Reformed Confessions & Catechisms

1st Commandment (No Other Gods)

14 passages across 5 documents address 1st Commandment (No Other Gods). The full text of each is below.

About this doctrine

I. The Precept and Its Sum

"The Decalogue, which is the foundation of the moral and religious code of Christianity, as well as of Judaism, has as its first and greatest commandment, 'Thou shalt have no other God before me.'" [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]

"The first commandment, then, is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me." "The end of this commandment is the immediate internal worship of God; which is, that we acknowledge the only true God revealed in the church, and render unto him, with all our heart, soul and mind, such honor as is due him." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]

"The purport of this commandment is, that the Lord will have himself alone to be exalted in his people, and claims the entire possession of them as his own." "That it may be so, he orders us to abstain from ungodliness and superstition of every kind, by which the glory of his divinity is diminished or obscured; and, for the same reason, he requires us to worship and adore him with truly pious zeal." [John Calvin - Institutes]

II. What Is Enjoined: Sincere Knowledge and Devotion

"The first commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God, and to worship and glorify him accordingly." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]

"To have God, is to know and acknowledge that he is God, that he is one, that he is such an one as he has revealed himself in the church, and that he is also such a God to us: then it is to trust in him alone, with the greatest humility and patience—to submit ourselves to him with fear and reverence—to love him and to expect all good things from him alone." "The knowledge of God includes such a conception of the being and character of God as agrees with the revelation he has been pleased to make of himself in his works and word, and to be moved and stirred by this knowledge to trust, love, fear, and worship this one true God..." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]

"We must be persuaded not only that as he once formed the world, so he sustains it by his boundless power, governs it by his wisdom, preserves it by his goodness, in particular, rules the human race with justice and judgement, bears with them in mercy, shields them by his protection; but also that not a particle of light, or wisdom, or justice, or power, or rectitude, or genuine truth, will anywhere be found, which does not flow from him, and of which he is not the cause; in this way we must learn to expect and ask all things from him, and thankfully ascribe to him whatever we receive." "The duties which we owe to God are innumerable, but they seem to admit of being not improperly reduced to four heads: Adoration, with its accessory spiritual submission of conscience, Trust, Invocation, Thanksgiving." [John Calvin - Institutes]

"According to this method, the parts of the obedience required by the first commandment consist of seven in number: the knowledge of God, faith, hope, the love of God, the fear of God, humility, and patience." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]

III. What Is Forbidden: Atheism, Idolatry, and False Opinions

"The first commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshipping and glorifying the true God as God, and our God, and the giving of that worship and glory to any other which is due to him alone." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]

"The second or negative aspect of the command is the condemnation of the failure to recognize Jehovah as the true God; failing to believe in his existence and attributes, in his government and authority; failing to confess him before men; and failing to render him the inward reverence and the outward homage which are his due..." "It is, therefore, a violation of this commandment either to fail in the full and sincere recognition of God as God, or to give to any creature the place in our confidence and love due to God alone." [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]

"Another god is any and every thing to which we may attribute the properties, attributes and works of the true God, even though the thing itself does not possess them, and even though they are inconsistent with its nature." "Ignorance of those things which God will have known by us concerning himself, revealed to the church in his word and works both of creation and redemption, is, therefore, here condemned in the first commandment of the Decalogue." "So, likewise, there is here a condemnation of the errors of those who imagine that there is no God, as the Epicureans, or that there are many gods, as do the heathen, the Manichæans, and those who offer prayers to the angels, the spirits of the departed, or other creatures." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]

"Any opinion which man can form in heavenly mysteries, though it may not beget a long train of errors, is still the parent of error." "And though nothing worse should happen, even this is no light sin - to worship an unknown God at random." [John Calvin - Institutes]

IV. The Solemnity of "Before Me"

"Before me, or in my sight, as if he would say: Thou shalt have no other gods, not only in thy words and actions in the sight of men; but thou shalt have none beside me in the secret chamber of thy heart, for nothing is concealed from my view;—I am the searcher of hearts, and the trier of the reins of the children of men, and all things are naked and open to my view." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]

"The words, 'before me,' go to increase the indignity, God being provoked to jealousy whenever we substitute our fictions in his stead; just as an unfaithful wife stings her husband's heart more deeply when her adultery is committed openly before his eyes." "Therefore, God having by his present power and grace declared that he had respect to the people whom he had chosen, now, in order to deter them from the wickedness of revolt, warns them that they cannot adopt strange gods without his being witness and spectator of the sacrilege." [John Calvin - Institutes]

"These words, 'Before me,' in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other god." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]

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Question 92

Q. What is God's law?

A. God spoke all these words: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. I. You shall have no other gods before me. II. You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and fourth generation of those who reject me, but showing love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments. III. You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not acquit anyone who misuses his name. IV. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work. But the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall not do any work— you, your son or your daughter, your male or female servant, your livestock, or the alien resident in your towns. For in six days the Lord made the heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and consecrated it. V. Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving to you. VI. You shall not murder. VII. You shall not commit adultery. VIII. You shall not steal. IX. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. X. You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or male or female servant, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:1–17; Deut. 5:6–21.

    Ex. 20:1–17 1 And God spoke all these words, saying, 2 “I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 You shall have no other gods before My face. 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the waters under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them; for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons on the third and on the fourth for those who hate Me, 6 and showing loving devotion to thousands for those who love Me and for those who keep My commandments. 7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain. 8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it. 9 Six days you shall labor and you shall do all your work, 10 and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, your manservant, and your maidservant, and your livestock, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates. 11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it. 12 Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long upon the land that YHWH your God is giving to you. 13 You shall not murder. 14 You shall not commit adultery. 15 You shall not steal. 16 You shall not answer against your neighbor [as] a false witness. 17 You shall not covet the house of your neighbor; you shall not covet the wife of your neighbor, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”

    Deut. 5:6–21 6 “I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 7 You shall have no other gods before Me. 8 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the water beneath the earth. 9 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them, for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the sons and on the third and fourth of those hating Me, 10 and showing loving devotion to thousands, to those loving Me and keeping My commandments. 11 You shall not lift up the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who lifts up His name in vain. 12 Observe the day of the Sabbath, to keep it holy, as YHWH your God has commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 and the seventh day [is] the Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, and your manservant, and your maidservant, and your ox, and your donkey, and any of your cattle, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates—that your manservant and your maidservant may rest like you. 15 And remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and YHWH your God brought you out from there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm. Upon thus YHWH your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day. 16 Honor your father and your mother, as YHWH your God has commanded you, that your days may be long, that it may be well with you in the land that YHWH your God is giving to you. 17 You shall not murder. 18 And you shall not commit adultery. 19 And you shall not steal. 20 And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 21 And you shall not covet the wife of your neighbor, and you shall not covet the house of your neighbor, his field, and his manservant, and his maidservant, his ox, and his donkey, and anything that [is] unto your neighbor.”

Parallel passages (6+)Second Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God33 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God15 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 578 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1158 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day7 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 496 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 94

Q. What does the Lord require in the first commandment?

A. That I, not wanting to endanger my own salvation, avoid and shun all idolatry, sorcery, superstitious rites, and prayer to saints or to other creatures. That I rightly know the only true God, trust him alone, and look to God for every good thing humbly and patiently, and love, fear, and honor him with all my heart. In short, that I renounce all created things rather than go against God's will in any way.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 6:9–10; 10:5–14; 1 John 5:21.

    1 Cor. 6:9–10 9 Or do you⁺ not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be led astray: neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor coveters, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

    10:5–14 5 But God was not well pleased in most of them, for they were strewn in the wilderness. 6 Now these things became types of us, for us not to be desirers of evil things, as those also desired. 7 And do not become idolaters, as some of them, just as it has been written: “The people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.” 8 And we should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them committed sexual immorality, and twenty-three thousand fell in one day. 9 And we should not test Christ, as some of them tested, and were destroyed by serpents. 10 And do not grumble, as some of them grumbled, and were destroyed by the destroyer. 11 Now these things happened to those [as] types and were written for our admonition, to whom the ends of the ages have come. 12 Therefore the one thinking to stand, let him observe, lest he fall. 13 No temptation has overtaken you⁺ except [what is] human. And faithful [is] God, who will not allow you⁺ to be tempted beyond what you⁺ are able, but He will also provide with the temptation the escape, to be able to bear up under [it]. 14 Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.

    1 John 5:21 Little children, guard yourselves from idols.

  • Lev. 19:31; Deut. 18:9–12.

    Lev. 19:31 You⁺ shall not turn to the mediums and to the spiritists; you⁺ shall not seek after them to be defiled by them. I [am] YHWH your⁺ God.

    Deut. 18:9–12 9 When you come into the land that YHWH your God is giving to you, you shall not learn to follow the abominations of these nations. 10 There shall not be found among you one who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, a user of divinations, a soothsayer, or a diviner, or a sorcerer, 11 or one who conjures spells or consults a medium, or a spiritist, or a seeker of the dead. 12 For an abomination to YHWH [is] everyone doing these things, and because of these abominations YHWH your God is driving them out from before you.

  • Matt. 4:10; Rev. 19:10; 22:8–9.

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Rev. 19:10 And I fell before his feet to worship him. And he says to me, “See, no! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers, those having the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

    22:8–9 8 And I, John, [am] the one hearing and seeing these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell to worship before the feet of the angel showing me these things. 9 And he says to me, “See, no! I am your fellow servant, and of your brothers the prophets, and of those keeping the words of this book. Worship God!”

  • John 17:3.

    John 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You sent.

  • Jer. 17:5, 7.

    Jer. 17:5, 7 5 Thus says YHWH: “Cursed is the man who trusts in mankind and makes flesh his arm and turns away his heart from YHWH. 7 Blessed [is] the man who trusts in YHWH, and his hope is YHWH.

  • Ps. 104:27–28; James 1:17.

    Ps. 104:27–28 27 All of them look to You, to give their food, in its season. 28 You give to them, [and] they gather in; You open Your hand, [and] they are satisfied [with] good.

    James 1:17 Every good act of giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning.

  • 1 Peter 5:5–6.

    1 Peter 5:5–6 5 Likewise, younger ones, be subject to [your] elders. And all, gird on humility to one another, because, “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.” 6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, so that He may exalt you⁺ in due time,

  • Col. 1:11; Heb. 10:36.

    Col. 1:11 being empowered with all power according to the power of His glory unto all endurance and patience, with joy

    Heb. 10:36 For you⁺ have need of perseverance, so that, having done the will of God, you⁺ may receive the promise.

  • Matt. 22:37 (Deut. 6:5).

    Matt. 22:37 And He said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’

    Deut. 6:5 And you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.

  • Prov. 9:10; 1 Peter 1:17.

    Prov. 9:10 The beginning of wisdom [is] the fear of YHWH, and knowledge of the Holy One [is] understanding.

    1 Peter 1:17 And if you⁺ call on [as] Father the One judging impartially according to the work of each, conduct yourselves in fear in the time of your⁺ sojourn,

  • Matt. 4:10 (Deut. 6:13).

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Deut. 6:13 YHWH your God you shall fear, and Him you shall serve, and by His name you shall swear.

  • Matt. 5:29–30; 10:37–39.

    Matt. 5:29–30 29 Now if your right eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and cast [it] from you. For it is better for you that one of your members should perish and not [that] your whole body should be cast into Gehenna. 30 And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and cast [it] from you. For it is better for you that one of your members should perish and not [that] your whole body should go away into Gehenna.

    10:37–39 37 The one loving father or mother above Me is not worthy of Me, and the one loving son or daughter above Me is not worthy of Me. 38 And whoever does not take his cross and follow after Me is not worthy of Me. 39 The one having found his life will lose it, and the one having lost his life on account of Me will find it.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day6 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 994 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1053 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 4: Of Idols or Images of God, of Christ, and of Saints3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1743 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture3 shared proof texts

Question 95

Q. What is idolatry?

A. Idolatry is having or inventing something in which one trusts in place of or alongside of the only true God, who has revealed himself in his Word.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Chron. 16:26; Gal. 4:8–9; Eph. 5:5; Phil. 3:19.

    1 Chron. 16:26 For all the gods of the peoples [are] nothing, and YHWH made the heavens.

    Gal. 4:8–9 8 But then, indeed, not knowing God, you⁺ were in slavery to those by nature not being gods. 9 But now, having known God, but rather having been known by God, how do you⁺ turn again to the weak and poor elements, to which you⁺ want to be in slavery again anew?

    Eph. 5:5 For this you⁺ know, realizing that every sexually immoral person, or impure person, or covetous person (who is an idolater), has no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.

    Phil. 3:19 whose end [is] destruction, whose god [is] the belly and [their] glory [is] in their shame, those minding earthly things.

Parallel passages (3)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1091 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience1 shared proof textWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1391 shared proof text

Question 45

Q. Which is the first commandment?

A. The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:3; Deut. 5:7.

    Ex. 20:3 You shall have no other gods before My face.

    Deut. 5:7 You shall have no other gods before Me.

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1032 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity1 shared proof text

Question 46

Q. What is required in the first commandment?

A. The first commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Chron. 28:9; Isa. 45:20–25; Matt. 4:10.

    1 Chron. 28:9 And as for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind, for YHWH searches all hearts, and He understands all the intent of thoughts. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will cast you off forever.

    Isa. 45:20–25 20 Assemble yourselves and come, draw near together, O fugitives of the nations! They do not know [it], those carrying the wood of their idol and praying to a god [that] cannot save. 21 Declare [it] and approach, even let them take counsel together: Who has reported this from of old, from that time having declared it? Is it not I, YHWH? And [there is] no other God besides Me, and a righteous God bringing salvation [there is] none besides Me. 22 Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I [am] God, and there is no other. 23 By Myself I have sworn, righteousness has gone forth from My mouth, a word that not will turn back; indeed, before Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear. 24 ‘Only in YHWH—of Me He said—[are] righteousness and strength!’” They will come to Him and will be ashamed, all those raging against Him. 25 In YHWH all the seed of Israel will be justified and will glory.

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1043 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1792 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 82 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1051 shared proof text · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1061 shared proof text · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 941 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 47

Q. What is forbidden in the first commandment?

A. The first commandment forbiddeth the denying, or not worshiping and glorifying, the true God as God, and our God; and the giving of that worship and glory to any other, which is due to him alone.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 14:1.

    Ps. 14:1 For the one directing. Of David. The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; they have done abominable deeds; there is no one doing good.

  • Rom. 1:20–21.

    Rom. 1:20–21 20 For from the creation of the world His invisible [qualities], both His eternal power and divinity, are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, for them to be without excuse. 21 For having known God, not as God did they glorify [Him], or give thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their foolish heart was darkened.

  • Ps. 81:10–11.

    Ps. 81:10–11 10 I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt; open wide your mouth, and I will fill it. 11 My people would not listen to My voice, and Israel has not consented to Me.

  • Ezek. 8:16–18; Rom. 1:25.

    Ezek. 8:16–18 16 And He brought me into the inner court of the house of YHWH, and behold, at the opening of the temple of YHWH, between the porch and between the altar, [were] about twenty-five men with their backs toward the temple of YHWH and [with] their faces toward the east; and they were worshiping eastward to the sun. 17 And He said to me: “Have you seen, son of man? Is it a light thing for the house of Judah to do the abominations that they do here, that they should fill the land [with] violence and turn back to provoke Me to anger? For behold, they are sending the branch to their nose! 18 I also will act in fury. My eye will not show pity, and I will not have pity, and though they cry into My ears [in] a great voice, not at all will I hear them!”

    Rom. 1:25 who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the One having created, who is blessed to the ages! Amen.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1055 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day2 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1092 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works2 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence2 shared proof texts

Question 48

Q. What are we specially taught by these words, before me, in the first commandment?

A. These words, before me, in the first commandment teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 30:17–18; Ps. 44:20–21; Ezek. 8:12.

    Deut. 30:17–18 17 But if your heart turns away, so that you do not listen, and are drawn away, and worship other gods and serve them, 18 I declare to you⁺ today that you⁺ will surely perish; you⁺ will not prolong [your] days in the land that you are passing over the Jordan to go in there to possess it.

    Ps. 44:20–21 20 If we had forgotten the name of our God or spread out our hands to a strange god, 21 would not God search this out? For He knows the secrets of the heart.

    Ezek. 8:12 And He said to me: “Have you seen, Son of man, that which the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark, each man in the inner chambers of his imagery? For they say, ‘YHWH [is] not seeing us, [for] YHWH has forsaken the land.’”

Parallel passages (2)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1065 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1511 shared proof text

Question 103

Q. Which is the first commandment?

A. The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

Scripture proofs
  • Ex. 20:3. (Cf. Deut. 5:7.)

    Ex. 20:3 You shall have no other gods before My face.

    Deut. 5:7 You shall have no other gods before Me.

Parallel passages (5)Heidelberg Catechism · Question 922 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 452 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God2 shared proof textsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God1 shared proof textSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity1 shared proof text

Question 104

Q. What are the duties required in the first commandment?

A. The duties required in the first commandment are, the knowing and acknowledging of God to be the only true God, and our God; and to worship and glorify him accordingly, by thinking, meditating, remembering, highly esteeming, honoring, adoring, choosing, loving, desiring, fearing of him; believing him; trusting, hoping, delighting, rejoicing in him; being zealous for him; calling upon him, giving all praise and thanks, and yielding all obedience and submission to him with the whole man; being careful in all things to please him, and sorrowful when in anything he is offended; and walking humbly with him.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Chron. 28:9; Deut. 26:7; Isa. 43:10. (See Jer. 14:22.)

    1 Chron. 28:9 And as for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind, for YHWH searches all hearts, and He understands all the intent of thoughts. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will cast you off forever.

    Deut. 26:7 And we cried out to YHWH, God of our fathers, and YHWH heard our voice and looked on our affliction and our toil and our oppression.

    Isa. 43:10 “You⁺ [are] My witnesses,” a declaration of YHWH, “And My servant whom I have chosen, that you⁺ may know and believe in Me, and understand that I [am] He. Before Me no god was formed, and none will be after Me.

    Jer. 14:22 Are there any among the idols of the nations able to bring rain? Or can the heavens give showers? [Are] You not He, O YHWH our God? And we shall wait for You, since You make all these [things].

  • Ps. 95:6–7; Matt. 4:10; Ps. 29:2.

    Ps. 95:6–7 6 O come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the face of YHWH our Maker! 7 For He [is] our God, and we [are] the people of His pasture, and the sheep of His hand. Today, if you⁺ hear His voice:

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Ps. 29:2 Ascribe to YHWH the glory of His name; bow down before YHWH in the splendor of holiness.

  • Mal. 3:16.

    Mal. 3:16 Then those who feared YHWH spoke, each man with his neighbor. And YHWH listened and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those fearing YHWH, and for those esteeming His name.

  • Ps. 63:6.

    Ps. 63:6 when I remember You on my bed, through the watches of the night I meditate on You.

  • Eccl. 12:1.

    Eccl. 12:1 And remember your Creator in the days of your youth, while the days of evil have not come, and the years have drawn near when you say, “No delight for me [is] in them!”

  • Ps. 71:19.

    Ps. 71:19 And Your righteousness, O God, [is] to the height! [You] who have done great things, O God—who [is] like You?

  • Mal. 1:6.

    Mal. 1:6 “A son honors [his] father, and a servant his master. And if I [am] the Father, where is My honor? And if I [am] the Master, where [is] the fear due Me?” Says YHWH of Hosts to you⁺, O priests despising My name. “And you⁺ say, ‘In what have we despised Your name?’

  • Isa. 45:23. (See Ps. 96.)

    Isa. 45:23 By Myself I have sworn, righteousness has gone forth from My mouth, a word that not will turn back; indeed, before Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear.

    Psalm 96 on BibleHub ↗

  • Josh. 24:15, 22.

    Josh. 24:15, 22 15 And if it seems evil in your⁺ eyes to serve YHWH, choose for yourselves this day whom you⁺ will serve, whether the gods that your⁺ fathers served that [were] on the other side of the River, or the gods of the Amorite, in whose land you⁺ are dwelling. And I and my house, we will serve YHWH!” 22 And Joshua said to the people, “You⁺ [are] witnesses against yourselves that you⁺ have chosen for yourselves YHWH, to serve Him.” And they said, “Witnesses!”

  • Deut. 6:5.

    Deut. 6:5 And you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.

  • Ps. 73:25.

    Ps. 73:25 Who [is] unto me in the heavens? And besides You I do not take delight on the earth.

  • Isa. 8:13.

    Isa. 8:13 YHWH of Hosts—Him You⁺ shall sanctify, and He [is] your⁺ Fear, and He [is] your⁺ Dread.

  • Ex. 14:31.

    Ex. 14:31 And Israel saw the great hand which YHWH had done against Egypt, and the people feared YHWH, and they believed in YHWH and in Moses His servant.

  • Isa. 26:4.

    Isa. 26:4 Trust in YHWH even to forever, for in YAH—YHWH—[is] a Rock of Ages.

  • Ps. 130:7.

    Ps. 130:7 Look with hope, O Israel, unto YHWH! For with YHWH is loving devotion, and redemption [is] abundant with Him.

  • Ps. 37:4.

    Ps. 37:4 And delight yourself in YHWH, and He will give to you the desires of your heart.

  • Ps. 32:11.

    Ps. 32:11 Be glad in YHWH and rejoice, O righteous ones, and shout for joy, all upright of heart!

  • Rom. 12:11. (See Num. 25:11.)

    Rom. 12:11 not slothful in diligence, being fervent in spirit, serving the Lord,

    Num. 25:11 “Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, has turned back My wrath from the sons of Israel, because he was zealous with My zeal in their midst, so that I did not consume the sons of Israel in My zeal.

  • Phil. 4:6.

    Phil. 4:6 Be anxious about nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your⁺ requests be made known to God.

  • Jer. 7:23; James 4:7.

    Jer. 7:23 But only this thing did I command them, saying: Listen to My voice, and I will be your⁺ God, and you⁺ will be My people; and walk in all the ways that I have commanded you⁺, that it may go well for you⁺.

    James 4:7 Therefore subject yourselves to God. But resist the devil, and he will flee from you⁺.

  • 1 John 3:22.

    1 John 3:22 and whatever we may ask, we receive from Him, because we keep His commandments and we do the things pleasing before Him.

  • Ps. 119:136; Jer. 31:18.

    Ps. 119:136 Streams of waters run down from my eyes, because they have not kept Your law.

    Jer. 31:18 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: ‘You disciplined me, and I was disciplined as an untrained heifer; turn me back and I will return, for You [are] YHWH my God.

  • Mic. 6:8.

    Mic. 6:8 He has shown to you, O man, what [is] good. And what does YHWH seek from you, but to do justice and to love kindness, and to be humble to walk with your God?

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 463 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 522 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 942 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture1 shared proof text · shared topic

Question 105

Q. What are the sins forbidden in the first commandment?

A. The sins forbidden in the first commandment are, atheism, in denying or not having a God; idolatry, in having or worshiping more gods than one, or any with or instead of the true God; the not having and avouching him for God, and our God; the omission or neglect of anything due to him, required in this commandment; ignorance, forgetfulness, misapprehensions, false opinions, unworthy and wicked thoughts of him; bold and curious searching into his secrets; all profaneness, hatred of God; self-love, self-seeking, and all other inordinate and immoderate setting of our mind, will, or affections upon other things, and taking them off from him in whole or in part; vain credulity, unbelief, heresy, misbelief, distrust, despair, incorrigibleness, and insensibleness under judgments, hardness of heart, pride, presumption, carnal security, tempting of God; using unlawful means, and trusting in lawful means; carnal delights and joys; corrupt, blind, and indiscreet zeal; lukewarmness, and deadness in the things of God; estranging ourselves, and apostatizing from God; praying, or giving any religious worship, to saints, angels, or any other creatures; all compacts and consulting with the devil, and hearkening to his suggestions; making men the lords of our faith and conscience; slighting and despising God and his commands; resisting and grieving of his Spirit, discontent and impatience at his dispensations, charging him foolishly for the evils he inflicts on us; and ascribing the praise of any good we either are, have, or can do, to fortune, idols, ourselves, or any other creature.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 14:1; Eph. 2:12.

    Ps. 14:1 For the one directing. Of David. The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; they have done abominable deeds; there is no one doing good.

    Eph. 2:12 that at that time you⁺ were apart from Christ, having been alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, not having hope and without God in the world.

  • Jer. 2:27–28; 1 Thess. 1:9.

    Jer. 2:27–28 27 saying to a tree, ‘You [are] my father,’ and to a stone, ‘You gave me birth.’ For they have turned the nape to Me, and not the faces; but in the time of their trouble they will say, ‘Arise, and save us.’ 28 “And where [are] your gods that you made for yourselves? Let them stand up, if they can save you in the time of your trouble! For [as] the number of your cities, are your gods, O Judah.

    1 Thess. 1:9 For they themselves report concerning us what kind of entrance we had to you⁺, and how you⁺ turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God,

  • Ps. 81:10–11. (See Rom. 1:21.)

    Ps. 81:10–11 10 I [am] YHWH your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt; open wide your mouth, and I will fill it. 11 My people would not listen to My voice, and Israel has not consented to Me.

    Rom. 1:21 For having known God, not as God did they glorify [Him], or give thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their foolish heart was darkened.

  • Isa. 43:22–24.

    Isa. 43:22–24 22 And not Me you have called, O Jacob, for you have grown weary of Me, O Israel. 23 You have not brought to Me sheep as your burnt offerings, and with your sacrifices you have not honored Me; I have not made you serve with grain offerings, and I have not wearied you with incense. 24 You have not bought Me sweet cane with silver, and [with] the fat of your sacrifices you have not satisfied Me; but you have made Me serve with your sins [and] have wearied Me with your iniquities.

  • Jer. 4:22; Hos. 4:1, 6.

    Jer. 4:22 “For My people [are] foolish—they have not known Me! They [are] foolish children, and they have no understanding! They [are] wise to do evil, and to do good they do not know.

    Hos. 4:1, 6 1 Hear the word of YHWH, O sons of Israel, for a case [is] unto YHWH against those dwelling in the land: “For there is no truth, and there is no loving devotion, and there is no knowledge of God in the land. 6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, because you have rejected knowledge, and I will reject you from being priest unto Me; and you have forgotten the law of your God; I will forget your children also.

  • Jer. 2:32.

    Jer. 2:32 Can a virgin forget her jewelry, [or] a bride her sashes? And My people have forgotten Me for days without number.

  • Acts 17:23, 29.

    Acts 17:23, 29 23 For passing through and examining your⁺ objects of worship, I even found an altar on which had been inscribed: TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. Therefore whom you⁺ worship without knowing, this I proclaim to you⁺. 29 Therefore, being offspring of God, we ought not to consider the Divine Being to be like gold or silver or stone, a graven thing of man’s craft and imagination.

  • Isa. 40:18.

    Isa. 40:18 And to whom would you⁺ liken God? And what likeness will you⁺ arrange for Him?

  • Ps. 50:21.

    Ps. 50:21 These [things] you have done, and I kept silent; you thought I was just like you. I will rebuke you and set in array before your eyes.

  • Deut. 29:29.

    Deut. 29:29 The things hidden are of YHWH our God, and the things revealed [are] to us and to our sons even to forever, that [we] may do all the words of this law.

  • Titus 1:16; Heb. 12:16.

    Titus 1:16 They profess to know God, but in works they deny [Him], being abominable and disobedient and unfit for any good work.

    Heb. 12:16 lest [there be] any sexually immoral person or profane person, as Esau, who for one meal sold his birthright.

  • Rom. 1:30.

    Rom. 1:30 slanderers, hateful to God, insolent, arrogant, boasters; inventors of evil, disobedient to parents;

  • 2 Tim. 3:2.

    2 Tim. 3:2 For men will be lovers of self, lovers of money, boasters, proud, verbally abusive, disobedient to parents, ungrateful, unholy,

  • Phil. 2:21.

    Phil. 2:21 For those all seek the things of themselves, not the things of Jesus Christ.

  • 1 John 2:15–16; Col. 3:2, 5. (See 1 Sam. 2:29.)

    1 John 2:15–16 15 Do not love the world nor the things in the world. If anyone should love the world, the love of the Father is not in him, 16 because all that [is] in the world, the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the vaunting of life, is not from the Father but is from the world.

    Col. 3:2, 5 2 Mind the things above, not the things on the earth. 5 Put to death, therefore, the members that [are] upon the earth: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry,

    1 Sam. 2:29 Why do you⁺ kick at My sacrifice and at My offering, which I have commanded [in My] dwelling place, and honor your sons more than Me, to make yourselves fat with the best of all the offerings of Israel My people?’

  • 1 John 4:1.

    1 John 4:1 Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.

  • Heb. 3:12.

    Heb. 3:12 See to it, brothers, lest ever there will be in any of you⁺ an evil heart of unbelief in the falling away from the living God.

  • Gal. 5:20; Titus 3:10.

    Gal. 5:20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of rage, rivalries, dissensions, factions,

    Titus 3:10 Reject a divisive man after one and a second admonition,

  • Acts 26:9.

    Acts 26:9 Therefore I indeed in myself thought [it] to be necessary to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth,

  • Ps. 78:22.

    Ps. 78:22 because they did not have faith in God, and they did not trust in His salvation.

  • Gen. 4:13.

    Gen. 4:13 And Cain said to YHWH, “Greater [is] my punishment than I can bear!

  • Jer. 5:3.

    Jer. 5:3 O YHWH, [are] not Your eyes on the truth? You have struck them, and they have not grieved; You have finished them off; they have refused to receive discipline. They have made their faces harder than rock; they have refused to turn back.

  • Isa. 42:25.

    Isa. 42:25 And He poured out on him the heat of His nose and the fierceness of battle; and it has set him on fire all around, and he did not know [it], and it burned him, and he did not set [it] upon [his] heart.

  • Rom. 2:5.

    Rom. 2:5 But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart, you are storing up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God,

  • Jer. 13:15.

    Jer. 13:15 Listen and give ear! Do not be proud, for YHWH has spoken.

  • Ps. 19:13.

    Ps. 19:13 Also, hold back Your servant from proud [things]; may they not rule over me. Then I shall be complete, and cleansed of great transgression.

  • Zeph. 1:12.

    Zeph. 1:12 And it will come to pass, at that time [that] I will search Jerusalem with lamps, and I will visit punishment upon the men settled in their dregs, those saying in their heart, ‘YHWH does no good, and He will not bring evil.’

  • Matt. 4:7.

    Matt. 4:7 Jesus said to him, “Again it has been written: ‘You shall not test the Lord your God.’”

  • Rom. 3:8.

    Rom. 3:8 And [is it] not, as we are slandered and as some affirm us to say, “Let us do evil so that the good may come”? Their judgment is just.

  • Jer. 17:5.

    Jer. 17:5 Thus says YHWH: “Cursed is the man who trusts in mankind and makes flesh his arm and turns away his heart from YHWH.

  • 2 Tim. 3:4.

    2 Tim. 3:4 betrayers, reckless, having been puffed up, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God,

  • Gal. 4:17; Rom. 10:2. (See John 16:2; Luke 9:54–55.)

    Gal. 4:17 They are zealous for you⁺, not nobly, but they want to exclude you⁺ [from us], so that you⁺ may be zealous for them.

    Rom. 10:2 For I testify about them that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.

    John 16:2 They will put you⁺ out of the synagogues; but an hour is coming that everyone having killed you⁺ will think he is offering a service to God.

    Luke 9:54–55 54 And having seen [it], the disciples James and John said, “Lord, do You want [that] we should call fire to come down from heaven and to consume them?” 55 But having turned, He rebuked them,

  • Rev. 3:16.

    Rev. 3:16 So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I am about to vomit you out of My mouth.

  • Rev. 3:1.

    Rev. 3:1 “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: These things says the One having the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, and yet you are dead.

  • Ezek. 14:5; Isa. 1:4–5.

    Ezek. 14:5 so as to capture the house of Israel by their heart, [in] that they are estranged from Me by all their idols.’

    Isa. 1:4–5 4 Alas, O sinning nation, a people heavy with iniquity, a seed doing evil, sons bringing corruption! They have forsaken YHWH, they have despised the Holy One of Israel, they have become estranged backward. 5 For what should you⁺ be struck still? Should you⁺ continue in rebellion? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart [is] faint.

  • Hos. 4:12; Acts 10:25–26; Rev. 19:10; Matt. 4:10; Col. 2:18; Rom. 1:25.

    Hos. 4:12 My people consult with a piece of wood, and their staff declares [it] to them; for the spirit of prostitution has led them astray, and they have prostituted themselves from under their God.

    Acts 10:25–26 25 And as Peter was entering, Cornelius, having met him, having fallen at [his] feet, worshiped [him]. 26 But Peter lifted him up, saying, “Rise up, I myself am also a man.”

    Rev. 19:10 And I fell before his feet to worship him. And he says to me, “See, no! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers, those having the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

    Matt. 4:10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Col. 2:18 Let no one disqualify you⁺, delighting in humility and worship of the angels, going into what he has seen, vainly being puffed up by the mind of his flesh,

    Rom. 1:25 who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the One having created, who is blessed to the ages! Amen.

  • Lev. 20:6. (See 1 Sam. 28:7, 11; 1 Chron. 10:13–14.)

    Lev. 20:6 And the person who turns to the mediums and to the spiritists to prostitute himself with them, I will set My face against that person and cut him off from among his people.

    1 Sam. 28:7, 11 7 And Saul said to his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, that I may go to her and inquire of her.” And his servants said to him, “Behold, a woman of a mistress a familiar spirit [is] at Endor.” 11 And the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” And he said, “Bring up Samuel for me.”

    1 Chron. 10:13–14 13 And Saul died for his unfaithfulness that he trespassed against YHWH, against the word of YHWH, because he did not keep [it], and also because he consulted a medium to inquire. 14 [He] inquired not of YHWH. And He killed him and turned over the kingdom to David son of Jesse.

  • Acts 5:3.

    Acts 5:3 But Peter said, “Ananias, why did Satan fill your heart [for] you to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back from the proceeds of the land?

  • 2 Cor. 1:24. (See Matt. 23:9.)

    2 Cor. 1:24 Not that we lord it over your⁺ faith, but we are fellow workers with you⁺ of joy; for in the faith you⁺ stand firm.

    Matt. 23:9 And you⁺ shall call no one your⁺ father on the earth, for One is your⁺ Father who [is] in heaven.

  • Deut. 32:15; Prov. 13:13. (See 2 Sam. 12:9.)

    Deut. 32:15 And Jeshurun grew fat and kicked—you grew fat, you grew thick, you gorged—and he forsook God [who] made him and scorned the Rock of his salvation.

    Prov. 13:13 The one despising the word is destroyed for it, and the one fearing the command, he will be rewarded.

    2 Sam. 12:9 Why have you despised the commandment of YHWH to do evil in His sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and his wife you have taken [to be] your wife, and him have killed with the sword of the sons of Ammon.

  • Acts 7:51; Eph. 4:30.

    Acts 7:51 You⁺ stiff-necked and uncircumcised in hearts and ears! You⁺ always resist the Holy Spirit! As [did] your⁺ fathers, also you⁺ [do].

    Eph. 4:30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you⁺ were sealed for the day of redemption.

  • Job 1:22; Ps. 73:2–3 (see vv. 13–15, 22).

    Job 1:22 In all this Job did not sin, and he did not ascribe foolishness to God.

    Ps. 73:2–3 2 And [as for] me, at a little stretching out of my feet, my steps had nearly poured out. 3 For I was envious of those boasting [when] I saw the prosperity of the wicked.

  • 1 Sam. 6:7–9; Luke 12:19.

    1 Sam. 6:7–9 7 And now, take and make one new cart, and two suckling cows on which a yoke has not gone up, and hitch the cows to the cart, and return their calves from them to the house. 8 And take the ark of YHWH, and set it on the cart. And the articles of gold that you⁺ are returning to Him [as] a guilt offering, put in the chest by its side, and send it away that it may go. 9 And watch: If it goes up the way of its own border toward Beth-shemesh, He has done to us this great disaster. But if not, then we will know that [it is] not His hand [that] struck us; it happened to us by chance.”

    Luke 12:19 And I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have many good things laid up for many years; take your rest, eat, drink, be merry.”’

  • Dan. 5:23.

    Dan. 5:23 and against the Lord of heaven you have lifted yourself up. And the vessels of His house they have brought before you, and you, and your nobles, your wives, and your concubines, have been drinking wine from them. And to the gods of silver and gold, bronze and iron, wood and stone, which do not see, and do not hear, and do not have knowledge, you have given praise. And to the God in whose hand [is] your breath, and all your ways [are] to Him, you have not shown honor!

  • Deut. 8:17. (See Dan. 4:30.)

    Deut. 8:17 and you say in your heart, “My power and the might of my hand have gained me this wealth.”

    Dan. 4:30 The king answered and said, “Is not this the great Babylon, which I myself have built as a house for the kingdom by the might of my power and for the honor of my majesty?”

  • Hab. 1:16.

    Hab. 1:16 Upon thus he sacrifices to his net, and burns incense to his dragnet, because by them his portion [is] rich and his food fat.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day7 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 5: Of Providence6 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 475 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 16: Of Good Works5 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture4 shared proof texts · shared topic

Question 106

Q. What are we specially taught by these words before me in the first commandment?

A. These words before me or before my face, in the first commandment, teach us, that God, who seeth all things, taketh special notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God: that so it may be an argument to dissuade from it, and to aggravate it as a most impudent provocation: as also to persuade us to do as in his sight, whatever we do in his service.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 44:20–21. (See Deut. 30:17–18; Ezek. 8:5–6, 12.)

    Ps. 44:20–21 20 If we had forgotten the name of our God or spread out our hands to a strange god, 21 would not God search this out? For He knows the secrets of the heart.

    Deut. 30:17–18 17 But if your heart turns away, so that you do not listen, and are drawn away, and worship other gods and serve them, 18 I declare to you⁺ today that you⁺ will surely perish; you⁺ will not prolong [your] days in the land that you are passing over the Jordan to go in there to possess it.

    Ezek. 8:5–6, 12 5 And He said to me: “Son of man, lift up now your eyes [to] the way northward.” And I lifted my eyes [to] the way northward, and behold! From the north of the Gate of the Altar [was] this image of jealousy in the entrance. 6 And He said to me: “Son of man, are you seeing what [they] are doing? The great abominations that the house of Israel is doing here to keep Me far off from My sanctuary? And still you will turn [and] you will see greater abominations!” 12 And He said to me: “Have you seen, Son of man, that which the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the dark, each man in the inner chambers of his imagery? For they say, ‘YHWH [is] not seeing us, [for] YHWH has forsaken the land.’”

  • 1 Chron. 28:9.

    1 Chron. 28:9 And as for you, Solomon my son, know the God of your father and serve Him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind, for YHWH searches all hearts, and He understands all the intent of thoughts. If you seek Him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake Him, He will cast you off forever.

Parallel passages (3)Westminster Shorter Catechism · Question 485 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 461 shared proof text · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 831 shared proof text

Chapter XIV: What Works Are Reputed Good before God

We confess and acknowledge that God has given to man His holy law (Ex. 20; Deut. 4–5) in which not only are forbidden all such works as displease and offend His godly majesty, but also are commanded all such as please Him and as He has promised to reward. And these works be of two sorts. The one are done to the honor of God; the other to the profit of our neighbors; and both have the revealed will of God for their assurance. To have one God, to worship and honor Him, to call upon Him in all our troubles, reverence His holy name, to hear His Word, to believe the same, to communicate with His holy sacraments are the works of the first table. To honor father and mother (Eph. 6), princes, rulers and superior powers (Rom. 13; 1 Tim. 2, 6), to love them, to support them, yes to obey their charges (not repugnant to the commandments of God), to save the lives of innocents (Ezek. 22), to repress tyranny (Jer. 22), to defend the oppressed (Isa. 58), to keep our bodies clean and holy (1 Thess. 4), to live in sobriety and temperance (Luke 2), to deal justly with all men both in word and deed, and finally to repress all appetite of our neighbor's hurt, are the good works of the second table which are most pleasing and acceptable unto God as those works that are commanded by Himself. The contrary of which is sin most odious which always displeases Him and provokes Him to anger (Eph. 5). As not to call upon Him alone when we have need, not to hear His Word with reverence, to condemn and despise it, to have or to worship idols, to maintain and defend idolatry, lightly to esteem the revered name of God, to profane, abuse, or condemn the sacraments of Christ Jesus, to disobey or resist any that God has placed in authority (while they pass not over the bounds of their office) (Rom. 13), to murder, to consent thereto, to bear hatred or to suffer innocent blood to be shed, if we may withstand it (Ezek. 22), and finally the transgression of any other commandment in the first or second table, we confess and affirm to be sin by which God's hot displeasure is kindled against the proud and unthankful world.

So that good works we affirm to be these only that are done in faith, at God's commandment, who in His law has expressed what are the things that please Him. And evil works we affirm [are] not only those that expressly are done against God's commandment, but those also that in matters of religion and worshipping of God have no other assurance but the invention and opinion of man, which God from the beginning has ever rejected. As by the prophet Isaiah and by our master Christ Jesus, we are taught in these words, "In vain do they worship Me, teaching the doctrines and precepts of men" (Isa. 29; Matt. 13).

Scripture proofs
Parallel passages (6+)Second Helvetic Confession · Chapter 19: Of the Sacraments of the Church of Christ5 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head: Rejection of the Errors5 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith5 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture5 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 864 shared topicsCanons of Dort · Conclusion: Rejection of False Accusations4 shared topics

Chapter 4: Of Idols or Images of God, of Christ, and of Saints

And because God is an invisible Spirit, and an incomprehensible essence, He cannot, therefore, by any art or image be expressed. For which cause we fear not, with the Scripture, to term the images of God mere lies. We do, therefore, reject not only the idols of the Gentiles, but also the images of Christians. For although Christ took upon Him man's nature, yet He did not, therefore, take it that He might set forth a pattern for carvers and painters. He denied that He came "to destroy the Law and the prophets" (Matt. 5:17), but images are forbidden in the Law and the prophets. He denied that His bodily presence would any way profit the church (Deut. 4:15; Isa. 40:18). He promises that "He would by His Spirit be present with us for ever" (John 16:7; 2 Cor. 5:5); who would then believe that the shadow or picture of His body in any way benefits the godly? And seeing that He abides in us by His Spirit, "We are therefore the temples of God" (1 Cor. 3:16), but "what agreement hath the temple of God with images?" (2 Cor. 6:16). And seeing that the blessed spirits and saints in heaven, while they lived here abhorred all worship done unto themselves (Acts 14:15; Rev. 14:7; 19:10; 22:8–9) and spoke against images, who can think it likely that the saints in heaven and the angels are delighted with their own images, to whom men bow their knees, uncover their heads and give such other like honor?

But that men might be instructed in religion, and put in mind of heavenly things and of their own salvation, the Lord commanded "preach the gospel" (Mark 16:15), not to paint and instruct the laity by pictures: He also instituted sacraments, but nowhere did He appoint images. Furthermore, in every place, in whatever way we turn our eyes, we see the lively and true creatures of God, which if they are marked, as is meet, they much more effectually move the beholder than all the images; or vain, unmovable, rotten, and dead pictures of men whatsoever; of which the prophet spoke truly, "They have eyes, and see not" (Ps. 115:5).

Therefore, we approve the judgment of Lactantius, an ancient writer, who says, "Undoubtedly there is no religion, wheresoever there is a picture." And we affirm that the blessed bishop Epiphanius did well, who, finding on the church doors a veil, that had painted on it the picture as it might be of Christ or of some saint or other, he cut and took it away; for, contrary to the authority of the Scriptures, he had seen the picture of a man hanging in the church of Christ: and, therefore, he charged that from thenceforth no such veils, which were contrary to our religion, should be hung up in the church of Christ, but that rather such scruple should be taken away which was unworthy the church of Christ and all faithful people. Moreover we approve this sentence of St. Augustine, "Let not the worship of men's works be a religion unto us. For the workmen themselves that make such things are better; whom yet we ought not to worship" (De Vera Religion, Chap. 55).

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 5:17

    Matt. 5:17 Do not suppose that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill.

  • Deut. 4:15; Isa. 40:18

    Deut. 4:15 And guard greatly your⁺ souls, for you⁺ did not see any form when YHWH spoke to you⁺ at Horeb out of the midst of the fire,

    Isa. 40:18 And to whom would you⁺ liken God? And what likeness will you⁺ arrange for Him?

  • John 16:7; 2 Cor. 5:5

    John 16:7 But I say to you⁺ the truth, it is profitable for you⁺ that I should go away. For unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to you⁺; but if I go, I will send Him to you⁺.

    2 Cor. 5:5 Now the One having prepared us for this very [thing] [is] God, the One having given to us the pledge of the Spirit,

  • 1 Cor. 3:16

    1 Cor. 3:16 Do you⁺ not know that you⁺ are God’s temple, and the Spirit of God dwells in you⁺?

  • 2 Cor. 6:16

    2 Cor. 6:16 And what agreement [has] the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God. As God has said: “I will dwell in them, and I will walk among [them], and I will be their God, and they will be My people.”

  • Acts 14:15; Rev. 14:7; 19:10; 22:8–9

    Acts 14:15 and saying, “Men, why do you⁺ do these things? We also are men of like nature with you⁺, proclaiming the gospel to you⁺ to turn from these vain [things] to the living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all the things in them,

    Rev. 14:7 saying in a loud voice, “Fear God and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment came. And worship the One having made the heaven and the earth and sea and springs of waters.”

    19:10 And I fell before his feet to worship him. And he says to me, “See, no! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers, those having the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

    22:8–9 8 And I, John, [am] the one hearing and seeing these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell to worship before the feet of the angel showing me these things. 9 And he says to me, “See, no! I am your fellow servant, and of your brothers the prophets, and of those keeping the words of this book. Worship God!”

  • Mark 16:15

    Mark 16:15 And He said to them, “Having gone into all the world, proclaim the gospel to all the creation.

  • Ps. 115:5

    Ps. 115:5 A mouth [is] unto them, and they do not speak; eyes [are] unto them, and they do not see;

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day3 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 943 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1052 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 962 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God2 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Confession of Faith · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity2 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 27: Of Rites, Ceremonies and Things Indifferent

Unto the ancient people were given in old time certain ceremonies, as a kind of schooling to those which were kept under the Law, as under a schoolmaster or tutor. But Christ the deliverer, being once come and the Law taken away, we which believe are no more under the Law (Rom. 6:14) and the ceremonies have vanished out of use. And the apostles were so far from retaining them or restoring them in the church of Christ that they witnessed plainly that they would not lay any burden upon the church (Acts 15:28). Wherefore we should seem to bring in and set up Judaism again, if we should multiply ceremonies or rites in the church according to the manner of the old church. And thus we are not of their judgment who would have the church of Christ kept in with many and divers rites as it were with a certain schooling. For if the apostles would not thrust upon the Christian people the ceremonies and rites which were appointed by God, who is there, I pray you, that is well in his wits, that will thrust upon it the inventions devised by man? The greater the heap of ceremonies is in the church, so much the more is taken not only from Christian liberty but also from Christ and from faith in Him; while the people seek those things in ceremonies which they should seek in the only Son of God, Jesus Christ, through faith. Wherefore a few moderate and simple rites that are not contrary to the Word of God are sufficient for the godly.

And in that there is found diversity of rites in the churches, let no man say, therefore, that the churches do not agree. Socrates says, "It is not possible to set down in writing all the ceremonies of the churches, which are throughout cities and countries. No religion doth keep everywhere the same ceremonies, although they admit and receive one and the selfsame doctrine touching them for even they which have one and the selfsame faith, do disagree among themselves about ceremonies." Thus much says Socrates; and we at this day having diversities in the celebration of the Lord's Supper, and in certain other things in our churches, yet we do not disagree in doctrine and faith, neither is the unity and society of our churches rent asunder. For the churches have always used their liberty in such rites as being things indifferent, which we also do at this day.

But yet, notwithstanding, we admonish men to take heed that they count not among things indifferent such as indeed are not indifferent; as some count the mass and the use of images in the church for things indifferent. "That is indifferent (said Jerome to Augustine) which is neither good nor evil, so that whether you do it, or do it not, you are never the more just, or unjust thereby." Therefore, when things indifferent are wrested to the confession of faith, they cease to be free: as Paul shows that it is lawful for a man to eat flesh, if no man admonishes him that it was offered to idols (1 Cor. 10:27–28), for then it is unlawful because he that eats it seems to approve idolatry by eating it.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 6:14

    Rom. 6:14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

  • Acts 15:28

    Acts 15:28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you⁺ no further burden except these necessary things:

  • 1 Cor. 10:27–28

    1 Cor. 10:27–28 27 If any of the unbelieving ones invites you⁺, and you⁺ want to go, eat everything being set before you⁺, inquiring nothing because of conscience. 28 But if anyone should say to you⁺, “This is offered to an idol,” do not eat [it], because of the one having informed [you], and conscience—

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