I. The Reality and Doctrinal Necessity of Christ's Resurrection
"The resurrection of Christ is not only asserted in the Scriptures, but it is also declared to be the fundamental truth of the gospel." [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]
"If Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]
"still it is not by his death, but by his resurrection, that we are said to be begotten again to a living hope, (1 Pet. 1: 3;) because, as he, by rising again, became victorious over death, so the victory of our faith consists only in his resurrection." "By his death sin was taken away, by his resurrection righteousness was renewed and restored." [John Calvin - Institutes]
"The resurrection of Christ, according to the whole N. T., took place on the third day..." [Herman Bavinck - Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 3]
"The resurrection of Christ is a pledge of ours, 1. Because he is our Head, and we are his members." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]
"Not in and through themselves but in Adam they die; and not in and through themselves do they rise, but only in Christ." [Herman Bavinck - Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 3]
II. The Nature and Identity of the Risen Body of Christ
"Who was it that rose from the dead? It was Christ, the God-man, who rose in the same body in which he died. This the Word never laid aside." "Christ did truly rise, that is, his soul did truly return to his body, from which it was separated by death, and he did truly come forth from the sepulchre in which his body was laid..."
"He rose the same person, the same Jesus Christ, very God and very man, which had died; he rose according to the nature in which he had suffered, which was his human nature, his true human nature, the very same which it was in essence and properties, not deified, but glorified, having laid aside all the infirmities to which it was subject." "He rose by his own power, that is, he vanquished death, throwing it from himself, quickened his dead body, reunited it with his soul, and restored to himself a blessed, heavenly, and glorious life, and that by his own divine virtue and power." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]
"It consisted in the rising again of that same body that had been taken down from the cross and buried in the garden of Joseph of Arimathea; it was indeed changed and glorified, so that it became no σωμα ψυχικον but a σωμα πνευματικον..." [Herman Bavinck - Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 3]
"The risen body of Christ, therefore, as it now exists in heaven, although retaining its identity with his body while here on earth, is glorious, incorruptible, immortal, and spiritual." [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]
III. The General Resurrection of the Dead
"The resurrection of the dead in general is thus in the first place a judicial act of God." "The resurrection of the dead in general is thus in the first place a judicial act of God. But this act is for believers full of rich consolation. And therefore in Scripture the resurrection of the congregation stands everywhere in the foreground..." [Herman Bavinck - Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 4]
"At the time of the judgment the dead shall be raised, whilst the living shall be changed, which change shall, as far as they are concerned, take the place of death; and so we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]
"The Bible, if the doubtful passage Revelation 20:4–6 be excepted, never speaks of any other than one resurrection." [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]
"The bodies of believers at their death are still united unto Christ; for though death doth for a while separate their souls from their bodies, yet death cannot separate Christ from either." "The bodies of believers do rest in their graves as in beds, until the resurrection." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]
"The usual position of the Reformed Churches is that the souls of believers immediately after death enter upon the glories of heaven." [Louis Berkhof - Systematic Theology]
IV. The Identical Substance of the Resurrection Body
"But in this Article the resurrection of the body means the restitution of the substance of our bodies after death out of the very same matter of which they now consist, and the re-animating, or quickening of the same bodies with an incorruptible and immortal life by the same immortal soul, by which they now subsist; which God will effect through Christ at the end of the world, by his divine power and virtue..." "The resurrection, then, will consist, first, in the restoration of the same body, or the bringing together the mass or matter which now constitutes our bodies, but which, after death, is scattered, and dissolved in the different elements. Secondly, it will consist in the re-union of the body with the same soul which it had at first, by which it will also be quickened, and be made immortal."
"The bodies with which we shall rise in the resurrection, will not only be human bodies, but also the very same which we now have, and not other and different bodies created by Christ, as the Anabaptists affirm." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]
"pointing with the finger to the bodies with which we are clothed, and promising that they shall be incorruptible, he very plainly affirms that no new bodies are to be fabricated." "First, we must hold, as has already been observed, that the body in which we shall rise will be the same as at present in respect of substance, but that the quality will be different; just as the body of Christ which was raised up was the same as that which had been offered in sacrifice, and yet excelled in other qualities, as if it had been altogether different." [John Calvin - Institutes]
"The identity of the resurrection body with the body that died is preserved." [Herman Bavinck - Reformed Dogmatics, Vol. 4]
"identity is involved in the very idea of a resurrection; for resurrection is a living again of that which was dead; not of something of the same nature, but of the very thing itself." [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]
V. The Transformation into a Glorious Spiritual Body
"The apostle means by a spiritual body, not that which is changed into the Spirit, or which is in all its properties equal to the Spirit, but that which is ruled by the Spirit of God, which is immortal and free from all misery, adorned with heavenly splendor, glory, activity, strength and holiness." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]
"It is 'our mortal bodies' which are to rise again. This form of expression is decisive of the Apostle's meaning. 'He that raised Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies, by his Spirit that dwelleth in you.' (Rom. 8:11.)" [Charles Hodge - Systematic Theology]
"The bodies of believers, at the resurrection, shall be made most healthful, strong, spiritual, incorruptible, immortal, most beautiful, and glorious, like unto Christ's most glorious body." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]
VI. The Resurrection of the Wicked unto Eternal Condemnation
"It is certain, therefore, that there will be one resurrection to judgment, and another to life, and that Christ will come to separate the kids from the goats (Mt. 25:32)." [John Calvin - Institutes]
"The resurrection of the wicked cannot be regarded as a blessing merited by the mediatorial work of Christ, though it is connected with this indirectly." [Louis Berkhof - Systematic Theology]
"Their bodies shall arise, and come forth like prisoners out of the grave, and whatsoever strength and immortality shall be put upon them, will be only to make them capable of eternal torments and misery." [Thomas Vincent - The Shorter Catechism]
"Now although the wicked, after the resurrection, will be immortal, yet their natural life shall be no life, but eternal death; for with this life there will be joined, 1. An eternal rejection of God. 2. A want of the knowledge and grace of God. 3. Everlasting and unutterable torments." [Zacharias Ursinus - Commentary on the Heidelberg]