How beautiful [are] the feet of those proclaiming good news of good things!” 16 But not all heeded the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” 17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    2 Tim. 3:15–17 15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness, 17 so that the man of God may be complete, having been completely equipped toward every good work.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1559 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1037 shared proof textsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture Being the True Word of God6 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 985 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 724 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 90

Q. How is the Word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation?

A. That the Word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence, preparation, and prayer; receive it with faith and love, lay it up in our hearts, and practice it in our lives.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 6:16ff.; Ps. 119:18; 1 Peter 2:1–2.

    Deut. 6:16 You⁺ shall not test YHWH your⁺ God, as you⁺ tested [Him] in Massah.

    Ps. 119:18 Open my eyes, that I may see the wonders from Your law.

    1 Peter 2:1–2 1 Therefore, having put off all malice and all deceit and hypocrisies and envies and all evil-speakings, 2 like newborn babies, long for the reasonable, unspoiled milk, so that in it you⁺ may grow up into salvation,

  • Ps. 119:11; 2 Thess. 2:10; Heb. 4:2; James 1:22–25.

    Ps. 119:11 In my heart I have hidden Your word, that I should not sin against You.

    2 Thess. 2:10 and in every deception of wickedness to those perishing, because they did not receive the love of the truth in order for them to be saved.

    Heb. 4:2 For also we are [those] having had the gospel proclaimed, even as also those; but the word of [their] hearing did not profit those not having been united with the faith of those having heard.

    James 1:22–25 22 But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding yourselves, 23 because if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, this one is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror, 24 for he observed himself and has gone away, and immediately he forgot what kind he was. 25 But the one having looked intently into the perfect law, that of freedom, and having continued in [it], not having been a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work—this one will be blessed in his doing.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1607 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God3 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1571 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 91

Q. How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation?

A. The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them; but only by the blessing of Christ, and the working of his Spirit in them that by faith receive them.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 3:7. (Cf. 1 Cor. 1:12–17.)

    1 Cor. 3:7 So neither the one planting nor the one watering is anything, but [only] God, the One giving growth.

    1 Cor. 1:12–17 12 Now I say this, that each of you⁺ says, “I am indeed of Paul,” and “I of Apollos,” and “I of Cephas,” and “I of Christ.” 13 Has Christ been divided? Was Paul crucified for you⁺? Or were you⁺ baptized into the name of Paul? 14 I thank God that I baptized none of you⁺ except Crispus and Gaius, 15 so that no one can say that you⁺ were baptized into my name. 16 Now also I baptized the household of Stephanas; as to the rest, I do not know if I baptized any other. 17 For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not in wisdom of word, so that the cross of the Christ should not be made void.

Parallel passages (5)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1617 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 302 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1672 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 18: Of the Ministers of the Church, Their Institution and Offices1 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture Being the True Word of God1 shared proof text

Question 92

Q. What is a sacrament?

A. A sacrament is a holy ordinance instituted by Christ; wherein, by sensible signs, Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 28:19; Matt. 26:26–28; Mark 14:22–25; Luke 22:19–20; 1 Cor. 1:22–26.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    Matt. 26:26–28 26 Now [while] they are eating, Jesus, having taken bread and having blessed [it], broke [it], and having given [it] to the disciples, He said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

    Mark 14:22–25 22 And [in] their eating, having taken bread, having spoken a blessing, He broke [it] and gave to them and said, “Take; this is My body.” 23 And having taken the cup, having given thanks, He gave to them, and they all drank of it. 24 And He said to them, “This is My blood of the covenant, which is being poured out for many. 25 Truly I say to you⁺ that I will never [again] drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.”

    Luke 22:19–20 19 And having taken the bread, having given thanks, He broke [it] and gave to them, saying, “This is My body, which is given for you⁺; do this in remembrance of Me,” 20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

    1 Cor. 1:22–26 22 Since also Jews ask for signs and Greeks search for wisdom, 23 we, however, preach Christ having been crucified, a stumbling block indeed to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, 24 but to those called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. 25 For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God stronger than men. 26 For consider your⁺ calling, brothers, that not many [were] wise according to the flesh, not many powerful, not many of noble birth.

  • Gal. 3:27; 1 Cor. 10:16–17.

    Gal. 3:27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

    1 Cor. 10:16–17 16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ? 17 Because [there is] one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 16213 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 29: Of the Lord's Supper10 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 27: Of the Sacraments9 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1698 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 758 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1686 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 93

Q. Which are the sacraments of the New Testament?

A. The sacraments of the New Testament are, baptism, and the Lord's Supper.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 28:19.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

  • 1 Cor. 11:23–26.

    1 Cor. 11:23–26 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 685 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith5 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1085 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1625 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day5 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 354 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 94

Q. What is baptism?

A. Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 28:19.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

  • Acts 2:38–42; Acts 22:16; Rom. 6:3–4; Gal. 3:26–27; 1 Peter 3:21.

    Acts 2:38–42 38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you⁺ and to your⁺ children and to all those at a distance, as many as the Lord our God shall summon.” 40 And he earnestly testified many other words and was exhorting them, saying, “Be saved from this crooked generation.” 41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added. 42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

    Acts 22:16 And now, why do you delay? Having arisen, be baptized and wash away your sins, having called on His name.’

    Rom. 6:3–4 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life.

    Gal. 3:26–27 26 For you⁺ are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

    1 Peter 3:21 which also corresponds to the baptism now saving you⁺, not a putting away of the filth of flesh, but the demand of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 16512 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 28: Of Baptism9 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1676 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1625 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 27: Of the Sacraments5 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 29: Of Baptism5 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 95

Q. To whom is baptism to be administered?

A. Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him; but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 2:41; Acts 8:12, 36, 38; Acts 18:8.

    Acts 2:41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added.

    Acts 8:12, 36, 38 12 But when they believed Philip proclaiming the gospel concerning the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. 36 And as they were going along the road, they came upon some water, and the eunuch says, “Behold, water! What prevents my being baptized?” 38 And he commanded the chariot to stop. And they both went down to the water—both Philip and the eunuch—and he baptized him.

    Acts 18:8 And Crispus, the synagogue ruler, believed in the Lord with all his house, and many of the Corinthians hearing believed and were baptized.

  • Gen. 17:7, 9–11; Acts 2:38–39; Acts 16:32–33; Col. 2:11–12.

    Gen. 17:7, 9–11 7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you. 9 And God said to Abraham, “And as for you, you shall keep My covenant—you and your seed after you, throughout their generations. 10 This [is] My covenant, which you⁺ shall keep between Me, and between you⁺, and between your seed after you: Every male child among you⁺ shall be circumcised. 11 And you⁺ shall be circumcised in the flesh of your⁺ foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and between you⁺.

    Acts 2:38–39 38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you⁺ and to your⁺ children and to all those at a distance, as many as the Lord our God shall summon.”

    Acts 16:32–33 32 And they spoke the word of the Lord to him, along with all those in his house. 33 And having taken them in that hour of the night, he washed [them] from the wounds, and immediately he was baptized, and all his [own].

    Col. 2:11–12 11 in whom also you⁺ were circumcised with the circumcision done without hands in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 28: Of Baptism12 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16610 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 748 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 25: Of the Church7 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 27: Of the Sacraments5 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 344 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 96

Q. What is the Lord's Supper?

A. The Lord's Supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.

Scripture proofs
  • Luke 22:19–20; 1 Cor. 11:23–26.

    Luke 22:19–20 19 And having taken the bread, having given thanks, He broke [it] and gave to them, saying, “This is My body, which is given for you⁺; do this in remembrance of Me,” 20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

    1 Cor. 11:23–26 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

  • 1 Cor. 10:16–17.

    1 Cor. 10:16–17 16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ? 17 Because [there is] one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 29: Of the Lord's Supper8 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1628 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1687 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 27: Of the Sacraments7 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 30: Of the Lord's Supper6 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 776 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 97

Q. What is required for the worthy receiving of the Lord's Supper?

A. It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body, of their faith to feed upon him, of their repentance, love, and new obedience; lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 11:27–32.

    1 Cor. 11:27–32 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself. 30 Because of this, many [are] weak and sick among you⁺, and many are fallen asleep. 31 For if we were discerning of ourselves, we would not be being judged. 32 But being judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we should not be condemned with the world.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 816 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 826 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1736 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 30: Of Church Censures6 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1084 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1713 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Question 98

Q. What is prayer?

A. Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God, for things agreeable to his will, in the name of Christ, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 10:17; Ps. 62:8; Matt. 7:7–8.

    Ps. 10:17 The desire of the afflicted ones You have heard, O YHWH; You will make firm their hearts; You will incline Your ear,

    Ps. 62:8 Trust in Him at all times, O people; pour out your⁺ heart before Him; God [is] [is] a refuge for us. Selah

    Matt. 7:7–8 7 Ask, and it will be given to you⁺; seek, and you⁺ will find; knock, and it will be opened to you⁺. 8 For everyone asking receives; and the one seeking finds; and to the one knocking, it will be opened.

  • 1 John 5:14.

    1 John 5:14 And this is the confidence that we have toward Him, that if we may ask anything according to His will, He hears us.

  • John 16:23–24.

    John 16:23–24 23 And in that day you⁺ will ask of Me nothing. Truly, truly, I say to you⁺, whatever you⁺ may ask the Father in My name, He will give you⁺. 24 Until now you⁺ have asked nothing in My name. Ask and you⁺ will receive, so that your⁺ joy may be full.

  • Ps. 32:5–6; Dan. 9:4–19; 1 John 1:9.

    Ps. 32:5–6 5 I made known to You my sin, and my iniquity I did not hide; I said, “I will make confession over my transgressions to YHWH,” and You forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah 6 upon thus, let every godly one pray to You, in a time to find; even with a flood of great waters toward him, they shall not touch him.

    Dan. 9:4–19 4 And I prayed to YHWH my God, and I made confession and said: “O Lord God, the great and fearsome One, the One keeping the covenant and the loving devotion to those loving Him and those keeping His commandments. 5 We have sinned and we have done wrong, and we have been wicked and we have rebelled and turned aside from Your precepts and Your ordinances. 6 And we have not listened to Your servants the prophets, those who spoke in Your name to our kings, and our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. 7 Unto You, O Lord, [is] the righteousness, and unto us [is] shame of face, as [on] this day, to the men of Judah, and to those dwelling in Jerusalem, and to all of Israel—those near, and those far off—in all the lands to which You have driven them there because of their unfaithfulness with which they were unfaithful to You! 8 O YHWH, unto us [is] shame of face—to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers—because we have sinned against You. 9 Unto the Lord our God [are] compassion and forgiveness, though we have rebelled against Him, 10 and we did not listen to the voice of YHWH our God, to walk in His laws that He gave before our faces by the hand of His servants the prophets. 11 And all Israel has transgressed Your law, turning aside not to listen to Your voice. And has been poured out on us the oath and the curse that is written in the Law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against Him. 12 And He has made stand His word, which He spoke against us and against our judges who judged us, by bringing upon us great calamity—which has not been done under all the heavens, like what has been done to Jerusalem. 13 As it is written in the Law of Moses, all this calamity has come upon us, we have pleaded and not before the face of YHWH our God, to turn back from our iniquity, and to gain discernment of Your truth. 14 And YHWH has kept watch over the calamity, and has brought it upon us, for righteous [is] YHWH our God in all His deeds that He does, and we have not listened to His voice. 15 And now, O Lord our God, who brought out Your people from the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and made for Yourself a name as [on] this day, we have sinned; we have acted wickedly. 16 O Lord, according to all Your righteousness, let be turned back, please, Your anger and Your fury from Your city Jerusalem, the mountain of Your holiness! For because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and Your people [are] a reproach to all around us. 17 And now, listen, our God, to the prayer of Your servant and to his supplications, and cause to shine Your face on Your sanctuary that [is] desolate—for the sake of the Lord! 18 Incline, O my God, Your ear, and hear; open Your eyes, and see our desolations and the city upon which Your name is called. For [it is] not because of our righteous acts [that] we are letting fall our supplications before Your face, but because of Your many mercies. 19 O Lord, may You hear! O Lord, may You forgive! O Lord, may You be attentive and act! Do not delay, for Your sake, O my God, for Your name is called upon Your city and upon Your people!”

    1 John 1:9 If we should confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous, that He may forgive us [our] sins and may cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

  • Ps. 103:1–5; Ps. 136; Phil. 4:6.

    Ps. 103:1–5 1 Of David. Bless, O my soul, YHWH, and all within me—His holy name! 2 O my soul, bless YHWH, and do not forget all His benefits— 3 the One forgiving all your iniquities, the One healing all your diseases, 4 the One redeeming your life from destruction, the One crowning you with loving devotion and compassion, 5 the One filling your beauty with the good; your youth is renewed like the eagle.

    Phil. 4:6 Be anxious about nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your⁺ requests be made known to God.

    Psalm 136 on BibleHub ↗

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 17830 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1969 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1177 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1944 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1803 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 99

Q. What rule hath God given for our direction in prayer?

A. The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in prayer; but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called the Lord's Prayer.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 John 5:14.

    1 John 5:14 And this is the confidence that we have toward Him, that if we may ask anything according to His will, He hears us.

  • Matt. 6:9–13.

    Matt. 6:9–13 9 Therefore pray you⁺ this way: ‘Our Father who [is] in the heavens, hallowed be Your name. 10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done, as in heaven, also upon earth. 11 Give us today our necessary bread. 12 And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. 13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.’

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1866 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1195 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 14: Of Repentance, and the Conversion of Man2 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1842 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 100

Q. What doth the preface of the Lord's Prayer teach us?

A. The preface of the Lord's Prayer, which is, Our Father which art in heaven, teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, able and ready to help us; and that we should pray with and for others.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 95:6.

    Ps. 95:6 O come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the face of YHWH our Maker!

  • Eph. 3:12.

    Eph. 3:12 in whom we have boldness and access in confidence through the faith from Him.

  • Matt. 7:9–11 (cf. Luke 11:11–13); Rom. 8:15.

    Matt. 7:9–11 9 Or which man is of you⁺ who, [if] his son will ask for bread, will give to him a stone, 10 or also, [if] he will ask for a fish, will give to him a serpent? 11 Therefore if you⁺, being evil, know to give good gifts to your⁺ children, how much more will your⁺ Father who [is] in the heavens give good things to those asking Him!

    Luke 11:11–13 11 And which father of you⁺, [if] the son will ask for a fish, instead of even a fish, will give to him a serpent? 12 Or also, [if] he will ask for an egg, will give to him a scorpion? 13 Therefore if you⁺, being evil, know to give good gifts to your⁺ children, how much more will the Father who [is] from heaven give the Holy Spirit to those asking Him!”

    Rom. 8:15 For you⁺ did not receive a spirit of slavery again unto fear, but you⁺ received the Spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, “Abba! Father!”

  • Eph. 3:20.

    Eph. 3:20 Now to the One being able to do exceedingly above all things that we ask or think, according to the power that [is] working in us,

  • Eph. 6:18; 1 Tim. 2:1–2.

    Eph. 6:18 through all prayer and supplication, praying in the Spirit in every season and unto this very thing, staying awake with all perseverance and supplication for all the saints,

    1 Tim. 2:1–2 1 I exhort, therefore, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, [and] thanksgivings to be made for all men, 2 for kings and all those being in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity.

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 1206 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1895 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1914 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day4 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 264 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 101

Q. What do we pray for in the first petition?

A. In the first petition, which is, Hallowed be thy name, we pray that God would enable us, and others, to glorify him in all that whereby he maketh himself known; and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 67:1–3; Ps. 99:3; Ps. 100:3–4.

    Ps. 67:1–3 1 For the one directing. On stringed instruments. A Psalm. A Song. May God be gracious to us and bless us, [and] cause His face to shine upon us, Selah 2 for the knowing of Your way on the earth, Your salvation among all nations. 3 May the peoples praise You, O God; may the peoples praise You—all of them.

    Ps. 99:3 Let them praise Your great and awesome name! Holy [is] He!

    Ps. 100:3–4 3 Know that YHWH, He [is] God; He has made us and not we ourselves; [we are] His people and the sheep of His pasture. 4 Enter His gates with thanksgiving, His courts with praise; give thanks to Him; bless His name!

  • Rom. 11:33–36; Rev. 4:11.

    Rom. 11:33–36 33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways! 34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?” 35 Or “who first gave to Him, and it will be given back to him?” 36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 19011 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1224 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head, Article 18: The Proper Attitude toward Election and Reprobation4 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity4 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 74 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1913 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Question 102

Q. What do we pray for in the second petition?

A. In the second petition, which is, Thy kingdom come, we pray that Satan's kingdom may be destroyed; and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced, ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it; and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 12:25–28; Rom. 16:20; 1 John 3:8.

    Matt. 12:25–28 25 And knowing their thoughts, He said to them, “Every kingdom having been divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house having been divided against itself will not stand. 26 And if Satan casts out Satan, he was divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27 And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your⁺ sons cast [them] out? Because of this, they will be your⁺ judges. 28 But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you⁺.

    Rom. 16:20 And the God of peace will crush Satan under your⁺ feet in quickness. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with you⁺.

    1 John 3:8 The one doing sin is of the devil, because the devil is sinning from the beginning. For this the Son of God was made manifest, so that He might destroy the works of the devil.

  • Ps. 72:8–11; Matt. 24:14; 1 Cor. 15:24–25.

    Ps. 72:8–11 8 And he will rule from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth. 9 Before him the desert dwellers will bow down, and his enemies will lick the dust. 10 The kings of Tarshish and the isles will return a gift; the kings of Sheba and Seba will bring near a gift. 11 And all kings will bow low before him; all nations will serve him!

    Matt. 24:14 And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed in the whole world for a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come.

    1 Cor. 15:24–25 24 then the end, when He shall deliver the kingdom to God, even the Father, when He shall have made null all rule and all authority and power. 25 For it is necessary for Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet.

  • Ps. 119:5; Luke 22:32; 2 Thess. 3:1–5.

    Ps. 119:5 Oh, that my ways were set firm to keep Your statutes!

    Luke 22:32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    2 Thess. 3:1–5 1 Finally, brothers, pray for us that the word of the Lord may run and may be glorified, just as also with you⁺, 2 and that we may be delivered from perverse and evil men; for the faith [is] not unto all. 3 But faithful is the Lord, who will strengthen you⁺ and guard [you] from the evil one. 4 And we are persuaded in the Lord as to you⁺, that both you⁺ are doing and you⁺ will do what we command. 5 And may the Lord direct your⁺ hearts into the love of God and into the perseverance of Christ.

  • Rev. 22:20.

    Rev. 22:20 The One testifying these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

Parallel passages (6+)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 1234 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1952 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1912 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 12 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints2 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1921 shared proof text · 2 shared topics

Question 103

Q. What do we pray for in the third petition?

A. In the third petition, which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven, we pray that God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things, as the angels do in heaven.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 19:14; Ps. 119; 1 Thess. 5:23; Heb. 13:20–21.

    Ps. 19:14 The words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart, let them be for favor before Your face, O YHWH, my Rock and my Redeemer.

    1 Thess. 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you⁺ completely, and may your⁺ entire spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    Heb. 13:20–21 20 Now [may] the God of peace, the One having brought up out from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, by the blood of the eternal covenant, 21 equip you⁺ in everything good in order to do His will, doing in us that which [is] well pleasing before Him, through Jesus Christ, to whom [be] the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen.

    Psalm 119 on BibleHub ↗

  • Ps. 103:20–21; Heb. 1:14.

    Ps. 103:20–21 20 Bless YHWH, His angels, mighty of strength, doing His word, to listen to the voice of His word. 21 Bless YHWH, all His hosts, His ministering ones doing His pleasure.

    Heb. 1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits being sent forth for service for the sake of those being about to inherit salvation?

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1926 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1953 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1242 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 162 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 192 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works2 shared proof texts

Question 104

Q. What do we pray for in the fourth petition?

A. In the fourth petition, which is, Give us this day our daily bread, we pray that of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.

Scripture proofs
  • Prov. 30:8–9; Matt. 6:31–34; Phil. 4:11, 19; 1 Tim. 6:6–8.

    Prov. 30:8–9 8 Put vanity and the word of a lie far away from me; do not give poverty or wealth to me; provide me the bread of my portion, 9 lest I become satisfied and I deny and say, ‘Who [is] YHWH?’ And lest I become dispossessed and steal, and I seize the name of my God.

    Matt. 6:31–34 31 Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘[With] what shall we be clothed?’ 32 For the nations seek after all these things. For your⁺ heavenly Father knows that you⁺ have need of all of these. 33 But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you⁺. 34 Therefore do not be anxious for tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient to the day [is] its evil.[]

    Phil. 4:11, 19 11 Not that I speak according to deficiency, for I have learned to be content in that which I am. 19 And my God will fill all your⁺ need according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus.

    1 Tim. 6:6–8 6 But godliness with contentment is a means of great gain. 7 For we brought nothing into the world, because neither are we able to bring out anything. 8 But having sustenance and coverings, with these we will be content.

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Question 105

Q. What do we pray for in the fifth petition?

A. In the fifth petition, which is, And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors, we pray that God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins; which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 51:1–2, 7, 9; Dan. 9:17–19; 1 John 1:7.

    Ps. 51:1–2, 7, 9 1 For the one directing. A Psalm of David, in the coming of Nathan the prophet to him after that he had gone in to Bathsheba. Have mercy on me O God, according to Your loving devotion; according to the abundance of Your compassion, wipe out my transgressions. 2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. 7 Cleanse my sin with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow. 9 May You hide Your face from my sins, and wipe out all my iniquities.

    Dan. 9:17–19 17 And now, listen, our God, to the prayer of Your servant and to his supplications, and cause to shine Your face on Your sanctuary that [is] desolate—for the sake of the Lord! 18 Incline, O my God, Your ear, and hear; open Your eyes, and see our desolations and the city upon which Your name is called. For [it is] not because of our righteous acts [that] we are letting fall our supplications before Your face, but because of Your many mercies. 19 O Lord, may You hear! O Lord, may You forgive! O Lord, may You be attentive and act! Do not delay, for Your sake, O my God, for Your name is called upon Your city and upon Your people!”

    1 John 1:7 But if we should walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

  • Matt. 18:21–35; Eph. 4:32; Col. 3:13.

    Matt. 18:21–35 21 Then, having come, Peter said to Him, “Lord, how often will my brother sin against me, and I will forgive him? Up to seven times?” 22 Jesus says to him, “I do not say to you, up to seven times, but up to seventy-seven times! 23 Because of this, the kingdom of the heavens was likened to to a man, a king, who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. 24 And [on] his having begun to settle, one was brought to him, a debtor of ten thousand talents. 25 And [on] his having nothing to repay, the master commanded him to be sold—and the wife and the children and all of whatever he had—and repayment to be made. 26 Therefore the servant, having fallen down, was bowing on his knees to him, saying, ‘Have patience with me, and I will repay all to you.’ 27 And having been moved with compassion, the master of that servant released him and forgave him the debt. 28 But having gone out, that servant found one of his fellow servants who was owing him a hundred denarii. And having seized him, he was choking [him], saying, ‘Repay what you owe!’ 29 Therefore, having fallen down, his fellow servant was calling on him, saying, ‘Have patience with me, and I will repay you.’ 30 But he was not willing. Rather, having gone, he cast him into prison until he should repay what was owed. 31 Therefore his fellow servants, having seen the things having happened, were deeply grieved, and having gone, they made clear to their master all the things having happened. 32 Then, having summoned him, his master says to him, ‘Evil servant! I forgave you all that debt because you called on me. 33 Was it not necessary for you also to have had mercy on your fellow servant, as I also had mercy on you?’ 34 And having become angry, his master delivered him to the tormenters until he should repay everything being owed to him. 35 Thus also My heavenly Father will do to you⁺ unless each of you⁺ should forgive his brother from your⁺ hearts.”

    Eph. 4:32 And be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving each other, just as also God in Christ forgave you⁺.

    Col. 3:13 bearing with one another and forgiving each other, if anyone may have a complaint toward another. Just as also the Lord forgave you⁺, so also you⁺.

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Question 106

Q. What do we pray for in the sixth petition?

A. In the sixth petition, which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, we pray that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin, or support and deliver us when we are tempted.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 19:13; Matt. 26:41; John 17:15.

    Ps. 19:13 Also, hold back Your servant from proud [things]; may they not rule over me. Then I shall be complete, and cleansed of great transgression.

    Matt. 26:41 Watch and pray so that you⁺ might not enter into temptation. the spirit indeed [is] willing, but the flesh weak.”

    John 17:15 I do not ask that You would take them out of the world, but that You would keep them from evil.

  • Luke 22:31–32; 1 Cor. 10:13; 2 Cor. 12:7–9; Heb. 2:18.

    Luke 22:31–32 31 Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked for all of you⁺ to sift like wheat. 32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    1 Cor. 10:13 No temptation has overtaken you⁺ except [what is] human. And faithful [is] God, who will not allow you⁺ to be tempted beyond what you⁺ are able, but He will also provide with the temptation the escape, to be able to bear up under [it].

    2 Cor. 12:7–9 7 and the surpassingness of the revelations. Therefore, so that I should not be over-exalted, a thorn in [my] flesh was given to me, a messenger of Satan, that he might buffet me, so that I should not be over-exalted. 8 Three times I entreated the Lord for this, that it might depart from me. 9 And He has said to me, “My grace suffices for you, for the power is perfected in weakness.” Most gladly, therefore, rather, I will boast in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me.

    Heb. 2:18 For in that He Himself has suffered, having been tempted, He is able to help those being tempted.

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Question 107

Q. What doth the conclusion of the Lord's Prayer teach us?

A. The conclusion of the Lord's Prayer, which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen, teacheth us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only, and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him; and, in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard, we say, Amen.

Scripture proofs
  • Dan. 9:4, 7–9, 16–19; Luke 18:1, 7–8.

    Dan. 9:4, 7–9, 16–19 4 And I prayed to YHWH my God, and I made confession and said: “O Lord God, the great and fearsome One, the One keeping the covenant and the loving devotion to those loving Him and those keeping His commandments. 7 Unto You, O Lord, [is] the righteousness, and unto us [is] shame of face, as [on] this day, to the men of Judah, and to those dwelling in Jerusalem, and to all of Israel—those near, and those far off—in all the lands to which You have driven them there because of their unfaithfulness with which they were unfaithful to You! 8 O YHWH, unto us [is] shame of face—to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers—because we have sinned against You. 9 Unto the Lord our God [are] compassion and forgiveness, though we have rebelled against Him, 16 O Lord, according to all Your righteousness, let be turned back, please, Your anger and Your fury from Your city Jerusalem, the mountain of Your holiness! For because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and Your people [are] a reproach to all around us. 17 And now, listen, our God, to the prayer of Your servant and to his supplications, and cause to shine Your face on Your sanctuary that [is] desolate—for the sake of the Lord! 18 Incline, O my God, Your ear, and hear; open Your eyes, and see our desolations and the city upon which Your name is called. For [it is] not because of our righteous acts [that] we are letting fall our supplications before Your face, but because of Your many mercies. 19 O Lord, may You hear! O Lord, may You forgive! O Lord, may You be attentive and act! Do not delay, for Your sake, O my God, for Your name is called upon Your city and upon Your people!”

    Luke 18:1, 7–8 1 And He was speaking a parable to them that it is necessary for them always to pray and not to grow fainthearted, 7 And shall not God execute the avenging of His chosen—the ones crying out to Him day and night—and be deferring in regard to them? 8 I say to you⁺ that He will execute their avenging in quickness. Nevertheless, the Son of Man having come, will He find the faith on the earth?”

  • 1 Chron. 29:10–13; 1 Tim. 1:17; Rev. 5:11–13.

    1 Chron. 29:10–13 10 And David blessed YHWH before all the assembly, and David said, “Blessed are You, O YHWH, God of Israel, our Father, from forever and even to forever. 11 To You, O YHWH, [is] the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty, because of everything in the heavens and on earth. To You, O YHWH, [is] the kingdom, and You are exalted over all as head. 12 And the riches and the honor [are] from before You, and You reign over all, and in Your hand [is] power and might, and in Your hand [is] to exalt and to give strength to all. 13 And now, our God, we thank You and praise Your glorious name.

    1 Tim. 1:17 Now to the King of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory to the ages of the ages! Amen.

    Rev. 5:11–13 11 And I saw, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne, and of the living creatures, and of the elders; and their number was myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, 12 saying in a loud voice: “Worthy is the Lamb having been slain to receive the power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing!” 13 And I heard every creature that is in heaven and upon the earth and under the earth and on the sea, and everything in them, saying: “To the One sitting on the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing and honor and glory and might to the ages of the ages!”

  • 1 Cor. 14:16; Rev. 22:20.

    1 Cor. 14:16 Otherwise, if you bless with the spirit, how will the one filling up the place of the uninstructed say the “Amen” to your thanksgiving, since he does not know what you say?

    Rev. 22:20 The One testifying these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

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