Reformed Confessions & Catechisms

Westminster Confession of Faith

The complete text of the Westminster Confession of Faith, in 33 sections. Each passage is tagged with the doctrinal topics it addresses.

Closely related: the 1689 London Baptist Confession follows this confession chapter by chapter, revising it at the points Baptists read differently. See them compared word by word, with every difference marked.

About this document

The Westminster Confession was produced by the Westminster Assembly, a gathering of English and Scottish divines convened by the Long Parliament during the English Civil War to reform the church. Its thirty-three chapters became the classic confession of English-speaking Presbyterianism.

Comprehensive and carefully worded, it moves from Scripture and the decrees of God through creation, the covenant, Christ, salvation, the church, and the final judgment, and remains a doctrinal standard for many Presbyterian and Reformed churches today.

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Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture

1. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men unexcusable; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation. Therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his church; and afterwards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing: which maketh the Holy Scripture to be most necessary; those former ways of God's revealing his will unto his people being now ceased.

2. Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the books of the Old and New Testament, which are these:

Of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

Of the New Testament: The Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, The Acts of the Apostles, Paul's Epistles to the Romans, Corinthians I, Corinthians II, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians I, Thessalonians II, to Timothy I, to Timothy II, to Titus, to Philemon, The Epistle to the Hebrews, The Epistle of James, The first and second Epistles of Peter, The first, second, and third Epistles of John, The Epistle of Jude, The Revelation of John.

3. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the canon of the Scripture, and therefore are of no authority in the church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.

4. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed, and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.

5. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the church to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture. And the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

6. The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word: and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature, and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.

7. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all: yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed for salvation, are so clearly propounded, and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.

8. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which, at the time of the writing of it, was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and, by his singular care and providence, kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical; so as, in all controversies of religion, the church is finally to appeal unto them. But, because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God, who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them, therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come, that, the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner; and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.

9. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself: and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.

10. The supreme judge by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 2:14–15; Rom. 1:19–20; Ps. 19:1–4. (See Rom. 1:32–2:1.)

    Rom. 2:14–15 14 For when Gentiles, not having the law, may do by nature the things of the law, these not having a law are a law to themselves, 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also testifying, and the thoughts between one another accusing or also defending [them]

    Rom. 1:19–20 19 because that which [is] known of God is manifest among them, for God has revealed [it] to them. 20 For from the creation of the world His invisible [qualities], both His eternal power and divinity, are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, for them to be without excuse.

    Ps. 19:1–4 1 For the one directing. A Psalm of David. The heavens are recounting the glory of God, and the firmament is declaring the work of and His hands. 2 Day after day it pours forth speech, and night after night it shows forth knowledge. 3 Without speech and without words, their voice not being heard, 4 their voice has gone out into all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. He has placed a tent in them for the sun,

    Rom. 1:32–2:1 32 who, having known the righteous decree of God that those practicing such things are worthy of death, not only are doing them, but also agree with those practicing [them]. 1 Therefore you are without excuse, O man, every one who is judging. For in that which you judge the other, you are condemning yourself, for you, the one judging, practice the same things.

  • John 17:3; 1 Cor. 1:21; 1 Cor. 2:13–14.

    John 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You sent.

    1 Cor. 1:21 For since in the wisdom of God the world through wisdom did not know God, God was well pleased through the foolishness of the preaching to save those believing.

    1 Cor. 2:13–14 13 which also we speak, not in words taught of human wisdom, but in [those] taught of the Spirit, expressing spiritual things by spiritual [means]. 14 But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know [them], because they are spiritually discerned.

  • Heb. 1:1–2.

    Heb. 1:1–2 1 God, having spoken long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, 2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages,

  • Luke 1:3–4; Rom. 15:4; Matt. 4:4, 7, 10; Isa. 8:20.

    Luke 1:3–4 3 it seemed good also to me, having followed closely from the first all things carefully, to write in consecutive order to you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things that you were instructed.

    Rom. 15:4 For as much as was written before was all written for our instruction, so that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have the hope.

    Matt. 4:4, 7, 10 4 But answering, He said, “It has been written: ‘Not on bread alone shall the man live, but on every word coming out through the mouth of God.’” 7 Jesus said to him, “Again it has been written: ‘You shall not test the Lord your God.’” 10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Isa. 8:20 to the law and to the testimony?" If they do not speak this according to the word, [it is] because there is not in them dawn.

  • 2 Tim. 3:15; 2 Peter 1:19.

    2 Tim. 3:15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

    2 Peter 1:19 And we have the more certain prophetic word, to which you⁺ do well taking heed, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until this day shall have dawned and the morning star shall have arisen in your⁺ hearts,

  • John 20:31; 1 Cor. 14:37; 1 John 5:13; 1 Cor. 10:11; Heb. 1:1–2; Heb. 2:2–4.

    John 20:31 But these have been written so that you⁺ may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, believing, you⁺ may have life in His name.

    1 Cor. 14:37 If anyone thinks to be a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things I write to you⁺ are commands of the Lord.

    1 John 5:13 I wrote these things to you⁺, the ones believing in the name of the Son of God, so that you⁺ may know that you⁺ have eternal life.

    1 Cor. 10:11 Now these things happened to those [as] types and were written for our admonition, to whom the ends of the ages have come.

    Heb. 1:1–2 1 God, having spoken long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, 2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages,

    Heb. 2:2–4 2 For if the word having been spoken by angels was firm, and every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense, 3 how will we escape, having neglected such a great salvation, which, having received a beginning to be spoken by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those having heard, 4 God testifying with [them] both by signs and wonders, and by various miracles, and distributions of the Holy Spirit according to His will.

  • Luke 16:29, 31; Luke 24:27, 44; 2 Tim. 3:15–16; John 5:46–47.

    Luke 16:29, 31 29 But Abraham says, ‘They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.’ 31 But he said to him, ‘If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, not even will they be persuaded if one should rise out from the dead.’”

    Luke 24:27, 44 27 And having begun from Moses and from all the Prophets, He interpreted to them the things concerning Himself in all the Scriptures. 44 And He said to them, “These [are] My words, which I spoke to you⁺ being still with you⁺, that it is necessary to be fulfilled all things having been written concerning Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms.”

    2 Tim. 3:15–16 15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness,

    John 5:46–47 46 For if you⁺ were believing Moses, you⁺ would have been believing Me; for he wrote concerning Me. 47 But if you⁺ do not believe his writings, how will you⁺ believe My words?”

  • Rev. 22:18–19; Rom. 3:2; 2 Peter 1:21.

    Rev. 22:18–19 18 I testify to everyone hearing the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone should add to these things, God will add unto him the plagues written in this book. 19 And if anyone should take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, of those written in this book.

    Rom. 3:2 Much in every way. For first indeed, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God.

    2 Peter 1:21 For not by the will of man was prophecy brought forth at any time, but being carried by the Holy Spirit, men spoke from God.

  • 2 Peter 1:19–20; 2 Tim. 3:16; 1 John 5:9; 1 Thess. 2:13; Rev. 1:1–2.

    2 Peter 1:19–20 19 And we have the more certain prophetic word, to which you⁺ do well taking heed, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until this day shall have dawned and the morning star shall have arisen in your⁺ hearts, 20 knowing this first, that every prophecy of Scripture is not of its own interpretation.

    2 Tim. 3:16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness,

    1 John 5:9 If we receive the testimony of men, the testimony of God is greater, because this is the testimony of God that He has testified concerning His Son.

    1 Thess. 2:13 And because of this, we also give thanks to God unceasingly that, having received the word of God, hearing from us, you⁺ accepted, not the word of men, but just as truly it is, the word of God, which also works in you⁺, those believing.

    Rev. 1:1–2 1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to Him to show to His servants what is necessary to take place in quickness. And He signified [it] through having sent His angel to His servant John, 2 who testified to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, as much as he saw.

  • 1 Tim. 3:15.

    1 Tim. 3:15 but if I should delay, so that you may know how it is necessary to conduct oneself in the household of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and base of the truth.

  • 1 Cor. 2:9–10; Heb. 4:12; John 10:35; Isa. 55:11 (see Rom. 11:36); Ps. 19:7–11 (see 2 Tim. 3:15); 1 Cor. 2:4–5; 1 Thess. 1:5; 1 John 2:20, 27 (see Isa. 59:2).

    1 Cor. 2:9–10 9 But as it has been written: “What no eye has seen, and no ear has heard, and has not gone up upon the heart of man—as much as God prepared for those loving Him.” 10 For God revealed [it] to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches all things, even the depths of God.

    Heb. 4:12 For the word of God [is] living and effective, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing through and as far as the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrows, and able to judge the reflections and intentions of the heart.

    John 10:35 If he called them gods to whom the word of God came—and the Scripture is not able to be broken—

    Isa. 55:11 so is My word that goes forth from My mouth: It will not return to Me empty until it has done that which I delight, and it will prosper for that which I send it.

    Rom. 11:36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

    Ps. 19:7–11 7 The law of YHWH [is] perfect, refreshing the soul; the testimony of YHWH [is] sure, making wise the simple. 8 The statutes of YHWH [are] straight, making glad the heart; the commandment of YHWH [is] pure, bringing light to the eyes. 9 The fear of YHWH is pure, standing forever; the judgments of YHWH [are] true, being righteous altogether, 10 being desired above gold, and much above pure gold, and sweeter than honey and flowing honey from the honeycomb. 11 Indeed, Your servant is warned by them; in keeping them [is] great reward.

    2 Tim. 3:15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

    1 Cor. 2:4–5 4 And my speech and my preaching [were] not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, 5 so that your⁺ faith may not be in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God.

    1 Thess. 1:5 because our gospel came to you⁺ not in word only, but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and with much full assurance, just as you⁺ know what we were among you⁺ on account of you⁺.

    1 John 2:20, 27 20 And you⁺ have the anointing from the Holy One, and all [of] you⁺ know. 27 And you⁺, the anointing that you⁺ received from Him remains in you⁺, and you⁺ have no need that anyone should teach you⁺. But as the same anointing teaches you⁺ concerning all things and is true and is not a lie, and just as it taught you⁺, remain in Him.

    Isa. 59:2 For but your⁺ iniquities [that] have been causing separation for you⁺ from your⁺ God, and your⁺ sins have hidden the Face from you⁺, away from hearing.

  • 2 Tim. 3:16–17; Gal. 1:8–9; 2 Thess. 2:2.

    2 Tim. 3:16–17 16 Every Scripture [is] God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for conviction, for correction, [and] for training in righteousness, 17 so that the man of God may be complete, having been completely equipped toward every good work.

    Gal. 1:8–9 8 But even if we or an angel out of heaven should preach a gospel to you⁺ contrary to what we preached to you⁺, let him be accursed! 9 As we have said before, even now I say again: If anyone preaches a gospel [to] you⁺ contrary to what you⁺ received, let him be accursed!

    2 Thess. 2:2 for you⁺ not quickly to be shaken in mind, nor to be alarmed, neither through spirit nor through word, nor through letter as through us, as that the day of the Lord is present.

  • John 6:45; 1 Cor. 2:12, 14–15; Eph. 1:18. (See 2 Cor. 4:6.)

    John 6:45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me.

    1 Cor. 2:12, 14–15 12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God, 14 But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know [them], because they are spiritually discerned. 15 But the spiritual [man] judges all things, but he himself is judged by no one.

    Eph. 1:18 the eyes your⁺ of heart being enlightened for you⁺ to know what is the hope of His calling, what [are] the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints,

    2 Cor. 4:6 For God [is] the One having said, “Light will shine out of darkness,” who shone in our hearts for the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.

  • 1 Cor. 11:13–14; 1 Cor. 14:26, 40.

    1 Cor. 11:13–14 13 Judge in yourselves: Is it proper for a woman to pray to God uncovered? 14 Does not even nature itself teach you⁺ that indeed if a man has long hair, it is a disgrace to him,

    1 Cor. 14:26, 40 26 What then is it, brothers? When you⁺ may come together, each has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation. Let all things be done for edification. 40 But let all things be done properly and according to order.

  • 2 Peter 3:16.

    2 Peter 3:16 as also in all the letters, speaking in them concerning these things, in which some things are difficult to be understood, which the unlearned and unstable distort, as also the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction.

  • Ps. 119:105, 130; Deut. 29:29; Deut. 30:10–14; Acts 17:11.

    Ps. 119:105, 130 105 Your word [is] a lamp to my feet, and a light to my path. 130 The opening of Your words gives light, giving understanding to the simple ones.

    Deut. 29:29 The things hidden are of YHWH our God, and the things revealed [are] to us and to our sons even to forever, that [we] may do all the words of this law.

    Deut. 30:10–14 10 if you listen to the voice of YHWH your God, to keep His commandments and His statutes written in the Book of this Law, [and] if you turn to YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul. 11 For this commandment that I command you today is not too wonderful for you, and it is not far off. 12 It [is] not in the heavens, that you should say, ‘Who will ascend for us into the heavens and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?’ 13 Nor [is] it beyond the sea, that you should say, ‘Who will go for us to beyond the sea and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?’ 14 But the word [is] very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart, that you may do it.

    Acts 17:11 Now these, who were more noble than those in Thessalonica, received the word with all readiness, every day examining the Scriptures, if these things were so.

  • Matt. 5:18; Ps. 119:89.

    Matt. 5:18 For truly I say to you⁺, until the heaven and the earth should pass away, not even one iota, or one stroke of a letter, shall pass away from the Law, until everything should come to pass.

    Ps. 119:89 Forever, O YHWH, [is] Your word, standing fixed in the heavens.

  • Isa. 8:20; Matt. 15:3, 6; Acts 15:15. (See Luke 16:31.)

    Isa. 8:20 to the law and to the testimony?" If they do not speak this according to the word, [it is] because there is not in them dawn.

    Matt. 15:3, 6 3 And answering, He said to them, “Why also do you⁺ transgress the commandment of God because of your⁺ tradition? 6 he shall not honor his father or his mother. And you⁺ made void the word of God because of your⁺ tradition.

    Acts 15:15 And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written:

    Luke 16:31 But he said to him, ‘If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, not even will they be persuaded if one should rise out from the dead.’”

  • John 5:39; Acts 17:11; Rev. 1:3. (See 2 Tim. 3:14–15.)

    John 5:39 You⁺ search the Scriptures because you⁺ think to have eternal life in them, and these are they testifying concerning Me;

    Acts 17:11 Now these, who were more noble than those in Thessalonica, received the word with all readiness, every day examining the Scriptures, if these things were so.

    Rev. 1:3 Blessed [is] the one reading and those hearing the words of the prophecy and keeping the things written in it; for the time [is] near.

    2 Tim. 3:14–15 14 But you, abide in the things you learned and were convinced of, having known from whom you learned, 15 and that from infancy you have known the sacred writings, which are able to make you wise unto salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

  • Matt. 28:19–20. (See 1 Cor. 14:6; Mark 15:34.)

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    1 Cor. 14:6 But now, brothers, if I should come to you⁺ speaking in tongues, what will I profit you⁺, unless I should speak to you⁺ either in revelation, or in knowledge, or in prophecy, or in teaching?

    Mark 15:34 And at the ninth hour, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which is translated, “My God, My God, why did You forsake Me?”

  • Col. 3:16. (See Ex. 20:4–6; Matt. 15:7–9.)

    Col. 3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you⁺ richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing each other in psalms, hymns, [and] spiritual songs, in grace singing in your⁺ hearts to God.

    Ex. 20:4–6 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the waters under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them; for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons on the third and on the fourth for those who hate Me, 6 and showing loving devotion to thousands for those who love Me and for those who keep My commandments.

    Matt. 15:7–9 7 Hypocrites! Isaiah prophesied correctly about you⁺, saying: 8 ‘This people honors Me with the lips, but their heart is kept far away from Me; 9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

  • Rom. 15:4.

    Rom. 15:4 For as much as was written before was all written for our instruction, so that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have the hope.

  • Acts 15:15; John 5:46. (See 2 Peter 1:20–21.)

    Acts 15:15 And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written:

    John 5:46 For if you⁺ were believing Moses, you⁺ would have been believing Me; for he wrote concerning Me.

    2 Peter 1:20–21 20 knowing this first, that every prophecy of Scripture is not of its own interpretation. 21 For not by the will of man was prophecy brought forth at any time, but being carried by the Holy Spirit, men spoke from God.

  • Matt. 22:29, 31; Acts 28:25. (See 1 John 4:1–6.)

    Matt. 22:29, 31 29 And answering, Jesus said to them, “You⁺ go astray, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God. 31 But concerning the resurrection of the dead, did you⁺ not read what has been spoken to you⁺ by God, saying,

    Acts 28:25 And being discordant with one another they began to leave, Paul having said one word: “The Holy Spirit spoke rightly by the prophet Isaiah to your⁺ fathers,

    1 John 4:1–6 1 Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 In this you⁺ know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses Jesus Christ having come in the flesh is of God, 3 and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not of God, and this is that of the antichrist, which you⁺ heard that is coming, and now is already in the world. 4 You⁺ are of God, little children, and have overcome them, because greater is the One in you⁺ than the one in the world. 5 They are of the world; because of this they speak from out of the world, and the world hears them. 6 We are of God. The one knowing God hears us. The one who is not of God does not hear us. By this we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of error.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture43 shared proof texts · 10 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 218 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 313 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 211 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 410 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 15510 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity

1. There is but one only, living, and true God, who is infinite in being and perfection, a most pure spirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions; immutable, immense, eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, most wise, most holy, most free, most absolute; working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will, for his own glory; most loving, gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin; the rewarder of them that diligently seek him; and withal, most just, and terrible in his judgments, hating all sin, and who will by no means clear the guilty.

2. God hath all life, glory, goodness, blessedness, in and of himself; and is alone in and unto himself all-sufficient, not standing in need of any creatures which he hath made, nor deriving any glory from them, but only manifesting his own glory in, by, unto, and upon them. He is the alone fountain of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all things; and hath most sovereign dominion over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them whatsoever himself pleaseth. In his sight all things are open and manifest, his knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature, so as nothing is to him contingent, or uncertain. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands. To him is due from angels and men, and every other creature, whatsoever worship, service, or obedience he is pleased to require of them.

3. In the unity of the Godhead there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost: the Father is of none, neither begotten, nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father; the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 6:4; 1 Cor. 8:4, 6. (See Gal. 3:20.)

    Deut. 6:4 Hear, O Israel: YHWH our God, YHWH [is] One.

    1 Cor. 8:4, 6 4 Therefore concerning the eating of the [things] sacrificed to idols, we know that an idol [is] nothing in the world and that [there is] no God except one. 6 yet to us [there is] one God the Father, of whom [are] all things, and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom [are] all things, and we through Him.

    Gal. 3:20 Now the mediator is not of one; but God is one.

  • 1 Thess. 1:9; Jer. 10:10.

    1 Thess. 1:9 For they themselves report concerning us what kind of entrance we had to you⁺, and how you⁺ turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God,

    Jer. 10:10 And YHWH [is] the true God; He [is] the living God, and King forever! At His wrath the earth trembles, and the nations cannot endure His indignation.

  • Job 11:7–9; Job 26:14. (See Ps. 139:6.)

    Job 11:7–9 7 Can you find out the searching of God? Or can you find out unto the limit of Shaddai? 8 The heights of the heavens—what can you do? [They are] deeper than Sheol—what can you know? 9 Longer than the earth [is] its measure, and wider than the sea.

    Job 26:14 Behold, these are the edges of His ways, and how faint of a word do we hear of Him! And the thundering of His might, who can understand?”

    Ps. 139:6 [Such] knowledge [is] wonderful for me; it is high, I am not able to atttain it.

  • John 4:24.

    John 4:24 God [is] Spirit, and it is necessary for those worshiping Him to worship in spirit and truth.”

  • 1 Tim. 1:17. (See John 1:18.)

    1 Tim. 1:17 Now to the King of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory to the ages of the ages! Amen.

    John 1:18 No one has ever yet seen God. The only begotten God, the One being in the bosom of the Father, He has made [Him] known.

  • Deut. 4:15–16. (Cf. John 4:24 with Luke 24:39.)

    Deut. 4:15–16 15 And guard greatly your⁺ souls, for you⁺ did not see any form when YHWH spoke to you⁺ at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, 16 lest you⁺ act corruptly and make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female—

    John 4:24 God [is] Spirit, and it is necessary for those worshiping Him to worship in spirit and truth.”

    Luke 24:39 See My hands and My feet, that I am He. Touch Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you⁺ see Me having.”

  • Acts 14:11, 15; James 1:17; Mal. 3:6; 1 Kings 8:27; Jer. 23:23–24.

    Acts 14:11, 15 11 And the crowds, having seen what Paul had done, lifted up their voice in Lycaonian, saying, “The gods have come down to us, having become like men!” 15 and saying, “Men, why do you⁺ do these things? We also are men of like nature with you⁺, proclaiming the gospel to you⁺ to turn from these vain [things] to the living God, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all the things in them,

    James 1:17 Every good act of giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning.

    Mal. 3:6 “For I, YHWH, do not change; and you⁺, sons of Jacob, have not been consumed.

    1 Kings 8:27 But will indeed God dwell on the earth? Behold, the heavens and the heavens of the heavens cannot contain You. How much less this house that I have built?

    Jer. 23:23–24 23 “[Am] I a God nearby,” a declaration of YHWH, “And not a God far away?” 24 “Can a man hide himself in the hidden places, and I shall not see him?” A declaration of YHWH. “Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?” A declaration of YHWH.

  • Ps. 90:2. (See 1 Tim. 1:17.)

    Ps. 90:2 In the [time] before the mountains were brought forth, or You formed the earth and the world, and from forever even to forever, You [are] God.

    1 Tim. 1:17 Now to the King of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory to the ages of the ages! Amen.

  • 1 Kings 8:27; Jer. 23:23–24.

    1 Kings 8:27 But will indeed God dwell on the earth? Behold, the heavens and the heavens of the heavens cannot contain You. How much less this house that I have built?

    Jer. 23:23–24 23 “[Am] I a God nearby,” a declaration of YHWH, “And not a God far away?” 24 “Can a man hide himself in the hidden places, and I shall not see him?” A declaration of YHWH. “Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?” A declaration of YHWH.

  • Ps. 90:2. (See 1 Tim. 1:17.)

    Ps. 90:2 In the [time] before the mountains were brought forth, or You formed the earth and the world, and from forever even to forever, You [are] God.

    1 Tim. 1:17 Now to the King of the ages, the immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory to the ages of the ages! Amen.

  • Ps. 145:3. (See Rom. 11:34.)

    Ps. 145:3 Great [is] YHWH and to be praised greatly, and of His greatness there is no searching out.

    Rom. 11:34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?”

  • Gen. 17:1; Rev. 4:8.

    Gen. 17:1 And Abram was a son of ninety years and nine years, and YHWH appeared to Abram and said to him, “I [am] El-Shaddai; walk before Me and be blameless.

    Rev. 4:8 And the four living creatures, one by one of them had six wings respectively, full of eyes all around and within; and they do not have rest day and night, saying: “Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty, the One who was and who is and who is coming!”

  • Rom. 16:27.

    Rom. 16:27 [to] the only wise God [be] the glory unto the ages of the ages, which [is] through Jesus Christ! Amen.

  • Isa. 6:3. (See Rev. 4:8.)

    Isa. 6:3 And this one cried to this one and said: “Holy, holy, holy [is] YHWH of Hosts; the fullness of all the earth [is] His glory!”

    Rev. 4:8 And the four living creatures, one by one of them had six wings respectively, full of eyes all around and within; and they do not have rest day and night, saying: “Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty, the One who was and who is and who is coming!”

  • Ps. 115:3. (See Isa. 14:24.)

    Ps. 115:3 And our God [is] in the heavens; all that he has pleased, He has done.

    Isa. 14:24 YHWH of Hosts has sworn, saying, “Surely as I have purposed, so it will be, and as I have counseled, [so] it will stand:

  • Isa. 45:5–6. (See Ex. 3:14.)

    Isa. 45:5–6 5 I [am] YHWH, and there is no other; besides Me there are no gods. I will gird you, though you have not known Me, 6 so that they may know, from the rising of the sun and from the west, that there is none besides Me. I [am] YHWH, and there is no other—

    Ex. 3:14 And God said to Moses, “Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh.” And He said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, ‘Ehyeh has sent me to you⁺.’”

  • Eph. 1:11.

    Eph. 1:11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

  • Prov. 16:4; Rom. 11:36. (See Rev. 4:11.)

    Prov. 16:4 YHWH has made everything for its own end—even the wicked for the day of evil.

    Rom. 11:36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

  • 1 John 4:8. (See 1 John 4:16; John 3:16.)

    1 John 4:8 The one not loving has not known God, because God is love.

    1 John 4:16 And we have known and have believed the love that God has in us. God is love, and the one remaining in love remains in God, and God remains in him.

    John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave the Son, the only begotten, so that everyone believing in Him shall not perish but shall have eternal life.

  • Ex. 34:6–7.

    Ex. 34:6–7 6 And YHWH passed before his face and proclaimed, “YHWH, YHWH God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in loving devotion and truth, 7 keeping loving devotion to the thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and he will surely not acquit [the guilty], visiting iniquity of fathers upon sons and upon sons of sons, upon a third and upon a fourth.”

  • Heb. 11:6.

    Heb. 11:6 And without faith [it is] impossible to please [Him], for it is necessary for the one coming to God to believe that He is and [that] He becomes a rewarder to those seeking Him out.

  • Neh. 9:32–33. (See Heb. 10:28–31.)

    Neh. 9:32–33 32 And now, our God—the God the great, the mighty, and fearsome, keeping the covenant and the kindness, should not all the hardship that has found us seem little before Your face—for our kings, for our princes, and for our priests, and for our prophets, and for our fathers, and for all Your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until this day. 33 And You [are] righteous over all that has come upon us, for faithfully You have acted, and we have been wicked.

    Heb. 10:28–31 28 Anyone having set aside the law of Moses dies without mercies on the basis of two or three witnesses. 29 How much worse punishment do you⁺ think he will be worthy of, the one having trampled upon the Son of God, and having deemed common the blood of the covenant in which he was sanctified, and having insulted the Spirit of grace? 30 For we know the One having said, “Vengeance [is] Mine; I will repay,” and again, “The Lord will judge His people.” 31 [It is] a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.

  • Rom. 1:18; Ps. 5:5–6. (See Ps. 11:5.)

    Rom. 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, suppressing the truth in unrighteousness,

    Ps. 5:5–6 5 The one boasting shall not stand in Your sight; You hate all workers of iniquity. 6 You will destroy those speaking falsehood; a man of blood and deceit YHWH abhors.

    Ps. 11:5 YHWH tests the righteous, and His soul hates the wicked one and the lover of violence.

  • Ex. 34:7a. (See Nah. 1:2–3, 6.)

    Ex. 34:7 keeping loving devotion to the thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and he will surely not acquit [the guilty], visiting iniquity of fathers upon sons and upon sons of sons, upon a third and upon a fourth.”

    Nah. 1:2–3, 6 2 A God jealous and avenging [is] YHWH; avenging [is] YHWH and owner of fury; avenging [is] YHWH on His adversaries, and He is watching for His enemies. 3 YHWH [is] slow to anger and great in power; and YHWH does not entirely acquit. In the whirlwind and in the storm [is] His way, and the clouds [are] the dust of His feet. 6 Before the face of His indignation, who can stand? And who can stand up in the burning of His anger? His fury is poured out like the fire, and the rocks are torn down by Him.

  • Jer. 10:10. (See John 5:26.)

    Jer. 10:10 And YHWH [is] the true God; He [is] the living God, and King forever! At His wrath the earth trembles, and the nations cannot endure His indignation.

    John 5:26 For just as the Father has life in Himself, so also He gave to the Son to have life in Himself.

  • Acts 7:2.

    Acts 7:2 And he began to speak: “Men, brothers and fathers, listen! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham, being in Mesopotamia before his dwelling in Haran,

  • Ps. 119:68.

    Ps. 119:68 You [are] good, and the One doing good; may You teach me Your statutes.

  • 1 Tim. 6:15. (See Rom. 9:5.)

    1 Tim. 6:15 which He will show in [His] own times, the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of those being kings and the Lord of those being lords,

    Rom. 9:5 whose [are] the fathers, and from whom [is] Christ according to the flesh, being God over all, blessed to the ages! Amen.

  • Acts 17:24–25.

    Acts 17:24–25 24 The God having made the world and all things that [are] in it, He, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in hand-made temples, 25 nor is He served by hands of men as needing anything—He [who] gives to all life and breath and all things.

  • Luke 17:10.

    Luke 17:10 Thus also you⁺, when you⁺ may have done all the [things] having been directed you⁺, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have done that which we were obligated to do.’”

  • Rom. 11:36.

    Rom. 11:36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

  • Rev. 4:11; Dan. 4:25, 35. (See 1 Tim. 6:15.)

    Rev. 4:11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and by Your will they existed and were created.”

    Dan. 4:25, 35 25 That they shall drive you away from men, and with the beasts of the field shall be your dwelling; and they shall make you eat grass like oxen, and from the dew of heaven they shall wet you; and seven times shall pass over you, until that you come to know that the Most High [is] ruling over the kingdom of men, and to whom that, He chooses He gives it. 35 and all those dwelling in the earth are regarded as nothing, and He does according to His will among the host of the heaven and those dwelling in the earth; and there is no one who can strike on His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’”

    1 Tim. 6:15 which He will show in [His] own times, the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of those being kings and the Lord of those being lords,

  • Heb. 4:13.

    Heb. 4:13 And there is no created thing hidden before Him, but all things [are] bare and exposed to the eyes of Him to whom [is] our account.

  • Rom. 11:33–34; Ps. 147:5.

    Rom. 11:33–34 33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways! 34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?”

    Ps. 147:5 Great [is] our Lord, and abundant in power; of His understanding there is no numbering!

  • Acts 15:18; Ezek. 11:5.

    Acts 15:18 known from the age.’

    Ezek. 11:5 And fell upon me the Spirit of YHWH, and He said to me, “Say, thus says YHWH: Thus you⁺ have said, O house of Israel—and the [things] coming upon your⁺ spirit I know.

  • Ps. 145:17; Rom. 7:12.

    Ps. 145:17 Righteous [is] YHWH in all His ways, and kind in all His works.

    Rom. 7:12 So indeed, the law [is] holy, and the commandment [is] holy and righteous and good.

  • Rev. 5:12–14.

    Rev. 5:12–14 12 saying in a loud voice: “Worthy is the Lamb having been slain to receive the power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing!” 13 And I heard every creature that is in heaven and upon the earth and under the earth and on the sea, and everything in them, saying: “To the One sitting on the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing and honor and glory and might to the ages of the ages!” 14 And the four living creatures kept saying, “Amen.” And the elders fell and worshiped.

  • Matt. 3:16–17; Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14. (See Eph. 2:18.)

    Matt. 3:16–17 16 And having been baptized, Jesus immediately went up from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and He saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove and coming upon Him. 17 And behold, a voice out of the heavens, saying, “This is My Son, the Beloved, in whom I was well pleased.”

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    2 Cor. 13:14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit [be] with all of you⁺.

    Eph. 2:18 For through Him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.

  • John 1:14, 18. (See Heb. 1:2–3; Col. 1:15.)

    John 1:14, 18 14 And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth. 18 No one has ever yet seen God. The only begotten God, the One being in the bosom of the Father, He has made [Him] known.

    Heb. 1:2–3 2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages, 3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

    Col. 1:15 [He] is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation,

  • John 15:26; Gal. 4:6.

    John 15:26 When the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you⁺ from the Father, the Spirit of truth who goes forth from the Father, He will testify about Me.

    Gal. 4:6 And because you⁺ are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 2: Of God, and of the Holy Trinity45 shared proof texts · 8 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 423 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 722 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 612 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 259 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 3: Of God; The Unity and the Trinity6 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree

1. God, from all eternity, did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely, and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass: yet so, as thereby neither is God the author of sin, nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures; nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established.

2. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath he not decreed anything because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.

3. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels are predestinated unto everlasting life; and others foreordained to everlasting death.

4. These angels and men, thus predestinated, and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed, and their number so certain and definite, that it cannot be either increased or diminished.

5. Those of mankind that are predestinated unto life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, hath chosen, in Christ, unto everlasting glory, out of his mere free grace and love, without any foresight of faith, or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing in the creature, as conditions, or causes moving him thereunto; and all to the praise of his glorious grace.

6. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so hath he, by the eternal and most free purpose of his will, foreordained all the means thereunto. Wherefore, they who are elected, being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ, are effectually called unto faith in Christ by his Spirit working in due season, are justified, adopted, sanctified, and kept by his power, through faith, unto salvation. Neither are any other redeemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only.

7. The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, whereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy, as he pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power over his creatures, to pass by; and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice.

8. The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care, that men, attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election. So shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and admiration of God; and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation to all that sincerely obey the gospel.

Scripture proofs
  • Ps. 33:11; Eph. 1:11; Heb. 6:17.

    Ps. 33:11 The counsel of YHWH stands forever, the plans of His heart from generation and [to] generation.

    Eph. 1:11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

    Heb. 6:17 in which God, willing to show more abundantly the unchangeableness of His purpose to the heirs of the promise, guaranteed [it] by an oath,

  • Ps. 5:4; James 1:13–14; 1 John 1:5. (See Hab. 1:13.)

    Ps. 5:4 For You [are] not a God delighting in wickedness; evil shall not sojourn with You.

    James 1:13–14 13 Let no one being tempted say, “I am being tempted from God.” For God is unable to be tempted by evils, and He Himself tempts no one. 14 But each one is tempted, being dragged away and being enticed by [his] own desire.

    1 John 1:5 And this is the message that we have heard from Him and we announce to you⁺, that God is light, and in Him is no darkness—none.

    Hab. 1:13 Purer of eyes than to behold evil, and You are not able to look on wickedness. Why do You look on those acting treacherously, [and] remain quiet when the wicked is devouring one more righteous than he?

  • Acts 2:23; Matt. 17:12; Acts 4:27–28; John 19:11; Prov. 16:33.

    Acts 2:23 Him delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, you⁺ put to death, having crucified by lawless hands—

    Matt. 17:12 But I say to you⁺ that Elijah did already come, and they did not know him, but they did to him whatever they wanted. Thus also the Son of Man is about to suffer under them.”

    Acts 4:27–28 27 For in truth, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, were gathered together in this city against Your holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed, 28 to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose predetermined to happen.

    John 19:11 Jesus answered him, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Because of this, the one having delivered Me up to you has greater sin.”

    Prov. 16:33 Into the lap the lot is cast, and all its judgment [is] from YHWH.

  • 1 Sam. 23:11–12; Matt. 11:21, 23.

    1 Sam. 23:11–12 11 Will the men of Keilah shut me up into his hand? Will Saul come down, as Your servant has heard? O YHWH, God of Israel, declare, please, to Your servant.” And YHWH said, “He will come down.” 12 And David said, “Will the men of Keilah shut up me and my men into the hand of Saul?” And YHWH said, “They will shut [you] up.”

    Matt. 11:21, 23 21 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles having happened in you⁺ had happened in Tyre and Sidon, long ago in sackcloth and ashes they would have repented. 23 And you, Capernaum, to heaven will you be lifted up? To Hades you will be brought down! For if the miracles having happened in you had happened in Sodom, it would have remained until [this] day.

  • Rom. 9:11, 13, 16, 18.

    Rom. 9:11, 13, 16, 18 11 for they not yet having been born nor having done anything good or evil, so that the purpose of God according to election might stand— 13 As it has been written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” 16 So then, [it is] not of the one willing, nor of the one running, but of God having mercy. 18 So then, He has mercy on whom He wants, and He hardens whom He wants.

  • 1 Tim. 5:21; Jude 6; Matt. 25:31, 41.

    1 Tim. 5:21 I earnestly testify before God and Christ Jesus and the chosen angels that you should keep these things without prejudice, doing nothing according to partiality.

    Matt. 25:31, 41 31 And when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit upon the throne of His glory. 41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

    Jude 6 on BibleHub ↗

  • Eph. 1:5–6; Rom. 9:22–23; Prov. 16:4.

    Eph. 1:5–6 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He graciously gave us in the Beloved One,

    Rom. 9:22–23 22 And [what] if God, desiring to display the wrath and to make known His power, bore with much patience vessels of wrath, having been fitted for destruction, 23 so that He might also make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory,

    Prov. 16:4 YHWH has made everything for its own end—even the wicked for the day of evil.

  • John 13:18; 2 Tim. 2:19. (See John 10:14–16, 27–28; 17:2, 6, 9–12.)

    John 13:18 I speak not about all of you⁺—I know whom I chose—but so that the Scripture may be fulfilled: ‘The one eating My bread lifted up his heel against Me.’

    2 Tim. 2:19 Nevertheless, the firm foundation of God has stood, having this seal: “The Lord knows those being His,” and, “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness.”

    John 10:14–16, 27–28 14 I am the good shepherd, and I know My own, and My own know Me— 15 just as the Father knows Me and I know the Father—and I lay down My life for the sheep. 16 And I have other sheep that are not of this fold. It is necessary for Me to bring those also, and they will hear My voice, and there will be one flock [and] one shepherd. 27 My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me. 28 And I give them eternal life, and never shall they perish to the age, and no one will snatch them out of My hand.

    17:2, 6, 9–12 2 as You gave to Him authority over all flesh, so that all whom You have given to Him, He may give to them eternal life. 6 I revealed Your name to the men whom You gave to Me out of the world. They were Yours, and to Me You gave them, and they have kept Your word. 9 I ask concerning them. I do not ask concerning the world, but concerning those whom You have given to Me, for they are Yours. 10 And all things of Mine are Yours, and Yours Mine, and I have been glorified in them. 11 And I am no longer in the world, and they are themselves in the world, and I am coming to You. Holy Father, keep them in Your name, which You have given to Me, so that they may be one as We [are]. 12 When I was with them, I was keeping them in Your name, which You have given to Me. And I guarded [them], and none of them perished except the son of destruction, so that the Scripture might be fulfilled.

  • Eph. 1:4, 9, 11; Rom. 8:28–30; 2 Tim. 1:9; 1 Thess. 5:9.

    Eph. 1:4, 9, 11 4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world for us to be holy and blameless before Him, in love 9 having made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Him 11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

    Rom. 8:28–30 28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose, 29 because whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to be] conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers. 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    2 Tim. 1:9 the One having saved us and having called [us] with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace, having been given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal,

    1 Thess. 5:9 because God did not set us for wrath, but for obtaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ,

  • Rom. 9:11, 13, 15–16; Eph. 2:8–9. (See Eph. 1:5, 9, 11.)

    Rom. 9:11, 13, 15–16 11 for they not yet having been born nor having done anything good or evil, so that the purpose of God according to election might stand— 13 As it has been written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.” 15 For He says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I may have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I may have compassion.” 16 So then, [it is] not of the one willing, nor of the one running, but of God having mercy.

    Eph. 2:8–9 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God, 9 not by works, so that no one may boast.

    Eph. 1:5, 9, 11 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 9 having made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Him 11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

  • Eph. 1:6, 12.

    Eph. 1:6, 12 6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He graciously gave us in the Beloved One, 12 for us to be to the praise of His glory, the ones having first hoped in Christ,

  • 1 Peter 1:2; Eph. 2:10; 2 Thess. 2:13.

    1 Peter 1:2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: May grace and peace be multiplied to you⁺.

    Eph. 2:10 For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.

    2 Thess. 2:13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth,

  • 1 Thess. 5:9–10; Titus 2:14.

    1 Thess. 5:9–10 9 because God did not set us for wrath, but for obtaining salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, 10 the One having died for us, so that whether we may watch or we may sleep, we may live together with Him.

    Titus 2:14 who gave Himself for us that He might redeem us from all lawlessness and might purify to Himself a people specially His, zealous for good works.

  • Rom. 8:30. (See Eph. 1:5; 2 Thess. 2:13.)

    Rom. 8:30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    Eph. 1:5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

    2 Thess. 2:13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth,

  • 1 Peter 1:5.

    1 Peter 1:5 who [are] being guarded in the power of God through faith for the salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.

  • John 10:14–15, 26; John 6:64–65; Rom. 8:28–39. (See John 8:47; 17:9; 1 John 2:19.)

    John 10:14–15, 26 14 I am the good shepherd, and I know My own, and My own know Me— 15 just as the Father knows Me and I know the Father—and I lay down My life for the sheep. 26 But you⁺ do not believe, because you⁺ are not of My sheep.

    John 6:64–65 64 But there are some of you⁺ who do not believe.” For Jesus had known from the beginning who are those not believing and who it is who will betray Him. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.”

    Rom. 8:28–39 28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose, 29 because whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to be] conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers. 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified. 31 What then will we say to these things? If God [is] for us, who [can be] against us— 32 He who indeed did not spare [His] own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how will He not also with Him graciously give us all things? 33 Who will bring an accusation against the chosen ones of God? God [is] the One justifying. 34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us. 35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? 36 As it has been written: “For Your sake we face death all the day; we were reckoned as sheep of slaughter.” 37 But in all these things we are more than conquerors through the One having loved us. 38 For I am persuaded that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities, nor things present nor things about to be, nor powers, 39 nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God that [is] in Christ Jesus our Lord.

    John 8:47 The one being of God hears the words of God; because of this you⁺ do not hear, because you⁺ are not of God.”

    17:9 I ask concerning them. I do not ask concerning the world, but concerning those whom You have given to Me, for they are Yours.

    1 John 2:19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have remained with us. But [it is] so that it might be made manifest that they are not all of us.

  • Matt. 11:25–26; Rom. 9:17–18, 21–22; Jude 4; 1 Peter 2:8; 2 Tim. 2:19–20.

    Matt. 11:25–26 25 In that time, answering, Jesus said, “I acknowledge You, Father, Lord of the heaven and of the earth, because You hid these things from the wise and intelligent, and You revealed them to little children. 26 Yes, Father, because of this it was good pleasure before You.

    Rom. 9:17–18, 21–22 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “For this very thing I raised you up, so that I might display My power in you, and that My name should be declared in all the earth.” 18 So then, He has mercy on whom He wants, and He hardens whom He wants. 21 Or does the potter not have authority over the clay to make out of the same lump the one vessel indeed for honor, but the one for dishonor? 22 And [what] if God, desiring to display the wrath and to make known His power, bore with much patience vessels of wrath, having been fitted for destruction,

    1 Peter 2:8 and, “A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” [They] stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.

    2 Tim. 2:19–20 19 Nevertheless, the firm foundation of God has stood, having this seal: “The Lord knows those being His,” and, “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness.” 20 Now in a great house there are not only golden and silver vessels, but also wooden and earthen; and some indeed for honor, but some for dishonor.

    Jude 4 on BibleHub ↗

  • Rom. 9:20; Rom. 11:33; Deut. 29:29.

    Rom. 9:20 But rather, O man, who are you answering against God? [Will] the thing formed say to the One having formed [it], “Why did you make me thus?”

    Rom. 11:33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways!

    Deut. 29:29 The things hidden are of YHWH our God, and the things revealed [are] to us and to our sons even to forever, that [we] may do all the words of this law.

  • 2 Peter 1:10; 1 Thess. 1:4–5.

    2 Peter 1:10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble.

    1 Thess. 1:4–5 4 knowing, brothers beloved by God, your⁺ election, 5 because our gospel came to you⁺ not in word only, but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and with much full assurance, just as you⁺ know what we were among you⁺ on account of you⁺.

  • Eph. 1:6. (See Rom. 11:33.)

    Eph. 1:6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He graciously gave us in the Beloved One,

    Rom. 11:33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways!

  • Rom. 11:5–6, 20; Rom. 8:33; Luke 10:20. (See 2 Peter 1:10.)

    Rom. 11:5–6, 20 5 So then also in the present time, there has been a remnant according to the election of grace, 6 and if by grace, no longer out of works; otherwise grace no longer is grace. 20 Rightly so: They were broken off by unbelief, but you have stood by faith. Do not be high-minded, but be afraid.

    Rom. 8:33 Who will bring an accusation against the chosen ones of God? God [is] the One justifying.

    Luke 10:20 But do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you⁺; but rejoice that your⁺ names have been written in the heavens.”

    2 Peter 1:10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree38 shared proof texts · 16 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head: Rejection of the Errors14 shared proof texts · 12 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1315 shared proof texts · 7 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 5415 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1211 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 2611 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 4: Of Creation

1. It pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness, in the beginning, to create, or make of nothing, the world, and all things therein whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days; and all very good.

2. After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female, with reasonable and immortal souls, endued with knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image; having the law of God written in their hearts, and power to fulfill it: and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject unto change. Beside this law written in their hearts, they received a command, not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; which while they kept, they were happy in their communion with God, and had dominion over the creatures.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 11:36; 1 Cor. 8:6; Heb. 1:2; John 1:2–3; Gen. 1:2; Job 33:4.

    Rom. 11:36 For from Him and through Him and unto Him [are] all things. To Him [be] the glory to the ages! Amen.

    1 Cor. 8:6 yet to us [there is] one God the Father, of whom [are] all things, and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom [are] all things, and we through Him.

    Heb. 1:2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages,

    John 1:2–3 2 This One was in the beginning with God. 3 All things came into being through Him, and without Him not even one [thing] came into being that has come into being.

    Gen. 1:2 And the earth was formless and void, and darkness [was] over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

    Job 33:4 The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of Shaddai gives me life.

  • Rom. 1:20; Jer. 10:12; Ps. 104:24; Ps. 33:5.

    Rom. 1:20 For from the creation of the world His invisible [qualities], both His eternal power and divinity, are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, for them to be without excuse.

    Jer. 10:12 He has made the earth by His power; He established the world by His wisdom, and by His understanding He has stretched out the heavens.

    Ps. 104:24 How many are Your works, O YHWH! All of them You have made in wisdom; the earth is full of Your creatures.

    Ps. 33:5 He loves righteousness and justice; the earth is full of the loving devotion of YHWH.

  • Gen. 1:1–31; Ps. 33:6; Heb. 11:3; Col. 1:16; Acts 17:24; Ex. 20:11.

    Gen. 1:1–31 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was formless and void, and darkness [was] over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. 3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that [it was] good. And God divided between the light and between the darkness. 5 And God called the light “Day,” and the darkness He called “Night.” And there was evening and there was morning—day one. 6 And God said, “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it be dividing between waters [and] waters.” 7 And God made the firmament, and He divided between the waters that [were] under the firmament, and between the waters that [were] above the firmament. And it was so. 8 And God called the firmament “Heavens.” And there was evening and there was morning—the second day. 9 And God said, “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land be seen.” And it was so. 10 And God called the dry land “Earth,” and the gathering of the waters He called “Seas.” And God saw that [it was] good. 11 And God said, “Let the earth sprout vegetation: The plant bearing seed [and] the fruit tree producing fruit according to its kind (whose seed [is] in it) on the earth.” And it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth vegetation: The plant bearing seed according to its kind, and the tree producing fruit (whose seed [is] in it) according to its kind. And God saw that [it was] good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning—the third day. 14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens, to divide between the day and between the night, and let them be for signs and for appointed times and for days and years, 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens, to shine upon the earth.” And it was so. 16 And God made the two great lights: The greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars. 17 And God set them in the firmament of the heavens, to shine upon the earth, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide between the light and between the darkness. And God saw that [it was] good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning—the fourth day. 20 And God said, “Let the waters swarm [with] a swarm of living souls, and let the bird fly above the earth, on the face of the firmament of the heavens.” 21 And God created the great sea creatures and every living soul that is crawling, with which the waters swarmed according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that [it was] good. 22 And God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let the bird multiply in the earth.” 23 And there was evening and there was morning—the fifth day. 24 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living soul according to its kind: Livestock and the crawling thing and beast of the earth according to its kind.” And it was so. 25 And God made the beast of the earth according to its kind, and the livestock according to its kind, and every crawling thing [on] the earth according to its kind. And God saw that [it was] good. 26 And God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the heavens, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every crawling thing that crawls upon the earth.” 27 And God created the man in His image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. 28 And God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it. And rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over every living thing that is crawling upon the earth.” 29 And God said, “Behold, I have given to you⁺ every plant bearing seed which [is] on the face of all the earth, and every tree that [has] in [it] the fruit of a tree bearing seed—it shall be for food to you⁺— 30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything crawling upon the earth which [has] in it a living soul, every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, [it was] very good! And there was evening and there was morning—the sixth day.

    Ps. 33:6 By the word of YHWH the heavens were made, and by the breath of His mouth all their host.

    Heb. 11:3 By faith we understand the ages to have been completed thoroughly by the word of God, in order for that being seen not to have come into being out of the things being visible.

    Col. 1:16 because in Him were created all things in the heavens and on the earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or lordships or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through Him and for Him.

    Acts 17:24 The God having made the world and all things that [are] in it, He, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in hand-made temples,

    Ex. 20:11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

  • Gen. 1:27.

    Gen. 1:27 And God created the man in His image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

  • Gen. 2:7; Eccl. 12:7; Luke 23:43; Matt. 10:28.

    Gen. 2:7 And YHWH God formed the man [from] dust of the ground, and He breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living soul.

    Eccl. 12:7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

    Luke 23:43 And He said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

    Matt. 10:28 And do not be afraid of those killing the body but not being able to kill the soul. But fear, rather, the One being able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

  • Gen. 1:26; Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24.

    Gen. 1:26 And God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the heavens, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every crawling thing that crawls upon the earth.”

    Col. 3:10 and having put on the new, the one being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the One having created him,

    Eph. 4:24 and to have put on the new man, having been created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

  • Rom. 2:14–15.

    Rom. 2:14–15 14 For when Gentiles, not having the law, may do by nature the things of the law, these not having a law are a law to themselves, 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also testifying, and the thoughts between one another accusing or also defending [them]

  • Gen. 2:17; Eccl. 7:29.

    Gen. 2:17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Eccl. 7:29 See, this alone I have found: That God made man upright, and they have sought out many schemes.

  • Gen. 3:6, 17.

    Gen. 3:6, 17 6 And the woman saw that the tree [was] good for food, and that it [was] pleasant to the eyes and the tree [was] desirable to make one wise. And she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. 17 And to the man He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and ate from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘you shall not eat from it,’ cursed is the ground on your account, in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life,

  • Gen. 2:17; Gen. 2:15–3:24.

    Gen. 2:17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Gen. 2:15–3:24 15 And YHWH God took the man and He caused him to rest in the garden of Eden, to work it and to keep it. 24 And He drove out the man, and He caused to dwell at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim and the flame of the sword that turns itself to guard the way to the tree of life.

  • Gen. 1:28. (See Gen. 1:29–30; Ps. 8:6–8.)

    Gen. 1:28 And God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it. And rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over every living thing that is crawling upon the earth.”

    Gen. 1:29–30 29 And God said, “Behold, I have given to you⁺ every plant bearing seed which [is] on the face of all the earth, and every tree that [has] in [it] the fruit of a tree bearing seed—it shall be for food to you⁺— 30 and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything crawling upon the earth which [has] in it a living soul, every green plant for food.” And it was so.

    Ps. 8:6–8 6 You made him to rule over the works of Your hands; You have placed everything under his feet: 7 All sheep and cattle, and also the beasts of the field, 8 the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, those passing [on] the paths of the seas.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 1717 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 4: Of Creation15 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 208 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 65 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 925 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 154 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 5: Of Providence

1. God the great Creator of all things doth uphold, direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things, from the greatest even to the least, by his most wise and holy providence, according to his infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will, to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.

2. Although, in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the First Cause, all things come to pass immutably, and infallibly; yet, by the same providence, he ordereth them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently.

3. God, in his ordinary providence, maketh use of means, yet is free to work without, above, and against them, at his pleasure.

4. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God so far manifest themselves in his providence, that it extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men; and that not by a bare permission, but such as hath joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding, and otherwise ordering, and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends; yet so, as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creature, and not from God, who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.

5. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God doth oftentimes leave, for a season, his own children to manifold temptations, and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled; and, to raise them to a more close and constant dependence for their support upon himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends.

6. As for those wicked and ungodly men whom God, as a righteous Judge, for former sins, doth blind and harden, from them he not only withholdeth his grace whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings, and wrought upon in their hearts; but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they had, and exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasions of sin; and, withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan, whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under those means which God useth for the softening of others.

7. As the providence of God doth, in general, reach to all creatures; so, after a most special manner, it taketh care of his church, and disposeth all things to the good thereof.

Scripture proofs
  • Neh. 9:6; Ps. 145:14–16; Heb. 1:3.

    Neh. 9:6 You [are] He, YHWH, You alone; You have made the heavens, the heavens of the heavens, and all their host, the earth and all that is on it, the seas and all that is in them, and You give life to all things, and the host of the heavens gives worship to You.

    Ps. 145:14–16 14 YHWH is upholding all those falling, and raising up all those bent down low. 15 The eyes of all wait for You, and You give to them their food in its time. 16 You open Your hand, and satisfy the desire of every living thing.

    Heb. 1:3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

  • Dan. 4:34–35; Ps. 135:6; Acts 17:25–28; Job 38–41.

    Dan. 4:34–35 34 And at the end of the days, I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted my eyes to the heavens, and my understanding returned to me, and to the Most High I offered blessing, and to the One Living forever I gave praise and honor: “For His dominion [is] a dominion everlasting, and His kingdom [is] from generation to generation; 35 and all those dwelling in the earth are regarded as nothing, and He does according to His will among the host of the heaven and those dwelling in the earth; and there is no one who can strike on His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’”

    Ps. 135:6 All that YHWH delights in, He does, in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and all the depths,

    Acts 17:25–28 25 nor is He served by hands of men as needing anything—He [who] gives to all life and breath and all things. 26 And He made out of one [man] every nation of men to dwell upon all the face of the earth, having determined the appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation, 27 to seek God, if perhaps indeed they might feel after Him and might find Him. And indeed, He is not far from each one of us. 28 ‘For in Him we live and move and are.’ As also some of the poets among you⁺ have said, ‘For we are also [His] offspring.’

    Job 38 on BibleHub ↗

    Job 39 on BibleHub ↗

    Job 40 on BibleHub ↗

    Job 41 on BibleHub ↗

  • Matt. 10:29–31. (See Matt. 6:26–32.)

    Matt. 10:29–31 29 Are not two sparrows sold for an assarion? And not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your⁺ Father. 30 And even the hairs of your⁺ head are all numbered. 31 Therefore do not be afraid; you⁺ are more valuable than many sparrows.

    Matt. 6:26–32 26 Look at the birds of the sky, that they do not sow, nor do they reap, nor do they gather into barns, and your⁺ heavenly Father feeds them. Are you⁺ not much more valuable than they? 27 And who of you⁺, being anxious, is able to add to his lifespan one cubit? 28 And why are you⁺ anxious about clothing? Consider carefully the lilies of the field, how they grow: They do not labor, nor do they spin. 29 Yet I say to you⁺ that not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. 30 But if God thus clothes the grass of the field, being today and tomorrow being thrown into the furnace, [will He] not much more you⁺, O little of faith? 31 Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘[With] what shall we be clothed?’ 32 For the nations seek after all these things. For your⁺ heavenly Father knows that you⁺ have need of all of these.

  • Prov. 15:3; 2 Chron. 16:9; Ps. 104:24; Ps. 145:17.

    Prov. 15:3 The eyes of YHWH [are] in every place, watching evil ones and good ones.

    2 Chron. 16:9 For YHWH—His eyes go to and fro in all the earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose heart [is] perfect to Him. You have acted foolishly regarding this; therefore from now on there will be wars with you.”

    Ps. 104:24 How many are Your works, O YHWH! All of them You have made in wisdom; the earth is full of Your creatures.

    Ps. 145:17 Righteous [is] YHWH in all His ways, and kind in all His works.

  • Acts 15:18; Isa. 42:9; Ezek. 11:5.

    Acts 15:18 known from the age.’

    Isa. 42:9 Behold, the former things, they have come, and new [things] I am declaring—before they spring forth, I proclaim [them] to you⁺.”

    Ezek. 11:5 And fell upon me the Spirit of YHWH, and He said to me, “Say, thus says YHWH: Thus you⁺ have said, O house of Israel—and the [things] coming upon your⁺ spirit I know.

  • Eph. 1:11; Ps. 33:10–11.

    Eph. 1:11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

    Ps. 33:10–11 10 YHWH breaks apart the counsel of nations; He has diasllowed the plans of the peoples. 11 The counsel of YHWH stands forever, the plans of His heart from generation and [to] generation.

  • Isa. 63:14; Eph. 3:10; Rom. 9:17; Gen. 45:7; Ps. 145:7.

    Isa. 63:14 As the beast goes down into the valley, the Spirit of YHWH gave them rest—thus You led Your people, to make for Yourself a glorious name.

    Eph. 3:10 so that [there] might be made known now to the rulers and the authorities in the heavenly realms, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God,

    Rom. 9:17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “For this very thing I raised you up, so that I might display My power in you, and that My name should be declared in all the earth.”

    Gen. 45:7 And God sent me before you⁺ to make for you⁺ a remnant in the earth, and to give life to you⁺ by a great deliverance.

    Ps. 145:7 The memory of the abundance of Your goodness they will pour forth, and Your righteousness they will sing out.

  • Acts 2:23. (See Isa. 14:24, 27.)

    Acts 2:23 Him delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, you⁺ put to death, having crucified by lawless hands—

    Isa. 14:24, 27 24 YHWH of Hosts has sworn, saying, “Surely as I have purposed, so it will be, and as I have counseled, [so] it will stand: 27 For YHWH of Hosts has counseled, and who can break [it]? And His hand is stretched out, and who can turn it back?

  • Gen. 8:22; Jer. 31:35; Isa. 10:6–7. (See Ex. 21:13 and Deut. 19:5; 1 Kings 22:28–34.)

    Gen. 8:22 Throughout all the days of the earth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.”

    Jer. 31:35 Thus says YHWH, who gives the sun for a light by day, [and] the ordinances of the moon and the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea when its waves roar—YHWH of Hosts [is] His name:

    Isa. 10:6–7 6 I will send him against a godless nation and I will order him against the people of My wrath, to plunder the plunder and to prey [on] the prey, and to set [them] for trampling like the clay of the streets. 7 And he does not consider [it] so, and his heart does not reckon [it] so, for to destroy [is] in his heart, and to cut off nations—not a few.

    Ex. 21:13 And if he did not lie in wait and God caused [it] to meet his hand, then I will appoint for you a place where there he may flee.

    Deut. 19:5 and he who goes with his neighbor into the forest to cut timber, and his hand swings with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies, he shall flee to one of these cities and live,

    1 Kings 22:28–34 28 And Micaiah said, “If you ever return in peace, YHWH has not spoken by me.” And he said, “Take heed, peoples, all of them.” 29 And the king of Israel went up, and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, to Ramoth-gilead. 30 And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “I will disguise myself and come into the battle, and you put on your robes.” And the king of Israel disguised himself and went into the battle. 31 And the king of Aram had commanded the captains of the chariots who [were] unto him, thirty-two, saying, “You⁺ shall not fight with small or with great, except but with the king of Israel by himself.” 32 And it came to pass, the commanders of the chariots seeing Jehoshaphat, that they said, “It [is] surely the king of Israel.” And they turned aside to fight against him, and Jehoshaphat cried out. 33 And it came to pass, the captains of the chariots seeing that it [was] not the king of Israel, that they turned back from pursuing him. 34 And a man drew with the bow in his simplicity, and he struck the king of Israel between the joints and between of armor. And he said to the driver of his chariot, “Turn your hand and take me out of the battle, for I am wounded.”

  • Acts 27:24, 31, 44b; Isa. 55:10–11.

    Acts 27:24, 31, 44 24 saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul. It is necessary for you to stand before Caesar. And behold, God has granted to you all those sailing with you.’ 31 Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, “Unless these remain in the ship, you⁺ are not able to be saved.” 44 and the rest, some indeed on boards and some on things from the ship. And thus it came to pass [that] all were brought safely to the land.

    Isa. 55:10–11 10 For as the rain comes down—and the snow—from the heavens, and [from] there it does not return until it has quenched the earth and made it bring forth and sprout, that it may give seed to the one sowing and bread to the one eating, 11 so is My word that goes forth from My mouth: It will not return to Me empty until it has done that which I delight, and it will prosper for that which I send it.

  • Hos. 1:7; Matt. 4:4; Job 34:20.

    Hos. 1:7 And [on] the house of Judah I will have compassion, and I will save them, by YHWH their God; I will not save them by bow, or by sword, or by battle, by horses, or by horsemen.”

    Matt. 4:4 But answering, He said, “It has been written: ‘Not on bread alone shall the man live, but on every word coming out through the mouth of God.’”

    Job 34:20 [In] a moment they die, and in the middle of the night the people are shaken and pass away; and the mighty are taken away, not by a hand.

  • Rom. 4:19–21.

    Rom. 4:19–21 19 And not having become weak in the faith, he considered his body already having become dead, being about a hundred years old, and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 20 Yet he did not doubt in unbelief in the promise of God, but was empowered in faith, having given glory to God, 21 and having been fully assured that what He has promised, He is also able to do.

  • 2 Kings 6:6; Dan. 3:27.

    2 Kings 6:6 And the man of God said, “Where did it fall?” And he showed him the place, and he cut off a stick and threw [it] in there; and the iron he made float.

    Dan. 3:27 And gathered together the satraps, the administrators, and the governors, and the counselors of the king, and they saw these men whom the fire had no power over their bodies, and the hair of their head was not singed, and their garments were not changed, and the smell of fire had not passed over them.

  • Isa. 45:7; Rom. 11:32–34; 2 Sam. 16:10; Acts 2:23; Acts 4:27–28. (See 2 Sam. 24:1 and 1 Chron. 21:1; 1 Kings 22:22–23; 1 Chron. 10:4, 13–14.)

    Isa. 45:7 forming the light and creating darkness, making peace and creating calamity—I [am] YHWH, the One doing all these [things]!

    Rom. 11:32–34 32 For God closed up all in disobedience so that He may have mercy on all. 33 O, the depth of riches, both of wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways! 34 “For who knew the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?”

    2 Sam. 16:10 And the king said, “What have I with you⁺, O sons of Zeruiah? If he curses because YHWH has said to him, ‘Curse David,’ who shall say, ‘Why have you done so?’”

    Acts 2:23 Him delivered up by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, you⁺ put to death, having crucified by lawless hands—

    Acts 4:27–28 27 For in truth, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, were gathered together in this city against Your holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed, 28 to do whatever Your hand and Your purpose predetermined to happen.

    2 Sam. 24:1 And the anger of YHWH added to be hot against Israel, and He moved David against them, saying, “Go, number Israel and Judah.”

    1 Chron. 21:1 And Satan stood up against Israel and incited David to number Israel.

    1 Kings 22:22–23 22 And he said, ‘I will go and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.’ And He said, ‘Entice him and also you will prevail. Go and do so.’ 23 And now, behold, YHWH has put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours, and YHWH has declared disaster against you.”

    1 Chron. 10:4, 13–14 4 And Saul said to the bearer of his armor, “Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, lest these uncircumcised men come and abuse me.” And the bearer of his armor was not willing, for he was exceedingly afraid. And Saul took a sword and fell on it. 13 And Saul died for his unfaithfulness that he trespassed against YHWH, against the word of YHWH, because he did not keep [it], and also because he consulted a medium to inquire. 14 [He] inquired not of YHWH. And He killed him and turned over the kingdom to David son of Jesse.

  • John 12:40; 2 Thess. 2:11.

    John 12:40 “He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they might not see with the eyes, and understand with the heart, and turn, and I will heal them.”

    2 Thess. 2:11 And because of this, God sends to them a working of delusion for them to believe the lie,

  • Ps. 76:10; 2 Kings 19:28.

    Ps. 76:10 for the wrath of man shall praise You; with the remainder of wrath You gird Yourself.

    2 Kings 19:28 Because your raging against me and your tumult have come up to My ears, I will put My hook in your nose and My bridle in your lips, and I will turn you back by the way in which you came.’

  • Gen. 50:20; Isa. 10:12. (See Isa. 10:6–7, 13–15.)

    Gen. 50:20 And you⁺—you⁺ intended evil against me, God intended it for good, in order to bring about a day like this, to keep alive many people.

    Isa. 10:12 And it will come to pass, when YHWH has cut off all his work against Mount Zion and against Jerusalem: “I will reckon with the fruit of the magnitude of the heart of the king of Assyria and with the splendor of the loftiness of his eyes.

    Isa. 10:6–7, 13–15 6 I will send him against a godless nation and I will order him against the people of My wrath, to plunder the plunder and to prey [on] the prey, and to set [them] for trampling like the clay of the streets. 7 And he does not consider [it] so, and his heart does not reckon [it] so, for to destroy [is] in his heart, and to cut off nations—not a few. 13 For he says, ‘By the power of my hand I have done [this], and by my own wisdom, for I have understanding; and I have removed the boundaries of the peoples, and their treasuries I have plundered; and I have brought down like a mighty one those sitting! 14 And my hand has found the riches of the peoples as a nest; and as a gathering of forsaken eggs I have gathered all the earth; and there has not been one flapping a wing or opening [its] mouth and chirping.’” 15 Will the ax glorify itself over the one hewing with it? Or will the saw exalt itself over one waving it—waving it as a rod of the one raising it, lifting it up as a staff not of wood!

  • James 1:13–14, 17; 1 John 2:16; Ps. 50:21.

    James 1:13–14, 17 13 Let no one being tempted say, “I am being tempted from God.” For God is unable to be tempted by evils, and He Himself tempts no one. 14 But each one is tempted, being dragged away and being enticed by [his] own desire. 17 Every good act of giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow of turning.

    1 John 2:16 because all that [is] in the world, the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the vaunting of life, is not from the Father but is from the world.

    Ps. 50:21 These [things] you have done, and I kept silent; you thought I was just like you. I will rebuke you and set in array before your eyes.

  • 2 Chron. 32:25–26, 31; Deut. 8:2–3, 5; Luke 22:31–32. (See 2 Sam. 24:1, 25.)

    2 Chron. 32:25–26, 31 25 And Hezekiah did not repay according to the deed to him, for his heart was lifted up; and there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem. 26 And Hezekiah humbled himself for the loftiness of his heart, he and those dwelling in Jerusalem, so that the wrath of YHWH did not come upon them in the days of Hezekiah. 31 And so with the ambassadors of the heads of Babylon, those sending to him to inquire about the sign that was [done] in the land, God withdrew from him in order to test him, that He might know all in his heart.

    Deut. 8:2–3, 5 2 And you shall remember the whole way that YHWH your God led you this forty years in the wilderness, to humble you and test you to know what [was] in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. 3 And He humbled you and allowed you to hunger, and fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, so that He might make you know that the man shall not live by bread alone; but by every [word] that proceeds from the mouth of YHWH the man shall live. 5 And you shall know in your heart that as a man disciplines his son, YHWH your God disciplines you.

    Luke 22:31–32 31 Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked for all of you⁺ to sift like wheat. 32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    2 Sam. 24:1, 25 1 And the anger of YHWH added to be hot against Israel, and He moved David against them, saying, “Go, number Israel and Judah.” 25 And David built there an altar to YHWH, and he offered up burnt offerings and peace offerings. And YHWH heeded the prayers for the land, and the plague was withdrawn from Israel.

  • 2 Cor. 12:7–9. (See Ps. 73:1–28; 77:1–12; Mark 14:66–72; John 21:15–19.)

    2 Cor. 12:7–9 7 and the surpassingness of the revelations. Therefore, so that I should not be over-exalted, a thorn in [my] flesh was given to me, a messenger of Satan, that he might buffet me, so that I should not be over-exalted. 8 Three times I entreated the Lord for this, that it might depart from me. 9 And He has said to me, “My grace suffices for you, for the power is perfected in weakness.” Most gladly, therefore, rather, I will boast in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me.

    Ps. 73:1–28 1 A Psalm of Asaph. Surely God [is] good to Israel, to those pure of heart. 2 And [as for] me, at a little stretching out of my feet, my steps had nearly poured out. 3 For I was envious of those boasting [when] I saw the prosperity of the wicked. 4 For there are no pangs until their death, and their body [is] fat. 5 They [are] not in the trouble of mankind, and with men they are not are they plagued. 6 Therefore pride is their necklace; a garment of violence is a covering for them. 7 Their eye has bulged out from fat, the imaginations of their heart overflow. 8 They scoff and speak with malice; from a high place they speak oppression. 9 They have set their mouth in the heavens, and their tongue walks through the earth. 10 Therefore his people turn here, and waters of fullness are wrung out for them. 11 And they say, “How can God know? And is there knowledge in the Most High?” 12 Behold, these [are] the wicked, and at ease always, they have increased in wealth. 13 Surely [in] vain I have cleansed my heart, and I have washed my hands in innocence. 14 For I have been stricken all the day, and chastened in the morning. 15 If I had said, “I will speak like this,” behold, I would have betrayed the generation of Your sons. 16 And I thought to know this—it [was] toil in my eyes— 17 until I came to the sanctuary of God, [and] discerned their end. 18 Surely You set them on slick ground; You make them fall to destruction. 19 How they have become a desolation in a moment! They are swept away completely by terrors. 20 As a dream from awakening, O Lord, in rousing Yourself, You shall despise their image. 21 For my heart had grown sour, and my kidneys pierce themselves. 22 And I [was] brutish and could not know; I was a beast before You. 23 And I [am] always with You; You hold my right hand. 24 May You lead me with Your counsel, and afterward You will receive me [in] glory! 25 Who [is] unto me in the heavens? And besides You I do not take delight on the earth. 26 My flesh and my heart may be consumed, the rock of my heart and my portion [is] God to the age. 27 For behold, those far from You will perish. You destroy everyone prostituting himself from You! 28 But I—the nearness of God [is] good for me—I have placed my refuge in the Lord YHWH, to recount all Your works.

    77:1–12 1 For the one directing. According to Jeduthun. Of Asaph. A Psalm. My voice [is] to God—indeed I cry out [with] my voice to God—and He has given ear to me. 2 In the day of my distress I sought the Lord; my hand in the night has been stretched out, and it does not slacken; my soul refuses to be comforted. 3 I remember God, and I groan; I meditate, and my spirit becomes faint. Selah 4 You hold the lids of my eyes; I am troubled, and I cannot speak. 5 I consider the days of old, the years of ages [past]. 6 I remember, my song in the night; with my heart I converse, and my spirit searches. 7 “Will the Lord forever reject [us], and not anymore will He add to show favor? 8 Has His loving devotion ceased forever? Has [His] speech come to an end to generation and generation? 9 Or has God forgotten to show favor? Has He shut up in anger His compassion?” Selah 10 and I said, “I am grieved. Has it changed—the right hand of the Most High?” 11 I will remember the deeds of YAH; indeed, I will remember Your wonder of old. 12 And I have meditated on all Your work, and I put forth Your deeds.

    Mark 14:66–72 66 And of Peter being below in the courtyard, one of the servant girls of the high priest comes, 67 and having seen Peter warming himself, having looked at him, she says, “You also were with the Nazarene, Jesus.” 68 But he denied [it], saying, “I neither know nor understand what you say.” And he went forth out into the gateway, and the rooster crowed. 69 And the servant girl, having seen him, began to say again to those standing by, “This is one of them.” 70 But he denied [it] again. And after a little while, again those standing by were saying to Peter, “Truly you are of them, for you also are a Galilean.” 71 But he began to curse and to swear, “I do not know this man of whom you⁺ speak!” 72 And immediately a rooster crowed for the second time. And Peter remembered the word that Jesus said to him: “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And having broken down, he began to weep.

    John 21:15–19 15 Therefore when they had dined, Jesus says to Simon Peter, “Simon [son] of John, do you love Me more than these?” He says to Him, “Yes, Lord, You know that I dearly love You.” He says to him, “Feed My lambs.” 16 He says to him again a second time, “Simon [son] of John, do you love Me?” He says to Him, “Yes, Lord, You know that I dearly love You.” He says to him, “Shepherd My sheep.” 17 He says to him the third time, “Simon [son] of John, do you dearly love Me?” Peter was grieved because He said to him the third time, “Do you dearly love Me?” And he said to Him, “Lord, You know all things; You know that I dearly love You.” Jesus says to him, “Feed My sheep. 18 Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you were girding yourself and were walking where you were wanting; but when you shall be old, you will stretch forth your hands, and another will gird you and will bring [you] where you do not want.” 19 Now He said this, signifying by what death he will glorify God. And having said this, He says to him, “Follow Me.”

  • Rom. 1:24, 26, 28; Rom. 11:7–8.

    Rom. 1:24, 26, 28 24 Therefore God gave them up in the sinful desires of their hearts to uncleanness to dishonor their bodies among themselves, 26 Because of this, God gave up them to passions of dishonor. For even their females changed the natural use into that contrary to nature. 28 And just as they did not see fit to have God in [their] knowledge, God gave them up to an unfit mind, to do the [things] not being proper;

    Rom. 11:7–8 7 What then? What Israel seeks after, this it did not obtain, but the elect obtained [it]. And the rest were hardened, 8 as it has been written: God gave “them a spirit of stupor, eyes not to see, and ears not to hear, unto this very day.”

  • Deut. 29:4; Mark 4:11–12.

    Deut. 29:4 And YHWH has not given to you⁺ a heart to perceive and eyes to see and ears to hear, to this day.

    Mark 4:11–12 11 And He was saying to them, “To you⁺ has been given the mystery of the kingdom of God, but to those who [are] outside, everything is done in parables, 12 so that: ‘Seeing they might see and not perceive, and hearing they might hear and not understand, lest ever they might return, and they might be forgiven.’””

  • Matt. 13:12; Matt. 25:29. (See Acts 13:10–11.)

    Matt. 13:12 For whoever has, [it] will be given to him, and he will be in abundance. And whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him.

    Matt. 25:29 For everyone having will be given, and he will have in abundance. But the one not having, even that which he has will be taken away from him.

    Acts 13:10–11 10 said, “O full of all deceit and all craftiness, son of the devil, enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease perverting the straight ways of the Lord? 11 And now behold, the hand of the Lord [is] upon you, and you will be blind, not seeing the sun for a season.” And immediately mist and darkness fell upon him, and going about, he was seeking someone to lead [him] by the hand.

  • Gen. 4:8; 2 Kings 8:12–13. (See Matt. 26:14–16.)

    Gen. 4:8 And Cain said to Abel his brother, [ “Let us go into the field.” ] And it came to pass in their being in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him.

    2 Kings 8:12–13 12 And Hazael said, “Why is my lord weeping?” And He answered, “Because I know the evil that you will do to the sons of Israel—their strongholds you will send into the fire, and their young men you will kill with the sword, and their children you will dash to pieces, and their pregnant [women] you will split open.” 13 And Hazael said, “But what [is] your servant, a dog, that he should do this great thing?” And Elisha answered, “YHWH has made me see that you [will be] king over Aram.”

    Matt. 26:14–16 14 Then one of the Twelve, the one being called Judas Iscariot, having gone to the chief priests, 15 said, “What are you⁺ willing to give me, and I will betray Him to you⁺?” And they appointed to him thirty pieces of silver. 16 And from that time, he was seeking an opportunity, that he might betray Him.

  • Ps. 109:6; Luke 22:3; 2 Thess. 2:10–12.

    Ps. 109:6 Appoint a wicked man over him, and let an adversary stand at his right hand.

    Luke 22:3 And Satan entered into Judas, the one being called Iscariot, being of the number of the Twelve.

    2 Thess. 2:10–12 10 and in every deception of wickedness to those perishing, because they did not receive the love of the truth in order for them to be saved. 11 And because of this, God sends to them a working of delusion for them to believe the lie, 12 so that all those not having believed the truth but having been well pleased in unrighteousness should be judged.

  • Ex. 8:15, 32; 2 Cor. 2:15–16; Isa. 8:14; 1 Peter 2:7–8. (See Ex. 7:3; Isa. 6:9–10; Acts 28:26–27.)

    Ex. 8:15, 32 15 And Pharaoh saw that there was relief, and he made heavy his heart, and he did not listen to them, as YHWH had spoken. 32 And Pharaoh made heavy his heart also at this time, and he did not send out the people.

    2 Cor. 2:15–16 15 For we are a sweet smell of Christ to God among those being saved and among those perishing: 16 to one indeed a smell from death to death, but to one a smell from life to life. And who [is] sufficient for these things?

    Isa. 8:14 And He be for a sanctuary, and for a stone of striking and for a rock of falling for the two houses of Israel, for a trap and for a snare for those dwelling in Jerusalem!

    1 Peter 2:7–8 7 Therefore the preciousness [is] to you⁺ who [are] believing. But [to] [those] disbelieving, “The stone that those building rejected, this became into the head of the corner,” 8 and, “A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” [They] stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.

    Ex. 7:3 And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and I will multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

    Isa. 6:9–10 9 And He said, “Go and say to the people this: ‘Be ever hearing and never understanding, and be ever seeing and never knowing.’ 10 Fatten the heart of this people, and its ears make heavy and its eyes shut, lest it see with its eyes, hear and with its ears, and understand [with] its heart, and turn back and there be healing for it.

    Acts 28:26–27 26 saying: ‘Go to this people and say, “In hearing you⁺ will hear and never understand; and in seeing you⁺ will see and never perceive.” 27 For the heart of this people grew dull, and with the ears they barely hear, and they have closed their eyes, lest ever they should see with the eyes, and should hear with the ears, and should understand with the heart, and should turn, and I will heal them.’

  • 1 Tim. 4:10; Amos 9:8–9; Matt. 16:18; Rom. 8:28; Isa. 43:3–5, 14.

    1 Tim. 4:10 For unto this we toil and strive, because we have hoped on the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of believers.

    Amos 9:8–9 8 Behold, the eyes of the Lord YHWH [are] on the sinful kingdom, and I will destroy it from the face of the earth—except that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob.” An utterance of YHWH. 9 “For behold, I am giving the command, and I will shake among all the nations the house of Israel, as it is shaken in a sieve, and not a pebble will fall [to] the ground.

    Matt. 16:18 And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

    Rom. 8:28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose,

    Isa. 43:3–5, 14 3 For I, YHWH, [am] your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior. I have given Egypt [for] your ransom, Cush and Seba in your place. 4 Since you are precious in My eyes, You have been honored, and I love you. And I appoint man in place of you, and peoples in exchange for your soul. 5 Do not fear, for I [am] with you; from the east I will bring your seed, and from the west I will gather you. 14 Thus says YHWH, your⁺ Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: “For your⁺ sake I will send to Babylon and bring them all down as fugitives, and the Chaldeans in the ships of their rejoicing.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 5: Of Divine Providence61 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8116 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1813 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation13 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 12512 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 17211 shared proof texts

Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof

1. Our first parents, being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned, in eating the forbidden fruit. This their sin, God was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory.

2. By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and communion with God, and so became dead in sin, and wholly defiled in all the parts and faculties of soul and body.

3. They being the root of all mankind, the guilt of this sin was imputed; and the same death in sin, and corrupted nature, conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation.

4. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good, and wholly inclined to all evil, do proceed all actual transgressions.

5. This corruption of nature, during this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated; and although it be, through Christ, pardoned, and mortified; yet both itself, and all the motions thereof, are truly and properly sin.

6. Every sin, both original and actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary thereunto, doth, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner, whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God, and curse of the law, and so made subject to death, with all miseries spiritual, temporal, and eternal.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:13; 2 Cor. 11:3.

    Gen. 3:13 And YHWH God said to the woman, “What [is] this you have done?” And the woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

    2 Cor. 11:3 But I fear, lest somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve in his craftiness, your⁺ minds might be corrupted from the simplicity and the purity that [is] to Christ.

  • See chapter 5, section 4.
  • Gen. 3:6–8; Rom. 3:23.

    Gen. 3:6–8 6 And the woman saw that the tree [was] good for food, and that it [was] pleasant to the eyes and the tree [was] desirable to make one wise. And she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. 7 And the eyes of the two of them were opened, and they knew that they [were] naked, and they sewed together leaves of the fig tree and made for themselves loincloths. 8 And they heard the voice of YHWH God walking about in the garden in the breeze of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the face of YHWH God in the midst of the trees of the garden.

    Rom. 3:23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

  • Gen. 2:17; Eph. 2:1–3. (See Rom. 5:12.)

    Gen. 2:17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Eph. 2:1–3 1 And you⁺, being dead in your⁺ trespasses and sins— 2 in which once you⁺ walked according to the age of this world, according to the ruler of the authority of the air, the spirit now working in the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

    Rom. 5:12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned.

  • Gen. 6:5; Jer. 17:9; Titus 1:15; Rom. 3:10–19.

    Gen. 6:5 And YHWH saw that the wickedness of mankind on the earth [was] great and [that] every inclination of the thoughts of his heart [was] only evil all the day.

    Jer. 17:9 The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick—who can know it?

    Titus 1:15 All things [are] pure to the pure; but to those being defiled and unbelieving, nothing [is] pure. But both their mind and conscience are defiled.

    Rom. 3:10–19 10 As it has been written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one understanding; there is no one seeking out God. 12 All turned away; together they became worthless; there is none who is doing kindness, there is not even one.” 13 “Their throat [is] a grave having been opened; they keep practicing deceit with their tongues;” “the poison of vipers [is] under their lips,” 14 “of whom the mouth is full of cursing and of bitterness;” 15 “their feet [are] swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery [are] in their paths; 17 and a way of peace they did not know.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19 Now we know that as much as the law says, it speaks to those in the law, so that every mouth may be shut, and all the world may be under judgment to God.

  • Acts 17:26; Rom. 5:12, 15–19; 1 Cor. 15:21–22, 49.

    Acts 17:26 And He made out of one [man] every nation of men to dwell upon all the face of the earth, having determined the appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation,

    Rom. 5:12, 15–19 12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned. 15 But not as the trespass, so also [is] the gracious gift; for if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more the grace of God and the gift in grace, that of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded to the many! 16 And not as through one having sinned [is] the gift; for indeed the judgment out of one [is] to condemnation; but the gracious gift out of many trespasses [is] to justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one, much more will those receiving the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 So then, just as through one trespass [is] condemnation to all men so also through one righteous act [is] justification of life to all men. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

    1 Cor. 15:21–22, 49 21 For since death [is] through a man, also through a man [is] the resurrection of the dead. 22 For just as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive— 49 And as we bore the image of the one made of dust, we will also bear the image of the heavenly one.

  • Ps. 51:5; John 3:6; Gen. 5:3; Job 15:14.

    Ps. 51:5 Behold, in iniquity I was brought forth, and in sin my mother conceived me.

    John 3:6 That having been born of the flesh is flesh, and that having been born of the Spirit is spirit.

    Gen. 5:3 And Adam lived thirty and a hundred years, and he begat [a son] in his own likeness, after his image, and he called his name Seth.

    Job 15:14 What [is] man that he should be pure, or that he should be righteous, one born of woman?

  • Rom. 5:6; Rom. 7:18; Rom. 8:7; Col. 1:21.

    Rom. 5:6 Still indeed Christ, [in] our still being weak, according to the right time, died for the ungodly.

    Rom. 7:18 For I know that there does not dwell in me—that is, in my flesh—good. For to want is present with me, but not to carry out the good.

    Rom. 8:7 because the mind of the flesh [is] hostility toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for [it is] not even able.

    Col. 1:21 And you⁺, being once alienated and enemies in the mind, in the evil works—

  • Gen. 8:21. (See Gen. 6:5; Rom. 3:10–12.)

    Gen. 8:21 And YHWH smelled the pleasing aroma, and YHWH said in His heart, “I will not continue to curse anymore the ground on account of mankind, though the inclination of the heart of man [is] evil from his youth. I will not continue anymore to destroy every living thing, as I have done.

    Gen. 6:5 And YHWH saw that the wickedness of mankind on the earth [was] great and [that] every inclination of the thoughts of his heart [was] only evil all the day.

    Rom. 3:10–12 10 As it has been written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one understanding; there is no one seeking out God. 12 All turned away; together they became worthless; there is none who is doing kindness, there is not even one.”

  • Matt. 15:19; James 1:14–15; Eph. 2:2–3.

    Matt. 15:19 For out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual immorality, thefts, false testimonies, slanders.

    James 1:14–15 14 But each one is tempted, being dragged away and being enticed by [his] own desire. 15 Then desire, having conceived, gives birth to sin; and sin, having become fully grown, brings forth death.

    Eph. 2:2–3 2 in which once you⁺ walked according to the age of this world, according to the ruler of the authority of the air, the spirit now working in the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

  • Prov. 20:9; Eccl. 7:20; Rom. 7:14, 17–18, 21–23; 1 John 1:8, 10.

    Prov. 20:9 Who can say, “I have made clean my heart; I have been cleansed from my sin?

    Eccl. 7:20 For [there is] not a righteous man on the earth who does good and does not sin.

    Rom. 7:14, 17–18, 21–23 14 For we have known that the law is spiritual; but I am fleshly, having been sold as a slave under sin. 17 But now I no longer carry it out, but the sin dwelling in me. 18 For I know that there does not dwell in me—that is, in my flesh—good. For to want is present with me, but not to carry out the good. 21 I find, then, the law in my wanting to do good, that evil is present with me. 22 For I delight in the law of God according to the inner man, 23 but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin being in my members.

    1 John 1:8, 10 8 If we should say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. 10 If we should say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word is not in us.

  • Rom. 7:7–8, 25; Gal. 5:17.

    Rom. 7:7–8, 25 7 What then will we say? [Is] the law sin? Never may it be! But I did not know sin, if not through the law. For I would not have been conscious of covetousness if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.” 8 But sin, having taken the opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all covetousness; for apart from the law, sin [is] dead. 25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    Gal. 5:17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do.

  • 1 John 3:4.

    1 John 3:4 Everyone who [is] doing sin also does lawlessness; and sin is lawlessness.

  • Rom. 2:15; Rom. 3:9, 19.

    Rom. 2:15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also testifying, and the thoughts between one another accusing or also defending [them]

    Rom. 3:9, 19 9 What then? Are we better? Not at all. For we charged before both Jews and Greeks with being all under sin. 19 Now we know that as much as the law says, it speaks to those in the law, so that every mouth may be shut, and all the world may be under judgment to God.

  • Eph. 2:3.

    Eph. 2:3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

  • Gal. 3:10.

    Gal. 3:10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.”

  • Rom. 6:23.

    Rom. 6:23 For the wages of sin [is] death, but the gift of God [is] eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

  • Eph. 4:18.

    Eph. 4:18 being darkened in the understanding, being alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance being in them on account of the hardness of their heart,

  • Rom. 8:20; Lam. 3:39.

    Rom. 8:20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of the One having subjected [it], in hope

    Lam. 3:39 Why should complain a living man, a man for his sins?

  • Matt. 25:41; 2 Thess. 1:9.

    Matt. 25:41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

    2 Thess. 1:9 who will pay the penalty of eternal destruction away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power,

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof39 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 2522 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 521 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 1820 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 2211 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 19411 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant with Man

1. The distance between God and the creature is so great, that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition of him as their blessedness and reward, but by some voluntary condescension on God's part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant.

2. The first covenant made with man was a covenant of works, wherein life was promised to Adam; and in him to his posterity, upon condition of perfect and personal obedience.

3. Man, by his fall, having made himself uncapable of life by that covenant, the Lord was pleased to make a second, commonly called the covenant of grace; wherein he freely offereth unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ; requiring of them faith in him, that they may be saved, and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto eternal life his Holy Spirit, to make them willing, and able to believe.

4. This covenant of grace is frequently set forth in Scripture by the name of a testament, in reference to the death of Jesus Christ the Testator, and to the everlasting inheritance, with all things belonging to it, therein bequeathed.

5. This covenant was differently administered in the time of the law, and in the time of the gospel: under the law, it was administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all foresignifying Christ to come; which were, for that time, sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they had full remission of sins, and eternal salvation; and is called the old testament.

6. Under the gospel, when Christ, the substance, was exhibited, the ordinances in which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper: which, though fewer in number, and administered with more simplicity, and less outward glory, yet, in them, it is held forth in more fullness, evidence, and spiritual efficacy, to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles; and is called the new testament. There are not therefore two covenants of grace, differing in substance, but one and the same, under various dispensations.

Scripture proofs
  • Isa. 40:13–17; Job 9:32–33; Ps. 113:5–6; Job 22:2–3; Job 35:7–8; Luke 17:10; Acts 17:24–25.

    Isa. 40:13–17 13 Who has directed the Spirit of YHWH, or informed Him as the man of His counsel? 14 With whom did he counsel, and [who] gave Him understanding and instructed Him in the path of justice? And [who] taught Him knowledge, and informed Him the way of understanding? 15 Behold, the nations [are] like a drop from a bucket, and they have been reckoned like dust of the scales! Behold, the islands He lifts up like fine dust, 16 and Lebanon [is] not sufficient to burn, and its beasts [are] not sufficient for a burnt offering. 17 All the nations [are] as nothing before Him, they are counted by Him [as less] than nothing and emptiness.

    Job 9:32–33 32 For [He is] not a man like I [am], [that] I may answer Him, that we would come together into judgment. 33 There is not a mediator between us, to lay his hand upon the two of us,

    Ps. 113:5–6 5 who [is] like YHWH our God, being on high to dwell, 6 stooping down to look on the heavens and on the earth,

    Job 22:2–3 2 “Can a man be useful to God? Can even a wise one benefit Him? 3 Is it pleasure to Shaddai that you are righteous, or gain that you perfect your ways?

    Job 35:7–8 7 If you are righteous, what do you give to Him? Or what does He receive from your hand? 8 Your wickedness [is] to a man such as you, and your righteousness to a son of man.

    Luke 17:10 Thus also you⁺, when you⁺ may have done all the [things] having been directed you⁺, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have done that which we were obligated to do.’”

    Acts 17:24–25 24 The God having made the world and all things that [are] in it, He, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in hand-made temples, 25 nor is He served by hands of men as needing anything—He [who] gives to all life and breath and all things.

  • Gen. 2:16–17; Hos. 6:7; Gal. 3:12.

    Gen. 2:16–17 16 And YHWH God placed a command upon the man, saying, “From every tree of the garden you may surely eat. 17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Hos. 6:7 And they, like Adam, transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful with Me.

    Gal. 3:12 But the law is not out of faith; rather, “The one having done these things will live in them.”

  • Gen. 3:22; Rom. 10:5; Rom. 5:12–14. (See Rom. 5:15–20.)

    Gen. 3:22 And YHWH God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of Us, in knowing good and evil. And now, lest he stretch out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever:”

    Rom. 10:5 For Moses writes [of] the righteousness that [is] of the law, that, “The man having done these things will live in them.”

    Rom. 5:12–14 12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned. 13 For until the law, sin was in the world; but sin is not imputed, there being no law. 14 Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those not having sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of the coming One.

    Rom. 5:15–20 15 But not as the trespass, so also [is] the gracious gift; for if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more the grace of God and the gift in grace, that of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded to the many! 16 And not as through one having sinned [is] the gift; for indeed the judgment out of one [is] to condemnation; but the gracious gift out of many trespasses [is] to justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one, much more will those receiving the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 So then, just as through one trespass [is] condemnation to all men so also through one righteous act [is] justification of life to all men. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous. 20 And the law entered so that the trespass might abound; but where sin abounded, grace overabounded,

  • Gen. 2:17; Gal. 3:10.

    Gen. 2:17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Gal. 3:10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.”

  • Gal. 3:21; Rom. 3:20–21; Rom. 8:3; Gen. 3:15. (See Isa. 42:6.)

    Gal. 3:21 [Is] the law, therefore, contrary to the promises of God? Never may it be! For if a law were given being able to make alive, then righteousness indeed would have been from out of the law.

    Rom. 3:20–21 20 Therefore by works of the law, not any flesh will be justified before Him; for through the law [is] knowledge of sin. 21 But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified to by the Law and the Prophets.

    Rom. 8:3 For what the law [was] incapable of in that it was weak through the flesh, God, having sent His Son in the likeness of flesh of sin and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh,

    Gen. 3:15 And enmity I will put between you and between the woman, and between your seed and between her seed. He shall bruise you [on] the head, and you shall bruise him [on] the heel.

    Isa. 42:6 “I, YHWH, have called You in righteousness, and have taken hold of your hand, and watched over you and given you as a covenant to the people, as a light to the nations—

  • John 3:16; Rom. 10:6, 9; Rev. 22:17.

    John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave the Son, the only begotten, so that everyone believing in Him shall not perish but shall have eternal life.

    Rom. 10:6, 9 6 But the righteousness of faith speaks thus: “You should not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (that is, to bring down Christ), 9 that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus [is] Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him out from the dead, you will be saved.

    Rev. 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And the one hearing, let him say, “Come!” And the one thirsting, let him come; the one wanting, let him take the water of life freely.

  • Acts 13:48; Ezek. 36:26–27; John 6:37, 44–45; 1 Cor. 12:3.

    Acts 13:48 And the Gentiles hearing were rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord, and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed.

    Ezek. 36:26–27 26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh. 27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    John 6:37, 44–45 37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one coming to Me I shall never cast out. 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me.

    1 Cor. 12:3 Therefore I make known to you⁺ that no one speaking in the Spirit of God says, “Jesus [is] accursed,” and no one is able to say, “Jesus [is] Lord,” except in the Holy Spirit.

  • Heb. 9:15–17.

    Heb. 9:15–17 15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. 16 For where [there is] a covenant, [there is] a necessity to bring forth the death of the one having made [it]. 17 For a covenant [is] firm upon death, since it is not in force at the time when the one having made [it] is living,

  • 2 Cor. 3:6–9.

    2 Cor. 3:6–9 6 who also made us sufficient [as] ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter, but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. 7 Now if the ministry of death, having been engraved in letters on stones, came into being in glory so as for the sons of Israel not to be able to look intently into the face of Moses on account of the glory of his face that is fading away, 8 how will the ministry of the Spirit not be more in glory? 9 For if in the ministry of condemnation [was] glory, much more does the ministry of righteousness abound [in] glory!

  • Heb. 8–10; Rom. 4:11; Col. 2:11–12; 1 Cor. 5:7.

    Rom. 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Col. 2:11–12 11 in whom also you⁺ were circumcised with the circumcision done without hands in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

    1 Cor. 5:7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed,

    Hebrews 8 on BibleHub ↗

    Hebrews 9 on BibleHub ↗

    Hebrews 10 on BibleHub ↗

  • 1 Cor. 10:1–4; Heb. 11:13; John 8:56.

    1 Cor. 10:1–4 1 For I do not want you⁺ to be ignorant, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea. 2 And all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

    Heb. 11:13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar, and having welcomed [them], and having confessed that they are strangers and sojourners on the earth.

    John 8:56 Abraham your⁺ father exulted that he should see My day, and he saw and rejoiced.”

  • Gal. 3:7–9, 14; Ps. 32:1–2, 5.

    Gal. 3:7–9, 14 7 Know, then, that those of faith, these are sons of Abraham. 8 Now the Scripture, having foreseen that God justifies the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel beforehand to Abraham: “All the nations will be blessed in you.” 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

    Ps. 32:1–2, 5 1 Of David. A Maskil. Blessed [is he] with transgression lifted, with sin is covered. 2 Blessed [is] the man for whom YHWH does not reckon iniquity, and in his spirit [is] no deceit. 5 I made known to You my sin, and my iniquity I did not hide; I said, “I will make confession over my transgressions to YHWH,” and You forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah

  • Col. 2:17.

    Col. 2:17 which are a shadow the things about to be; but the body [is] of the Christ.

  • 1 Cor. 1:21; Matt. 28:19–20; 1 Cor. 11:23–25.

    1 Cor. 1:21 For since in the wisdom of God the world through wisdom did not know God, God was well pleased through the foolishness of the preaching to save those believing.

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    1 Cor. 11:23–25 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.”

  • Heb. 12:22–24; 2 Cor. 3:9–11; Jer. 31:33–34.

    Heb. 12:22–24 22 But you⁺ have come to Mount Zion, and to the city of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels, 23 and [to] the assembly, to the church of the firstborn having been enrolled in the heavens, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous having been perfected, 24 and to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, speaking a better thing than that of Abel.

    2 Cor. 3:9–11 9 For if in the ministry of condemnation [was] glory, much more does the ministry of righteousness abound [in] glory! 10 For even that having been glorious has no glory in this respect, on account of the glory surpassing [it]. 11 For if that which is fading away [was] through glory, much more [is] that remaining in glory!

    Jer. 31:33–34 33 “For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel, after those days, a declaration of YHWH: I will give My law in their inward parts, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they will be My people. 34 And they will teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know YHWH; for all of them will know Me, from the least of them and to the greatest of them, a declaration of YHWH. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

  • Luke 2:32; Acts 10:34; Eph. 2:15–19.

    Luke 2:32 a light to the uncovering of the Gentiles, and the glory of Your people Israel.”

    Acts 10:34 And Peter, having opened the mouth, said, “Of a truth I understand that God is not One who shows partiality,

    Eph. 2:15–19 15 having annulled in His flesh the law of commandments in decrees, so that He might create in Himself the two into one new man, making peace, 16 and [that] He might reconcile both to God in one body through the cross, having put to death the hostility by it. 17 And having come, He preached good news: peace to you⁺, the ones far off, and peace to those near. 18 For through Him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. 19 So then, you⁺ are no longer strangers and aliens, but you⁺ are fellow citizens of the saints and of the household of God,

  • Luke 22:20.

    Luke 22:20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

  • Gal. 3:8–9, 14, 16; Rom. 3:21–22, 30; Rom. 4:3, 6–8 (see Gen. 15:6); Ps. 32:1–2; Rom. 4:16–17, 23–24; Heb. 4:2. (See Rom. 10:6–10; 1 Cor. 10:3–4.)

    Gal. 3:8–9, 14, 16 8 Now the Scripture, having foreseen that God justifies the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel beforehand to Abraham: “All the nations will be blessed in you.” 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. 16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. It does not say “and to seeds,” as of many, but as of One, “and to your seed,” who is Christ.

    Rom. 3:21–22, 30 21 But now, apart from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified to by the Law and the Prophets. 22 And the righteousness of God [is] through faith from Jesus Christ toward all those believing. For there is no distinction, 30 since indeed God [is] one, who will justify the circumcision by faith and the uncircumcision through the [same] faith.

    Rom. 4:3, 6–8 3 For what does the Scripture say? “And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.” 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 7 “Blessed [are] [those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord shall never reckon sin.”

    Gen. 15:6 And he believed in YHWH, and He reckoned it to him as righteousness.

    Ps. 32:1–2 1 Of David. A Maskil. Blessed [is he] with transgression lifted, with sin is covered. 2 Blessed [is] the man for whom YHWH does not reckon iniquity, and in his spirit [is] no deceit.

    Rom. 4:16–17, 23–24 16 Because of this [it is] of faith, so that [it may be] according to grace for the promise to be sure to all the seed, not only to that of the law, but also to that of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all 17 (as it has been written: “A father of many nations I have set you”) before [Him] whom he believed—God, the One making alive the dead and calling existing the [things] not as existing— 23 Now it was not written because of him alone that “it was reckoned to him,” 24 but also because of us, to whom it is about to be reckoned, to those believing on the One having raised Jesus our Lord out from the dead,

    Heb. 4:2 For also we are [those] having had the gospel proclaimed, even as also those; but the word of [their] hearing did not profit those not having been united with the faith of those having heard.

    Rom. 10:6–10 6 But the righteousness of faith speaks thus: “You should not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (that is, to bring down Christ), 7 or, ‘Who will descend into the Abyss?’ (that is, to bring up Christ out from the dead).” 8 But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart,” that is, the word of faith that we proclaim, 9 that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus [is] Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him out from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation.

    1 Cor. 10:3–4 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 7: Of God's Covenant16 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 2211 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification11 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 1611 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 359 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God9 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator

1. It pleased God, in his eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, his only begotten Son, to be the Mediator between God and man, the Prophet, Priest, and King, the Head and Savior of his church, the Heir of all things, and Judge of the world: unto whom he did from all eternity give a people, to be his seed, and to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified.

2. The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance and equal with the Father, did, when the fullness of time was come, take upon him man's nature, with all the essential properties, and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin; being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion. Which person is very God, and very man, yet one Christ, the only Mediator between God and man.

3. The Lord Jesus, in his human nature thus united to the divine, was sanctified, and anointed with the Holy Spirit, above measure, having in him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge; in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell; to the end that, being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth, he might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a mediator, and surety. Which office he took not unto himself, but was thereunto called by his Father, who put all power and judgment into his hand, and gave him commandment to execute the same.

4. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake; which that he might discharge, he was made under the law, and did perfectly fulfill it; endured most grievous torments immediately in his soul, and most painful sufferings in his body; was crucified, and died, was buried, and remained under the power of death, yet saw no corruption. On the third day he arose from the dead, with the same body in which he suffered, with which also he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of his Father, making intercession, and shall return, to judge men and angels, at the end of the world.

5. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience, and sacrifice of himself, which he, through the eternal Spirit, once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father; and purchased, not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him.

6. Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types, and sacrifices, wherein he was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the woman which should bruise the serpent's head; and the Lamb slain from the beginning of the world; being yesterday and today the same, and forever.

7. Christ, in the work of mediation, acts according to both natures, by each nature doing that which is proper to itself; yet, by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes in Scripture attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.

8. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption, he doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same; making intercession for them, and revealing unto them, in and by the Word, the mysteries of salvation; effectually persuading them by his Spirit to believe and obey, and governing their hearts by his Word and Spirit; overcoming all their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such manner, and ways, as are most consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation.

Scripture proofs
  • Isa. 42:1; 1 Peter 1:19–20; John 3:16; 1 Tim. 2:5.

    Isa. 42:1 “Behold, My Servant, I take hold of him, My Chosen One, [in whom] My soul delights; I have put My Spirit upon Him, and He will bring forth justice to the nations.

    1 Peter 1:19–20 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, 20 having been foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but having been made manifest in the last times on account of you⁺,

    John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave the Son, the only begotten, so that everyone believing in Him shall not perish but shall have eternal life.

    1 Tim. 2:5 For [there is] one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

  • Acts 3:20, 22. (See Deut. 18:15.)

    Acts 3:20, 22 20 so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and [that] He may send the One having been appointed to you⁺, Christ Jesus, 22 Indeed Moses said, ‘The Lord your⁺ God will raise up to you⁺ a prophet like me out of your⁺ brothers. You⁺ will listen to Him in all things, as many as He might say to you⁺.

    Deut. 18:15 YHWH your God will raise up for you a prophet from among you, from your brothers, like me; you⁺ must listen to him

  • Heb. 5:5–6.

    Heb. 5:5–6 5 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become a high priest, but the One having said to Him: “You are My Son, today I have begotten You.” 6 Just as that, He also says in another [place]: “You [are] a priest to the age, according to the order of Melchizedek.”

  • Ps. 2:6; Luke 1:33. (See Isa. 9:5–6; Acts 2:29–36; Col. 1:13.)

    Ps. 2:6 “And I have installed My King on Zion, the mountain of My holiness.”

    Luke 1:33 and He will reign over the house of Jacob to the ages. And of His kingdom there will be no end!”

    Isa. 9:5–6 5 For every boot treading with quaking, and the garment rolled in blood, will be for burning, as fuel for fire. 6 For a child has been born unto us, a son has been given unto us, and the government will be upon his shoulder. And his name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

    Acts 2:29–36 29 Men, brothers, it is permitted [me] to speak with freedom to you⁺ concerning the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is among us unto this day, 30 being therefore a prophet and knowing that God swore to him with an oath to seat one out of the fruit of his loins upon his throne. 31 Having foreseen, he spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was He abandoned into Hades, nor did His flesh see decay. 32 This Jesus God raised up, of which we all are witnesses. 33 Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He poured out this which you⁺ both see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he himself says: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand 35 until I place Your enemies [as] a footstool for Your feet.”’ 36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God made Him both Lord and Christ—this Jesus whom you⁺ crucified.”

    Col. 1:13 who delivered us from the authority of darkness and transferred [us] into the kingdom of His beloved Son,

  • Eph. 5:23.

    Eph. 5:23 for the husband is head of the wife as also Christ [is] the head of the church, He Himself Savior of the body.

  • Heb. 1:2.

    Heb. 1:2 in these last days spoke to us in [His] Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the ages,

  • Acts 17:31.

    Acts 17:31 because He set a day in which He is about to judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He appointed, having provided a guarantee to all, having raised Him out from the dead.”

  • John 17:6; Ps. 22:30; Isa. 53:10; Eph. 1:4.

    John 17:6 I revealed Your name to the men whom You gave to Me out of the world. They were Yours, and to Me You gave them, and they have kept Your word.

    Ps. 22:30 A seed shall serve Him; it will be recounted of the Lord to the generation.

    Isa. 53:10 And YHWH has delighted to bruise Him [and] Make [Him] weak; if his soul is made a guilt offering, He will see [his] seed; He will prolong His days; and the delight of YHWH will prosper in His hand.

    Eph. 1:4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world for us to be holy and blameless before Him, in love

  • 1 Tim. 2:6; Isa. 55:4–5; 1 Cor. 1:30; Rom. 8:30.

    1 Tim. 2:6 the One having given Himself [as] a ransom for all, the testimony in their own proper times,

    Isa. 55:4–5 4 Behold, as a witness to the nations I have placed him, a leader and commander of the peoples. 5 Behold, you will call on a nation you do not know, and a nation you do not know will run to you, on account of YHWH your God and the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.”

    1 Cor. 1:30 But out of Him you⁺ are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption,

    Rom. 8:30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

  • John 1:1, 14; 1 John 5:20; Phil. 2:6; Gal. 4:4.

    John 1:1, 14 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 14 And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

    1 John 5:20 Now we know that the Son of God is come, and He has given to us understanding, so that we may know the One who [is] true; and we are in the One who [is] true, in His Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life.

    Phil. 2:6 Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider to be equal with God something to be grasped,

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

  • Phil. 2:7; Heb. 2:14, 16–17; Heb. 4:15.

    Phil. 2:7 but emptied Himself, having taken the form of a servant, having been made in the likeness of men.

    Heb. 2:14, 16–17 14 Therefore, since the children have shared in blood and flesh, He also likewise partook of the same things, so that through death He might render powerless the one having the power of death, that is, the devil, 16 For surely [it is] not the angels He lays hold of, but He lays hold of the seed of Abraham. 17 Hence it was necessary to be made like the brothers in all things, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest [in] the things relating to God, in order to make propitiation for the sins of the people.

    Heb. 4:15 For we do not have a high priest not being able to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one having been tempted in all things by the same way, without sin.

  • Luke 1:27, 31, 35; Gal. 4:4. (See Matt. 1:18, 20–21.)

    Luke 1:27, 31, 35 27 to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name [was] Joseph, of the house of David. And the name of the virgin [was] Mary. 31 And behold, you will conceive in womb and will give birth to a son, and you will call His name Jesus. 35 And answering, the angel said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also the Holy One being born will be called Son of God.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

    Matt. 1:18, 20–21 18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was thus: His mother Mary, having been betrothed to Joseph, before their coming together was found having in womb from the Holy Spirit. 20 But [on] his having pondered these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph son of David, you should not be afraid to receive Mary [as] your wife, for that having been begotten in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 And she will bear a Son, and you will call His name Jesus, for He will save His people from their sins.”

  • Matt. 16:16; Col. 2:9; Rom. 9:5; 1 Tim. 3:16.

    Matt. 16:16 And answering, Simon Peter said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

    Col. 2:9 because in Him all the fullness of the Deity dwells bodily.

    Rom. 9:5 whose [are] the fathers, and from whom [is] Christ according to the flesh, being God over all, blessed to the ages! Amen.

    1 Tim. 3:16 And confessedly, great is the mystery of godliness: [He] who appeared in flesh, was justified in the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory.

  • Rom. 1:3–4; 1 Tim. 2:5.

    Rom. 1:3–4 3 concerning His Son, the One having come of the seed of David according to the flesh, 4 the One having been determined the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by resurrection [from] the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord,

    1 Tim. 2:5 For [there is] one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

  • Ps. 45:7; John 3:34. (See Isa. 61:1; Luke 4:18; Heb. 1:8–9.)

    Ps. 45:7 You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; upon thus, God, your God has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions.

    John 3:34 For the One whom God sent speaks the words of God, for He gives the Spirit without measure.

    Isa. 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord YHWH [is] upon me, because YHWH has anointed me to bring [good] news [to] the poor. He has sent me to bind the [wounds] of the broken of heart, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and to the bound the opening of their bonds;

    Luke 4:18 “The Spirit of the Lord [is] upon Me, because of which He anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim deliverance to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to send forth the oppressed in deliverance,

    Heb. 1:8–9 8 But to the Son: “Your throne, O God, [is] to the age of the age, and the scepter of uprightness [is] the scepter of Your kingdom. 9 You loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; because of this, God, Your God, anointed You with the oil of exultation beyond Your companions.”

  • Col. 2:3.

    Col. 2:3 in whom are hidden away all the treasures of wisdom and of knowledge.

  • Col. 1:19.

    Col. 1:19 because all the fullness was well pleased to dwell in Him,

  • Heb. 7:26; John 1:14.

    Heb. 7:26 For such for us indeed was fitting—a high priest holy, innocent, undefiled, having been separated from sinners, and having become higher than the heavens,

    John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

  • Acts 10:38; Heb. 12:24; Heb. 7:22.

    Acts 10:38 Jesus from Nazareth—how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power—who went about doing good and healing all those being oppressed by the devil, because God was with Him.

    Heb. 12:24 and to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, speaking a better thing than that of Abel.

    Heb. 7:22 By so much also, Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant.

  • Heb. 5:4–5.

    Heb. 5:4–5 4 And no one takes upon himself the honor, but is being called by God, just as Aaron also. 5 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become a high priest, but the One having said to Him: “You are My Son, today I have begotten You.”

  • John 5:22, 27; Matt. 28:18; Acts 2:36.

    John 5:22, 27 22 For the Father judges no one, but He has given all judgment to the Son, 27 And He gave Him authority to do judgment, because He is the Son of Man.

    Matt. 28:18 And having come near, Jesus spoke to them, saying, “All authority in heaven and on the earth was given to Me.

    Acts 2:36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God made Him both Lord and Christ—this Jesus whom you⁺ crucified.”

  • Ps. 40:7–8. (See Heb. 10:5–10; John 4:34; John 10:18; Phil. 2:8.)

    Ps. 40:7–8 7 Then I said, “Behold, I have come—in the roll of the book it is written of me. 8 I have delighted to do Your will, O my God, and Your law [is] in the midst of my heart.”

    Heb. 10:5–10 5 Therefore, coming into the world, He says: “Sacrifice and offering You did not desire, but a body You prepared for Me. 6 In burnt offerings and concerning sin [offerings] You were not well pleased. 7 Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come—in the scroll of the book it has been written about Me—to do Your will, O God.’” 8 Saying above, “Sacrifices and offerings and burnt offerings and [those] for sin You did not desire, nor were You well pleased” (which are offered according to the law), 9 then He has said, “Behold, I have come to do Your will.” He takes away the first so that He might establish the second, 10 in which act of will, we are having been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.

    John 4:34 Jesus says to them, “My food is that I should do the will of the One having sent Me and should finish His work.

    John 10:18 No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it again. This commandment I received from My Father.”

    Phil. 2:8 And having been found in appearance as a man He humbled Himself, having become obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.

  • Gal. 4:4.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

  • Matt. 3:15; Matt. 5:17; Heb. 5:8–9.

    Matt. 3:15 But answering, Jesus said to him, “Permit [it] presently; for thus it is fitting to us to fulfill all righteousness.” Then he permits Him.

    Matt. 5:17 Do not suppose that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill.

    Heb. 5:8–9 8 although being a Son, He learned obedience from the things He suffered, 9 and having been perfected, He became the source of eternal salvation to all those obeying Him,

  • Matt. 26:37–38; Luke 22:44; Matt. 27:46.

    Matt. 26:37–38 37 And having taken with [Him] Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, He began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed. 38 Then He says to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to death. Remain here and watch with Me.”

    Luke 22:44 And having been in agony, He was praying more earnestly. And His sweat became like large drops of blood falling down upon the ground.

    Matt. 27:46 And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” That is, “My God, My God, why did You forsake Me?”

  • Matt. 26:67–68; Matt. 27:27–50.

    Matt. 26:67–68 67 Then they spat in His face and struck Him. And others slapped [Him], 68 saying, “Prophesy to us, Christ. Who is the one having struck You?”

    Matt. 27:27–50 27 Then the soldiers of the governor, having taken with [them] Jesus into the Praetorium, gathered the whole cohort before Him. 28 And having stripped Him, they put a scarlet robe around Him. 29 And having twisted together a crown of thorns, they put [it] on His head, and a reed in His right hand; and having bowed the knees before Him, they mocked Him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30 And having spit upon Him, they took the reed and kept striking [Him] on His head. 31 And when they had mocked Him, they took the robe off Him, and they put His garments on Him and led Him away to crucify [Him]. 32 And going out, they found a man of Cyrene named Simon. They compelled him that he might carry His cross. 33 And having come to a place called Golgotha, which is called Place of a Skull, 34 they gave Him wine to drink, mixed with gall; and having tasted [it], He was not willing to drink [it]. 35 And having crucified Him, they divided His garments, casting a lot. 36 And sitting down, they were guarding Him there. 37 And they put up over His head the written accusation against Him: THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS. 38 At that time two robbers are crucified with Him, one at the right hand and one at the left. 39 And those passing by kept railing at Him, wagging their heads 40 and saying, “The One demolishing the temple and building [it] in three days, save Yourself! If You are the Son of God, also come down from the cross!” 41 Likewise also the chief priests, mocking, with the scribes and elders, were saying, 42 “He saved others. He is not able to save Himself. He is King of Israel! Let Him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in Him. 43 He has trusted on God. Let Him deliver [Him] now if He wants Him, for He said, ‘I am the Son of God.’” 44 And likewise even the robbers, those having been crucified with Him, were upbraiding Him. 45 And from the sixth hour darkness was over all the land until the ninth hour. 46 And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried out in a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” That is, “My God, My God, why did You forsake Me?” 47 And some of those standing there, having heard, were saying, “This [man] calls Elijah.” 48 And immediately one of them, having run and having taken a sponge, and having filled [it] with vinegar and having put [it] on a reed, gave Him to drink. 49 And the rest were saying, “Let [it] be. Let us see whether Elijah comes to save Him.” 50 And Jesus, having cried again in a loud voice, yielded up [His] spirit.

  • Mark 15:24, 37; Phil. 2:8.

    Mark 15:24, 37 24 And they crucify Him. And they divide His garments, casting a lot for them, who should take what. 37 But Jesus, having uttered a great cry, breathed His last.

    Phil. 2:8 And having been found in appearance as a man He humbled Himself, having become obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.

  • Matt. 27:60; Acts 2:24, 27; Acts 13:29, 37; Rom. 6:9.

    Matt. 27:60 and placed it in his new tomb, which he had cut in the rock. And having rolled a great stone to the door of the tomb, he went away.

    Acts 2:24, 27 24 whom God raised up, having loosed the agony of death, inasmuch as it was not possible [for] Him to be held by it. 27 for You will not abandon my soul into Hades, nor will You give Your Holy One to see decay.

    Acts 13:29, 37 29 And when they finished all the things having been written about Him, having taken [Him] down from the tree, they put [Him] in a tomb. 37 But the One God raised up did not see decay.

    Rom. 6:9 knowing that Christ, having been raised out from the dead, dies no more; death no longer rules over Him.

  • 1 Cor. 15:3–4.

    1 Cor. 15:3–4 3 For I delivered to you⁺ as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,

  • Luke 24:39; John 20:25, 27.

    Luke 24:39 See My hands and My feet, that I am He. Touch Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you⁺ see Me having.”

    John 20:25, 27 25 Therefore the other disciples were saying to him, “We have seen the Lord!” But he said to them, “Unless I see in His hands the mark of the nails, and I put my finger into the mark of the nails, and I put my hands into His side, I will never believe.” 27 Then He says to Thomas, “Bring your finger here and see My hands, and bring your hand and put [it] into My side; and be not unbelieving, but believing.”

  • Luke 24:50–51; 1 Peter 3:22.

    Luke 24:50–51 50 And He led them out as far as to Bethany, and having lifted up His hands, He blessed them. 51 And it came to pass, in His blessing them, [that] He was separated from them and was carried up into heaven.

    1 Peter 3:22 who is at the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, angels and authorities and powers having been subjected to Him.

  • Rom. 8:34; Heb. 7:25. (See Heb. 9:24.)

    Rom. 8:34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us.

    Heb. 7:25 wherefore also He is able to save to the uttermost those drawing near to God through Him, always living to intercede for them.

    Heb. 9:24 For Christ entered not into holy [places] made by hands, copies of the true ones, but into heaven itself, now to appear for us in the presence of God,

  • Acts 1:11; John 5:28–29; Rom. 14:10b; Acts 10:42; Matt. 13:40–42; Jude 6. (See 2 Peter 2:4.)

    Acts 1:11 who also said, “Men, Galileans, why do you⁺ stand looking into heaven? This Jesus, having been taken up from you⁺ into heaven, will thus come in that manner you⁺ saw Him going into heaven.”

    John 5:28–29 28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming in which all those in the tombs will hear His voice, 29 and they will come out—those having done good to the resurrection of life, and those having practiced evil to the resurrection of judgment.

    Rom. 14:10 But why do you judge your brother? Or why also do you despise your brother? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God.

    Acts 10:42 And He instructed us to proclaim to the people and to testify fully that He is the One having been appointed by God [as] Judge of the living and the dead.

    Matt. 13:40–42 40 Therefore, as the weeds are gathered together and are burned up in fire, so will it be in the consummation of the age. 41 The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all the stumbling blocks and those doing lawlessness, 42 and they will cast them into the furnace of the fire—there will be weeping and gnashing of the teeth.

    2 Peter 2:4 For if God did not spare the angels having sinned, but having cast [them] down to Tartarus in chains of gloomy darkness, He delivered [them], being kept for judgment;

    Jude 6 on BibleHub ↗

  • Rom. 5:19; Heb. 9:14; Heb. 10:14; Eph. 5:2; Rom. 3:25–26.

    Rom. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

    Heb. 9:14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our conscience from dead works, in order to serve the living God!

    Heb. 10:14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified.

    Eph. 5:2 and walk in love, just as Christ also loved us and gave Himself up for us [as] an offering and a sacrifice to God, into a fragrance of a sweet smell.

    Rom. 3:25–26 25 whom God set forth as a propitiation through faith in His blood, for a demonstration of His righteousness, because of the passing over of the sins having taken place beforehand in the forbearance of God, 26 for the demonstration of His righteousness in the present time, for Him to be just and justifying the one of the faith from Jesus.

  • Dan. 9:24; 2 Cor. 5:18; Col. 1:20; Eph. 1:11, 14; Heb. 9:12, 15; John 17:2.

    Dan. 9:24 Seventy sevens are determined for your people and for the city of your holiness, to finish the transgression, and to seal off sin, and to make atonement for iniquity, and to bring in righteousness everlasting, and to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Holy of Holies.

    2 Cor. 5:18 Now all things [are] of God, the One having reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and having given to us the ministry of reconciliation:

    Col. 1:20 and through Him to reconcile all things to Himself, having made peace through the blood of His cross through Him, whether the things on the earth or the things in the heavens.

    Eph. 1:11, 14 11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will 14 who is the pledge of our inheritance to the redemption of the acquired possession, to the praise of His glory.

    Heb. 9:12, 15 12 nor by blood of goats and calves, but through [His] own blood, He entered once for all into the holy [places], having obtained eternal redemption. 15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

    John 17:2 as You gave to Him authority over all flesh, so that all whom You have given to Him, He may give to them eternal life.

  • Gal. 4:4–5; Gen. 3:15; 1 Cor. 10:4; Rev. 13:8; Heb. 13:8. (See Rom. 3:25; Heb. 9:15.)

    Gal. 4:4–5 4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law, 5 that He might redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.

    Gen. 3:15 And enmity I will put between you and between the woman, and between your seed and between her seed. He shall bruise you [on] the head, and you shall bruise him [on] the heel.

    1 Cor. 10:4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

    Rev. 13:8 And all dwelling on the earth will worship it, [everyone] whose name has not been written in the book of life of the Lamb having been slain from the foundation of the world.

    Heb. 13:8 Jesus Christ [is] the same yesterday and today and to the ages.

    Rom. 3:25 whom God set forth as a propitiation through faith in His blood, for a demonstration of His righteousness, because of the passing over of the sins having taken place beforehand in the forbearance of God,

    Heb. 9:15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

  • John 10:17–18; 1 Peter 3:18; Heb. 1:3. (See Heb. 9:14.)

    John 10:17–18 17 Because of this, the Father loves Me, because I lay down My life so that I might take it again. 18 No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it again. This commandment I received from My Father.”

    1 Peter 3:18 because Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, so that He might bring you⁺ to God, having been put to death indeed in the flesh, but having been made alive in the Spirit,

    Heb. 1:3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

    Heb. 9:14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our conscience from dead works, in order to serve the living God!

  • Acts 20:28; Luke 1:43. (See Rom. 9:5.)

    Acts 20:28 Take heed to yourselves and to all the flock among whom the Holy Spirit has set you⁺ as overseers, to shepherd the church of God, which He purchased with [His] own blood.

    Luke 1:43 And from where [is] this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

    Rom. 9:5 whose [are] the fathers, and from whom [is] Christ according to the flesh, being God over all, blessed to the ages! Amen.

  • John 6:37, 39; John 10:15–16, 27–28.

    John 6:37, 39 37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one coming to Me I shall never cast out. 39 Now this is the will of the One having sent Me, that all that He has given Me, I should lose none of it, but I will raise it up in the last day.

    John 10:15–16, 27–28 15 just as the Father knows Me and I know the Father—and I lay down My life for the sheep. 16 And I have other sheep that are not of this fold. It is necessary for Me to bring those also, and they will hear My voice, and there will be one flock [and] one shepherd. 27 My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me. 28 And I give them eternal life, and never shall they perish to the age, and no one will snatch them out of My hand.

  • 1 John 2:1; Rom. 8:34.

    1 John 2:1 My little children, I am writing these things to you⁺ so that you⁺ might not sin. And if anyone might sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One.

    Rom. 8:34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us.

  • John 15:15; Eph. 1:9; John 17:6.

    John 15:15 No longer do I call you⁺ servants, because the servant does not know what his master is doing. But I have called you⁺ friends, because all things that I heard from My Father I have made known to you⁺.

    Eph. 1:9 having made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Him

    John 17:6 I revealed Your name to the men whom You gave to Me out of the world. They were Yours, and to Me You gave them, and they have kept Your word.

  • John 14:26; 2 Cor. 4:13; Rom. 8:9, 14; Rom. 15:18–19; John 17:17.

    John 14:26 But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you⁺ all things and will remind you⁺ of all the things that I said to you⁺.

    2 Cor. 4:13 But having the same spirit of faith according to that having been written: “I believed, therefore I spoke,” we also believe, and therefore we speak,

    Rom. 8:9, 14 9 But you⁺ are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you⁺; and if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this one is not of Him. 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.

    Rom. 15:18–19 18 For I will not dare to speak of anything that Christ did not work through me for the obedience of the Gentiles by word and deed, 19 in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit of God, so as for me, from Jerusalem and around as far as Illyricum, to have fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ,

    John 17:17 Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is truth.

  • Ps. 110:1; 1 Cor. 15:25–26; Col. 2:15; Luke 10:19.

    Ps. 110:1 A Psalm of David. An utterance of YHWH to my Lord: “Sit at My right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for Your feet.”

    1 Cor. 15:25–26 25 For it is necessary for Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet. 26 The last enemy to be made null [is] death.

    Col. 2:15 Having divested the rulers and the authorities, He made a show [of them] in public, having triumphed over them in it.

    Luke 10:19 Behold, I have given you⁺ the authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and on all the power of the enemy, and nothing will injure you⁺.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator79 shared proof texts · 14 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 4927 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 11: Of Jesus Christ, Being True God and Man, and the Only Savior of the World15 shared proof texts · 10 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 4216 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 3514 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 3113 shared proof texts · 5 shared topics

Chapter 9: Of Free Will

1. God hath endued the will of man with that natural liberty, that it is neither forced, nor, by any absolute necessity of nature, determined to good, or evil.

2. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom, and power to will and to do that which was good and well pleasing to God; but yet, mutably, so that he might fall from it.

3. Man, by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation: so as, a natural man, being altogether averse from that good, and dead in sin, is not able, by his own strength, to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto.

4. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage under sin; and, by his grace alone, enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good; yet so, as that by reason of his remaining corruption, he doth not perfectly, nor only, will that which is good, but doth also will that which is evil.

5. The will of man is made perfectly and immutably free to good alone, in the state of glory only.

Scripture proofs
  • James 1:13–14; Deut. 30:19; Isa. 7:11–12; Matt. 17:12; John 5:40; James 4:7.

    James 1:13–14 13 Let no one being tempted say, “I am being tempted from God.” For God is unable to be tempted by evils, and He Himself tempts no one. 14 But each one is tempted, being dragged away and being enticed by [his] own desire.

    Deut. 30:19 I call as witnesses against you⁺ today the heavens and the earth [that] I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Therefore choose life, that you may live—you and your seed,

    Isa. 7:11–12 11 “Ask for yourself a sign from YHWH your God; make the request deep, or make it high above.” 12 And Ahaz said, “I will not ask, and I will not test YHWH.”

    Matt. 17:12 But I say to you⁺ that Elijah did already come, and they did not know him, but they did to him whatever they wanted. Thus also the Son of Man is about to suffer under them.”

    John 5:40 and you⁺ are not willing to come to Me so that you⁺ may have life.

    James 4:7 Therefore subject yourselves to God. But resist the devil, and he will flee from you⁺.

  • Eccl. 7:29; Gen. 1:26, 31; Col. 3:10.

    Eccl. 7:29 See, this alone I have found: That God made man upright, and they have sought out many schemes.

    Gen. 1:26, 31 26 And God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the heavens, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every crawling thing that crawls upon the earth.” 31 And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, [it was] very good! And there was evening and there was morning—the sixth day.

    Col. 3:10 and having put on the new, the one being renewed in knowledge according to the image of the One having created him,

  • Gen. 2:16–17; Gen. 3:6, 17.

    Gen. 2:16–17 16 And YHWH God placed a command upon the man, saying, “From every tree of the garden you may surely eat. 17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Gen. 3:6, 17 6 And the woman saw that the tree [was] good for food, and that it [was] pleasant to the eyes and the tree [was] desirable to make one wise. And she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate. 17 And to the man He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and ate from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘you shall not eat from it,’ cursed is the ground on your account, in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life,

  • Rom. 8:7–8; John 6:44, 65; John 15:5; Rom. 5:5.

    Rom. 8:7–8 7 because the mind of the flesh [is] hostility toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for [it is] not even able. 8 And those being in the flesh are not able to please God.

    John 6:44, 65 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.”

    John 15:5 I am the vine; you⁺ [are] the branches. The one remaining in Me and I in him, he bears much fruit. For apart from Me you⁺ are able to do nothing.

    Rom. 5:5 And hope does not put [us] to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit, the One having been given to us.

  • Rom. 3:9–10, 12, 23.

    Rom. 3:9–10, 12, 23 9 What then? Are we better? Not at all. For we charged before both Jews and Greeks with being all under sin. 10 As it has been written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 12 All turned away; together they became worthless; there is none who is doing kindness, there is not even one.” 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

  • Eph. 2:1, 5; Col. 2:13.

    Eph. 2:1, 5 1 And you⁺, being dead in your⁺ trespasses and sins— 5 even us being dead in trespasses, made [us] alive with Christ—by grace you⁺ are saved—

    Col. 2:13 And you⁺ being dead in the trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your⁺ flesh, He made alive together with Him, having forgiven us all the trespasses,

  • John 6:44, 65; John 3:3, 5–6; 1 Cor. 2:14; Titus 3:3–5.

    John 6:44, 65 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.”

    John 3:3, 5–6 3 Jesus answered and said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born from above, he is not able to see the kingdom of God.” 5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God. 6 That having been born of the flesh is flesh, and that having been born of the Spirit is spirit.

    1 Cor. 2:14 But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know [them], because they are spiritually discerned.

    Titus 3:3–5 3 For we were also once foolish, disobedient, being deceived, being in slavery to various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, hating one another. 4 But when the kindness and the love of mankind of God our Savior appeared, 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

  • Col. 1:13; John 8:34, 36; Rom. 6:6–7.

    Col. 1:13 who delivered us from the authority of darkness and transferred [us] into the kingdom of His beloved Son,

    John 8:34, 36 34 Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you⁺ that everyone who [is] doing sin is a slave of sin. 36 Therefore if the Son shall set you⁺ free, you⁺ will be really free.

    Rom. 6:6–7 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin. 7 For the one having died has been justified from sin.

  • Phil. 2:13; Rom. 6:14, 17–19, 22.

    Phil. 2:13 For God is the One working in you⁺ both to will and to work on behalf of [His] good pleasure.

    Rom. 6:14, 17–19, 22 14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace. 17 But thanks [be] to God that you⁺ used to be slaves of sin, but you⁺ obeyed from the heart the form of teaching to which you⁺ were delivered up. 18 Now having been set free from sin, you⁺ became slaves to righteousness. 19 I speak in human terms because of the weakness of your⁺ flesh. For just as you⁺ presented your⁺ members [as] slaves to uncleanness and to lawlessness unto lawlessness, so now present your⁺ members [as] slaves to righteousness unto sanctification. 22 But now, having been set free from sin and having become slaves to God, you⁺ have your⁺ fruit unto sanctification, and the end [is] eternal life.

  • Gal. 5:17; Rom. 7:14–25; 1 John 1:8, 10.

    Gal. 5:17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do.

    Rom. 7:14–25 14 For we have known that the law is spiritual; but I am fleshly, having been sold as a slave under sin. 15 For what I carry out, I do not understand. For what I want, this I do not practice; but what I hate, this I do. 16 Now if what I do not want, this I do, I assent to the law, that [it is] good. 17 But now I no longer carry it out, but the sin dwelling in me. 18 For I know that there does not dwell in me—that is, in my flesh—good. For to want is present with me, but not to carry out the good. 19 For the good that I want, I do not do; but the evil that I do not want, this I practice. 20 Now if what I do not want, this I do, no longer do I carry it out, but sin dwelling in me. 21 I find, then, the law in my wanting to do good, that evil is present with me. 22 For I delight in the law of God according to the inner man, 23 but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin being in my members. 24 O wretched man [that] I am! Who will deliver me out of this body of death? 25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    1 John 1:8, 10 8 If we should say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. 10 If we should say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word is not in us.

  • Heb. 12:23; 1 John 3:2; Jude 24; Rev. 21:27.

    Heb. 12:23 and [to] the assembly, to the church of the firstborn having been enrolled in the heavens, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous having been perfected,

    1 John 3:2 Beloved, now we are children of God, and what we will be was not yet made manifest. We know that if He should be made manifest, we will be like Him, for we will see Him just as He is.

    Rev. 21:27 And anything defiling, and those practicing abomination and a lie, never shall enter into it, only those written in the Lamb’s book of life.

    Jude 24 on BibleHub ↗

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 9: Of Free Will20 shared proof texts · 7 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 9: Of Free Will, and So of Man's Power and Ability19 shared proof texts · 7 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 6: Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof13 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 312 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 511 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling8 shared proof texts · 5 shared topics

Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling

1. All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased, in his appointed and accepted time, effectually to call, by his Word and Spirit, out of that state of sin and death, in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation, by Jesus Christ; enlightening their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God, taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them a heart of flesh; renewing their wills, and, by his almighty power, determining them to that which is good, and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ: yet so, as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.

2. This effectual call is of God's free and special grace alone, not from anything at all foreseen in man, who is altogether passive therein, until, being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit, he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it.

3. Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated, and saved by Christ, through the Spirit, who worketh when, and where, and how he pleaseth: so also are all other elect persons who are uncapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word.

4. Others, not elected, although they may be called by the ministry of the Word, and may have some common operations of the Spirit, yet they never truly come unto Christ, and therefore cannot be saved: much less can men, not professing the Christian religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, and the laws of that religion they do profess. And, to assert and maintain that they may, is very pernicious, and to be detested.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 13:48; Rom. 8:28, 30; Rom. 11:7; Eph. 1:5, 11; 2 Tim. 1:9–10.

    Acts 13:48 And the Gentiles hearing were rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord, and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed.

    Rom. 8:28, 30 28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose, 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    Rom. 11:7 What then? What Israel seeks after, this it did not obtain, but the elect obtained [it]. And the rest were hardened,

    Eph. 1:5, 11 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 11 in Him, in whom also we obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of the One working all things according to the counsel of His will

    2 Tim. 1:9–10 9 the One having saved us and having called [us] with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace, having been given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal, 10 and now having been made manifest through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, having indeed abolished death and having brought to light life and immortality through the gospel,

  • 2 Thess. 2:13–14; James 1:18; 2 Cor. 3:3, 6; 1 Cor. 2:12.

    2 Thess. 2:13–14 13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, 14 to which also He called you⁺ through our gospel to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    James 1:18 Having willed [it], He brought us forth by the word of truth, for us to be a certain firstfruits of His creatures.

    2 Cor. 3:3, 6 3 being revealed that you⁺ are a letter of Christ, having been ministered to by us, having been inscribed not in ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not in tablets of stone but in tablets of fleshly hearts. 6 who also made us sufficient [as] ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter, but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

    1 Cor. 2:12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God,

  • 2 Tim. 1:9–10; 1 Peter 2:9; Rom. 8:2; Eph. 2:1–10.

    2 Tim. 1:9–10 9 the One having saved us and having called [us] with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace, having been given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal, 10 and now having been made manifest through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, having indeed abolished death and having brought to light life and immortality through the gospel,

    1 Peter 2:9 But you⁺ [are] a chosen kindred, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for [His] possession, so that you⁺ may proclaim the excellencies of the One having called you⁺ out of darkness into His marvelous light,

    Rom. 8:2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus set you free from the law of sin and death.

    Eph. 2:1–10 1 And you⁺, being dead in your⁺ trespasses and sins— 2 in which once you⁺ walked according to the age of this world, according to the ruler of the authority of the air, the spirit now working in the sons of disobedience, 3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest. 4 But God, being rich in mercy, because of His much love with which He loved us, 5 even us being dead in trespasses, made [us] alive with Christ—by grace you⁺ are saved— 6 and He raised [us] up together and seated [us] together in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 so that in the ages that are coming, He might display the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God, 9 not by works, so that no one may boast. 10 For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.

  • Acts 26:18; 1 Cor. 2:10, 12; Eph. 1:17–18; 2 Cor. 4:6.

    Acts 26:18 to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, [that] they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those having been sanctified by faith in Me.’

    1 Cor. 2:10, 12 10 For God revealed [it] to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches all things, even the depths of God. 12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God,

    Eph. 1:17–18 17 that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you⁺ a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him, 18 the eyes your⁺ of heart being enlightened for you⁺ to know what is the hope of His calling, what [are] the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints,

    2 Cor. 4:6 For God [is] the One having said, “Light will shine out of darkness,” who shone in our hearts for the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.

  • Ezek. 36:26.

    Ezek. 36:26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh.

  • Ezek. 11:19; Deut. 30:6; Ezek. 36:27; John 3:5; Titus 3:5; 1 Peter 1:23.

    Ezek. 11:19 And I will give to them a single heart, and I will give a new spirit within them; and I will turn away the heart of stone from their flesh, and I will give to them a heart of flesh,

    Deut. 30:6 And YHWH your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your seed, to love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul, so that you may live.

    Ezek. 36:27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    John 3:5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Peter 1:23 having been born again, not of perishable seed but of imperishable, by the word of God, living and abiding,

  • John 6:44–45; Acts 16:14.

    John 6:44–45 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me.

    Acts 16:14 And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple of the city of Thyatira, worshiping God, was listening. The Lord opened her heart to attend to the things being spoken by Paul.

  • Ps. 110:3; John 6:37; Matt. 11:28; Rev. 22:17; Rom. 6:16–18; Eph. 2:8; Phil. 1:29.

    Ps. 110:3 Your people [are] freewill offerings in the day of your might, in the splendors of holiness; from the womb of the morning, the dew of your youth [is] unto you.

    John 6:37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one coming to Me I shall never cast out.

    Matt. 11:28 Come to Me, all those toiling and burdened, and I will give you⁺ rest.

    Rev. 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And the one hearing, let him say, “Come!” And the one thirsting, let him come; the one wanting, let him take the water of life freely.

    Rom. 6:16–18 16 Do you⁺ not know that to whom you⁺ present yourselves [as] slaves for obedience, you⁺ are slaves to the one whom you⁺ obey, whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness? 17 But thanks [be] to God that you⁺ used to be slaves of sin, but you⁺ obeyed from the heart the form of teaching to which you⁺ were delivered up. 18 Now having been set free from sin, you⁺ became slaves to righteousness.

    Eph. 2:8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God,

    Phil. 1:29 For it was granted to you⁺ on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer on behalf of Him,

  • 2 Tim. 1:9; Eph. 2:8–9; Rom. 9:11.

    2 Tim. 1:9 the One having saved us and having called [us] with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace, having been given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal,

    Eph. 2:8–9 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God, 9 not by works, so that no one may boast.

    Rom. 9:11 for they not yet having been born nor having done anything good or evil, so that the purpose of God according to election might stand—

  • 1 Cor. 2:14; Rom. 8:7–9; Titus 3:4–5.

    1 Cor. 2:14 But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to know [them], because they are spiritually discerned.

    Rom. 8:7–9 7 because the mind of the flesh [is] hostility toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for [it is] not even able. 8 And those being in the flesh are not able to please God. 9 But you⁺ are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you⁺; and if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this one is not of Him.

    Titus 3:4–5 4 But when the kindness and the love of mankind of God our Savior appeared, 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

  • John 6:37; Ezek. 36:27; 1 John 5:1. (Cf. 1 John 3:9.)

    John 6:37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one coming to Me I shall never cast out.

    Ezek. 36:27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    1 John 5:1 Everyone believing that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God, and everyone loving the One having begotten also loves the one having been born of Him.

    1 John 3:9 Everyone having been born of God does not do sin, because His seed remains in him, and he is not able to sin, because he has been born of God.

  • Gen. 17:7; Luke 18:15–16; Acts 2:39; John 3:3, 5; 1 John 5:12. (See Luke 1:15.)

    Gen. 17:7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you.

    Luke 18:15–16 15 And they were bringing the infants also to Him so that He might touch them; but having seen, the disciples were rebuking them. 16 But Jesus summoned them, saying, “Permit the little children to come to Me, and do not forbid them; for of the such is the kingdom of God.

    Acts 2:39 For the promise is to you⁺ and to your⁺ children and to all those at a distance, as many as the Lord our God shall summon.”

    John 3:3, 5 3 Jesus answered and said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born from above, he is not able to see the kingdom of God.” 5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.

    1 John 5:12 The one having the Son has life; the one not having the Son of God does not have life.

    Luke 1:15 for he will be great before the Lord. And he shall never drink wine and strong drink, and he will be full of the Holy Spirit even from the womb of his mother.

  • John 3:8.

    John 3:8 The wind blows where it wills, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know from where it comes and where it goes. Thus is everyone having been born of the Spirit.”

  • John 16:7–8; 1 John 5:12; Acts 4:12.

    John 16:7–8 7 But I say to you⁺ the truth, it is profitable for you⁺ that I should go away. For unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to you⁺; but if I go, I will send Him to you⁺. 8 And having come, He will convict the world concerning sin and concerning righteousness and concerning judgment:

    1 John 5:12 The one having the Son has life; the one not having the Son of God does not have life.

    Acts 4:12 And there is salvation in no other, for there is not another name under heaven having been given among men by which it is necessary for us to be saved.”

  • Matt. 13:14–15; Acts 28:24 (cf. Acts 13:48); Matt. 22:14.

    Matt. 13:14–15 14 And in them is fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah, saying: ‘In hearing you⁺ will hear and never understand; and seeing, you⁺ will see and never perceive. 15 For the heart of this people grew dull, and they barely hear with the ears, and they closed their eyes, lest ever they might see with the eyes, and might hear with the ears, and might understand with the heart, and might return, and I will heal them.’

    Acts 28:24 And indeed, some were persuaded of the things being said, but some refused to believe.

    Acts 13:48 And the Gentiles hearing were rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord, and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed.

    Matt. 22:14 For many are called, but few chosen.”

  • Matt. 13:20–21; Matt. 7:22; Heb. 6:4–5.

    Matt. 13:20–21 20 And that having been sown upon the rocky [places], this is the one hearing the word and immediately receiving it with joy. 21 And he has no root in himself, but is temporary. But [on] tribulation or persecution having come because of the word, immediately he is caused to stumble.

    Matt. 7:22 Many will say to Me in that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and [in] Your name cast out demons, and in Your name do many miracles?’

    Heb. 6:4–5 4 For [it is] impossible for those once having been enlightened, and having tasted of the heavenly gift, and having become partakers of the Holy Spirit, 5 and having tasted the goodness of God’s word and the power [of] the coming age—

  • John 6:37, 64–66; John 8:44; John 13:18. (Cf. John 17:12.)

    John 6:37, 64–66 37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one coming to Me I shall never cast out. 64 But there are some of you⁺ who do not believe.” For Jesus had known from the beginning who are those not believing and who it is who will betray Him. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.” 66 From this [time] many of His disciples went away to the back and no longer were walking with Him.

    John 8:44 You⁺ are of [your] father the devil, and you⁺ want to do the desires of your⁺ father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and he has not stood in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he may speak falsehood, he speaks from [his] own, because he is a liar and the father of it.

    John 13:18 I speak not about all of you⁺—I know whom I chose—but so that the Scripture may be fulfilled: ‘The one eating My bread lifted up his heel against Me.’

    John 17:12 When I was with them, I was keeping them in Your name, which You have given to Me. And I guarded [them], and none of them perished except the son of destruction, so that the Scripture might be fulfilled.

  • Acts 4:12; 1 John 4:2–3; 2 John 9; John 14:6; Eph. 2:12–13; John 4:22; John 17:3; Rom. 10:13–17.

    Acts 4:12 And there is salvation in no other, for there is not another name under heaven having been given among men by which it is necessary for us to be saved.”

    1 John 4:2–3 2 In this you⁺ know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses Jesus Christ having come in the flesh is of God, 3 and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not of God, and this is that of the antichrist, which you⁺ heard that is coming, and now is already in the world.

    John 14:6 Jesus says to him, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father if not through Me.

    Eph. 2:12–13 12 that at that time you⁺ were apart from Christ, having been alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and foreigners to the covenants of the promise, not having hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you⁺, the ones once being far off, became near by the blood of Christ.

    John 4:22 You⁺ worship what you⁺ do not know; we worship what we know, because salvation is of the Jews.

    John 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You sent.

    Rom. 10:13–17 13 for, “Whoever shall call upon the name of the Lord will be saved.” 14 How then can they call upon One in whom they did not believe? And how can they believe in One of whom they did not hear? And how can they hear apart from one preaching? 15 And how can they preach unless they can be sent? As it has been written: “How beautiful [are] the feet of those proclaiming good news of good things!” 16 But not all heeded the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” 17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    2 John 9 on BibleHub ↗

  • 2 John 9–11; 1 Cor. 16:22; Gal. 1:6–8.

    1 Cor. 16:22 If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Maranatha!

    Gal. 1:6–8 6 I marvel that so quickly you⁺ are deserting from the One having called you⁺ in the grace of Christ to another gospel, 7 which is not another, except there are some who are troubling you⁺ and are wanting to pervert the gospel of Christ. 8 But even if we or an angel out of heaven should preach a gospel to you⁺ contrary to what we preached to you⁺, let him be accursed!

    2 John 9 on BibleHub ↗

    2 John 10 on BibleHub ↗

    2 John 11 on BibleHub ↗

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 10: Of Effectual Calling35 shared proof texts · 8 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 6727 shared proof texts · 8 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 3116 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsCanons of Dort · First Head: Rejection of the Errors11 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 3: Of God's Eternal Decree10 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 689 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Chapter 11: Of Justification

1. Those whom God effectually calleth, he also freely justifieth: not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous; not for anything wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ's sake alone; nor by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them, they receiving and resting on him and his righteousness, by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God.

2. Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification: yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but worketh by love.

3. Christ, by his obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to his Father's justice in their behalf. Yet, inasmuch as he was given by the Father for them; and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead; and both, freely, not for anything in them; their justification is only of free grace; that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners.

4. God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect, and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins, and rise again for their justification: nevertheless, they are not justified, until the Holy Spirit doth, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them.

5. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified; and, although they can never fall from the state of justification, yet they may, by their sins, fall under God's fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of his countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.

6. The justification of believers under the old testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the new testament.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 8:30; Rom. 3:24; Rom. 5:15–16.

    Rom. 8:30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    Rom. 3:24 being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,

    Rom. 5:15–16 15 But not as the trespass, so also [is] the gracious gift; for if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more the grace of God and the gift in grace, that of the one man, Jesus Christ, abounded to the many! 16 And not as through one having sinned [is] the gift; for indeed the judgment out of one [is] to condemnation; but the gracious gift out of many trespasses [is] to justification.

  • Rom. 4:5–8; 2 Cor. 5:19, 21; Rom. 3:22–28; Titus 3:5, 7; Eph. 1:7; Jer. 23:6; 1 Cor. 1:30–31; Rom. 5:17–19.

    Rom. 4:5–8 5 But to the one not working but believing on the One justifying the ungodly, his faith is reckoned as righteousness, 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 7 “Blessed [are] [those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord shall never reckon sin.”

    2 Cor. 5:19, 21 19 how that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having put into us the word of reconciliation. 21 He made the One not having known sin [to be] sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

    Rom. 3:22–28 22 And the righteousness of God [is] through faith from Jesus Christ toward all those believing. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God set forth as a propitiation through faith in His blood, for a demonstration of His righteousness, because of the passing over of the sins having taken place beforehand in the forbearance of God, 26 for the demonstration of His righteousness in the present time, for Him to be just and justifying the one of the faith from Jesus. 27 Where then [is] the boasting? It was excluded. By what kind of law? That of works? No, but by the law of faith. 28 For we reckon a man to be justified by faith apart from works of law.

    Titus 3:5, 7 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit, 7 so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

    Eph. 1:7 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of trespasses, according to the riches of His grace,

    Jer. 23:6 In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell in security; and this [is] his name that He will be called: YHWH Tsidqenu.

    1 Cor. 1:30–31 30 But out of Him you⁺ are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption, 31 so that, as it has been written: “The one boasting, let him boast in the Lord.”

    Rom. 5:17–19 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one, much more will those receiving the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 So then, just as through one trespass [is] condemnation to all men so also through one righteous act [is] justification of life to all men. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

  • John 1:12; Acts 10:43; Acts 13:38–39; Phil. 3:9; Eph. 2:7–8; John 6:44–45, 65; Phil. 1:29.

    John 1:12 But as many as received Him, He gave to them authority to become children of God—to those believing in His name,

    Acts 10:43 To this One all the prophets testify [that] everyone believing in Him receives forgiveness of sins through His name.”

    Acts 13:38–39 38 Therefore be it known to you⁺, men, brothers, that through this One forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you⁺. 39 And in Him everyone believing is justified from all things from which you⁺ were not able to be justified in the law of Moses.

    Phil. 3:9 and may be found in Him, not having my own righteousness that [is] of the law, but that which [is] through faith from Christ, the righteousness of God upon faith,

    Eph. 2:7–8 7 so that in the ages that are coming, He might display the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God,

    John 6:44–45, 65 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.”

    Phil. 1:29 For it was granted to you⁺ on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer on behalf of Him,

  • John 3:18, 36; Rom. 3:28; Rom. 5:1.

    John 3:18, 36 18 The one believing in Him is not judged, but the one not believing already has been judged, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. 36 The one believing in the Son has eternal life; but the one not obeying the Son will not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”

    Rom. 3:28 For we reckon a man to be justified by faith apart from works of law.

    Rom. 5:1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,

  • James 2:17, 22, 26; Gal. 5:6.

    James 2:17, 22, 26 17 So also, faith, if it has no works, is dead by itself. 22 You see that faith was working with his works, and by works, faith was perfected. 26 For just as the body without spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.

    Gal. 5:6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any power, but faith working through love.

  • Mark 10:45; Rom. 5:8–10, 18–19; Gal. 3:13; 1 Tim. 2:5–6; Heb. 1:3; Heb. 10:10, 14; Dan. 9:24, 26. (See Isa. 52:13–53:12.)

    Mark 10:45 For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life [as] a ransom for many.”

    Rom. 5:8–10, 18–19 8 But God demonstrates His own love to us, that [in] our being still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Therefore much more, having been justified now by His blood, we will be saved by Him from wrath! 10 For if, being enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we will be saved in His life! 18 So then, just as through one trespass [is] condemnation to all men so also through one righteous act [is] justification of life to all men. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

    Gal. 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,”

    1 Tim. 2:5–6 5 For [there is] one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, 6 the One having given Himself [as] a ransom for all, the testimony in their own proper times,

    Heb. 1:3 who, being the radiance of [His] glory and the exact imprint of His substance and bearing all things by the word of power—through His having made purification of sins—sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

    Heb. 10:10, 14 10 in which act of will, we are having been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified.

    Dan. 9:24, 26 24 Seventy sevens are determined for your people and for the city of your holiness, to finish the transgression, and to seal off sin, and to make atonement for iniquity, and to bring in righteousness everlasting, and to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Holy of Holies. 26 And after sixty and two sevens, Messiah will be cut off, and not for Him. And the people of the leader who is coming will destroy the city and the sanctuary. And its end [is] in a flood, and until the end, war [and] desolations are determined.

    Isa. 52:13–53:12 13 Behold, My Servant will prosper; he will rise up, and be lifted up and highly exalted. 12 Therefore I will divide a portion to him with the many, and with the mighty he will divide the spoil upon that he poured out his soul to the death, and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he [himself] bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors.

  • Rom. 8:32; John 3:16.

    Rom. 8:32 He who indeed did not spare [His] own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how will He not also with Him graciously give us all things?

    John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave the Son, the only begotten, so that everyone believing in Him shall not perish but shall have eternal life.

  • 2 Cor. 5:21; Eph. 5:2; Phil. 2:6–9; Isa. 53:10–11.

    2 Cor. 5:21 He made the One not having known sin [to be] sin for us, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

    Eph. 5:2 and walk in love, just as Christ also loved us and gave Himself up for us [as] an offering and a sacrifice to God, into a fragrance of a sweet smell.

    Phil. 2:6–9 6 Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider to be equal with God something to be grasped, 7 but emptied Himself, having taken the form of a servant, having been made in the likeness of men. 8 And having been found in appearance as a man He humbled Himself, having become obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. 9 Therefore God also highly exalted Him and granted to Him the name above every name,

    Isa. 53:10–11 10 And YHWH has delighted to bruise Him [and] Make [Him] weak; if his soul is made a guilt offering, He will see [his] seed; He will prolong His days; and the delight of YHWH will prosper in His hand. 11 He will see [the light of life] after the anguish of His soul [and] be satisfied; By His knowledge My Servant, the righteous one, will bring righteousness to many, and He will bear their iniquities.

  • Rom. 3:24; Eph. 1:7.

    Rom. 3:24 being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,

    Eph. 1:7 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of trespasses, according to the riches of His grace,

  • Rom. 3:26; Eph. 2:7; Zech. 9:9; Isa. 45:21.

    Rom. 3:26 for the demonstration of His righteousness in the present time, for Him to be just and justifying the one of the faith from Jesus.

    Eph. 2:7 so that in the ages that are coming, He might display the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.

    Zech. 9:9 Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; He [is] righteous and bearing salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

    Isa. 45:21 Declare [it] and approach, even let them take counsel together: Who has reported this from of old, from that time having declared it? Is it not I, YHWH? And [there is] no other God besides Me, and a righteous God bringing salvation [there is] none besides Me.

  • Rom. 8:29–30; Gal. 3:8; 1 Peter 1:2, 19–20.

    Rom. 8:29–30 29 because whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to be] conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers. 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    Gal. 3:8 Now the Scripture, having foreseen that God justifies the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel beforehand to Abraham: “All the nations will be blessed in you.”

    1 Peter 1:2, 19–20 2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: May grace and peace be multiplied to you⁺. 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, 20 having been foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but having been made manifest in the last times on account of you⁺,

  • Gal. 4:4; 1 Tim. 2:6; Rom. 4:25.

    Gal. 4:4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law,

    1 Tim. 2:6 the One having given Himself [as] a ransom for all, the testimony in their own proper times,

    Rom. 4:25 who was delivered over because of our trespasses, and was raised because of our justification.

  • Eph. 2:3; Titus 3:3–7; Gal. 2:16. (Cf. Col. 1:21–22.)

    Eph. 2:3 among whom we all also once conducted ourselves in the desires of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of [its] thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest.

    Titus 3:3–7 3 For we were also once foolish, disobedient, being deceived, being in slavery to various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, hating one another. 4 But when the kindness and the love of mankind of God our Savior appeared, 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit, 6 whom He poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

    Gal. 2:16 are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ. We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified.

    Col. 1:21–22 21 And you⁺, being once alienated and enemies in the mind, in the evil works— 22 but now He has reconciled [you] in His body of flesh through death, to present you⁺ holy and unblemished and blameless before Him,

  • Matt. 6:12; 1 John 1:7, 9; 1 John 2:1–2.

    Matt. 6:12 And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.

    1 John 1:7, 9 7 But if we should walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin. 9 If we should confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous, that He may forgive us [our] sins and may cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

    1 John 2:1–2 1 My little children, I am writing these things to you⁺ so that you⁺ might not sin. And if anyone might sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One. 2 And He is the propitiation for our sins, and not only for ours, but also for [those] of the whole world.

  • Rom. 5:1–5; Rom. 8:30–39; Heb. 10:14 (cf. Luke 22:32); John 10:28.

    Rom. 5:1–5 1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand; and we boast in hope of the glory of God. 3 And not only [so], but also we boast in tribulations, knowing that tribulation produces perseverance; 4 and perseverance, character; and character, hope. 5 And hope does not put [us] to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit, the One having been given to us.

    Rom. 8:30–39 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified. 31 What then will we say to these things? If God [is] for us, who [can be] against us— 32 He who indeed did not spare [His] own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how will He not also with Him graciously give us all things? 33 Who will bring an accusation against the chosen ones of God? God [is] the One justifying. 34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us. 35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? 36 As it has been written: “For Your sake we face death all the day; we were reckoned as sheep of slaughter.” 37 But in all these things we are more than conquerors through the One having loved us. 38 For I am persuaded that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities, nor things present nor things about to be, nor powers, 39 nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God that [is] in Christ Jesus our Lord.

    Heb. 10:14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified.

    Luke 22:32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    John 10:28 And I give them eternal life, and never shall they perish to the age, and no one will snatch them out of My hand.

  • Ps. 89:30–33; Ps. 51; Ps. 32:5; Matt. 26:75; Luke 1:20; 1 Cor. 11:30, 32.

    Ps. 89:30–33 30 If his sons should abandon My instruction, and do not walk in My ordinances, 31 if they violate My statutes, and do not keep My commandments, 32 then I will attend [to] their transgression with the rod, and [to] their iniquity with stripes. 33 And I will not break off My loving devotion from him, and I will not be false in My faithfulness.

    Ps. 32:5 I made known to You my sin, and my iniquity I did not hide; I said, “I will make confession over my transgressions to YHWH,” and You forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah

    Matt. 26:75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, [He] having said, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And having gone out, he wept bitterly.

    Luke 1:20 And behold, you will be silent and not able to speak until that day these things shall take place, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their season.”

    1 Cor. 11:30, 32 30 Because of this, many [are] weak and sick among you⁺, and many are fallen asleep. 32 But being judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we should not be condemned with the world.

    Psalm 51 on BibleHub ↗

  • Gal. 3:9, 13–14; Rom. 4:6–8, 22–24; Rom. 10:6–13; Heb. 13:8.

    Gal. 3:9, 13–14 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,” 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

    Rom. 4:6–8, 22–24 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 7 “Blessed [are] [those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord shall never reckon sin.” 22 Therefore also “it was reckoned to him as righteousness.” 23 Now it was not written because of him alone that “it was reckoned to him,” 24 but also because of us, to whom it is about to be reckoned, to those believing on the One having raised Jesus our Lord out from the dead,

    Rom. 10:6–13 6 But the righteousness of faith speaks thus: “You should not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (that is, to bring down Christ), 7 or, ‘Who will descend into the Abyss?’ (that is, to bring up Christ out from the dead).” 8 But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart,” that is, the word of faith that we proclaim, 9 that if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus [is] Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised Him out from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses unto salvation. 11 For the Scripture says, “Everyone believing on Him will not be put to shame.” 12 For there is no difference between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord of all is rich to all those calling upon Him, 13 for, “Whoever shall call upon the name of the Lord will be saved.”

    Heb. 13:8 Jesus Christ [is] the same yesterday and today and to the ages.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification49 shared proof texts · 10 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 7021 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 6020 shared proof texts · 7 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 7120 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 15: Of the True Justification of the Faithful14 shared proof texts · 10 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 8: Of Christ the Mediator15 shared proof texts · 5 shared topics

Chapter 12: Of Adoption

1. All those that are justified, God vouchsafeth, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption, by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God, have his name put upon them, receive the Spirit of adoption, have access to the throne of grace with boldness, are enabled to cry, Abba, Father, are pitied, protected, provided for, and chastened by him, as by a father: yet never cast off, but sealed to the day of redemption; and inherit the promises, as heirs of everlasting salvation.

Scripture proofs
  • Eph. 1:5; Gal. 4:4–5.

    Eph. 1:5 having predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

    Gal. 4:4–5 4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law, 5 that He might redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.

  • Rom. 8:17; John 1:12.

    Rom. 8:17 and if children, also heirs: heirs indeed of God, and co-heirs of Christ, if indeed we suffer with [Him], so that we may also be glorified with [Him].

    John 1:12 But as many as received Him, He gave to them authority to become children of God—to those believing in His name,

  • Num. 6:24–26; Jer. 14:9; Amos 9:12; Acts 15:17; 2 Cor. 6:18; Rev. 3:12.

    Num. 6:24–26 24 ‘YHWH bless you, and keep you. 25 YHWH cause His face to shine upon you, and be gracious to you. 26 YHWH lift up His countenance upon you, and give unto you peace.’

    Jer. 14:9 Why should You be like a man astonished, like a mighty one not able to save? And You [are] among us, O YHWH, and we are called [by] Your name; do not leave us.

    Amos 9:12 so that they may possess the remnant of Edom, and all of the nations that My name is called over them,” a declaration of YHWH, the One doing this.

    Acts 15:17 so that the remnant of men may seek out the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom has been called My name—upon them, says the Lord, doing these things

    2 Cor. 6:18 And: “I will be for a Father to you⁺, and you⁺ will be for sons and daughters to Me, says the Lord Almighty.”

    Rev. 3:12 The one overcoming, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he shall not go out anymore. And I will write upon him the name of My God and the name of the city of My God, the new Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from My God, and My new name.

  • Rom. 8:15.

    Rom. 8:15 For you⁺ did not receive a spirit of slavery again unto fear, but you⁺ received the Spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, “Abba! Father!”

  • Eph. 3:12. (See Heb. 4:16.)

    Eph. 3:12 in whom we have boldness and access in confidence through the faith from Him.

    Heb. 4:16 Therefore let us come with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and may find grace for help in time of need.

  • Rom. 8:15. (See Gal. 4:6; Rom. 8:16.)

    Rom. 8:15 For you⁺ did not receive a spirit of slavery again unto fear, but you⁺ received the Spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, “Abba! Father!”

    Gal. 4:6 And because you⁺ are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”

    Rom. 8:16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God,

  • Ps. 103:13.

    Ps. 103:13 As a father has compassion for [his] children, [so] YHWH has compassion for those fearing Him.

  • Prov. 14:26.

    Prov. 14:26 In the fear of YHWH confidence [is] strong, and for his sons there is a refuge.

  • Matt. 6:30, 32; 1 Peter 5:7.

    Matt. 6:30, 32 30 But if God thus clothes the grass of the field, being today and tomorrow being thrown into the furnace, [will He] not much more you⁺, O little of faith? 32 For the nations seek after all these things. For your⁺ heavenly Father knows that you⁺ have need of all of these.

    1 Peter 5:7 having cast all your⁺ anxiety on Him, because with Him there is care about you⁺.

  • Heb. 12:6.

    Heb. 12:6 For the Lord disciplines whom He loves, and He scourges every son whom He receives.”

  • Lam. 3:31–32. (See Ps. 89:30–35.)

    Lam. 3:31–32 31 For the Lord will not reject [us] forever; 32 for though He may bring grief, He will show compassion according to the abundance of His loving devotion;

    Ps. 89:30–35 30 If his sons should abandon My instruction, and do not walk in My ordinances, 31 if they violate My statutes, and do not keep My commandments, 32 then I will attend [to] their transgression with the rod, and [to] their iniquity with stripes. 33 And I will not break off My loving devotion from him, and I will not be false in My faithfulness. 34 I will not violate My covenant, and a declaration of My lips I will not change. 35 Once I have sworn by My holiness—I will not lie to David—

  • Eph. 4:30.

    Eph. 4:30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you⁺ were sealed for the day of redemption.

  • Heb. 6:12.

    Heb. 6:12 so that you⁺ may not be sluggish, but imitators of those through faith and patience inheriting the promises.

  • 1 Peter 1:3–4; Heb. 1:14.

    1 Peter 1:3–4 3 Blessed [be] the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the One according to His great mercy having begotten us again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ out from the dead, 4 into an inheritance imperishable and undefiled and unfading, being kept in the heavens for you⁺,

    Heb. 1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits being sent forth for service for the sake of those being about to inherit salvation?

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 7421 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 12: Of Adoption17 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 335 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation4 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification4 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 264 shared proof texts

Chapter 13: Of Sanctification

1. They, who are once effectually called, and regenerated, having a new heart, and a new spirit created in them, are further sanctified, really and personally, through the virtue of Christ's death and resurrection, by his Word and Spirit dwelling in them: the dominion of the whole body of sin is destroyed, and the several lusts thereof are more and more weakened and mortified; and they more and more quickened and strengthened in all saving graces, to the practice of true holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.

2. This sanctification is throughout, in the whole man; yet imperfect in this life, there abiding still some remnants of corruption in every part; whence ariseth a continual and irreconcilable war, the flesh lusting against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh.

3. In which war, although the remaining corruption, for a time, may much prevail; yet, through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome; and so, the saints grow in grace, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Thess. 5:23–24; 2 Thess. 2:13–14; Ezek. 36:22–28; Titus 3:5; Acts 20:32; Phil. 3:10; Rom. 6:5–6.

    1 Thess. 5:23–24 23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you⁺ completely, and may your⁺ entire spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 24 Faithful [is] the One calling you⁺, who also will do [it].

    2 Thess. 2:13–14 13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, 14 to which also He called you⁺ through our gospel to the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    Ezek. 36:22–28 22 Therefore say to the house of Israel, thus says the Lord YHWH: [It is] not for your⁺ sake [that] I am doing [this], O house of Israel, for but the name of My holiness, which you⁺ have profaned among the nations to which you⁺ have gone in there. 23 And I will sanctify My great name, which has been profaned among the nations, which you⁺ have profaned in their midst, and the nations will know that I [am] YHWH, a declaration of the Lord YHWH, in My showing [My] holiness in you⁺ before their eyes. 24 For I will take you⁺ from the nations, and I will gather you⁺ from all of the lands, and I will bring you⁺ into your⁺ own land. 25 And I will sprinkle on you⁺ pure water, and you⁺ will be pure from all your⁺ uncleannesses, and from all your⁺ idols I will purify you⁺. 26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh. 27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them]. 28 And you⁺ will dwell in the land that I gave to your⁺ fathers and you⁺ will be unto Me a people, and I will be unto you⁺ God.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

    Acts 20:32 And now I commit you⁺ to God and to the word of His grace, being able to build [you] up and to give you an inheritance among all those having been sanctified.

    Phil. 3:10 to know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death,

    Rom. 6:5–6 5 For if we have become united in the likeness of His death, yet also we will be of the resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin.

  • John 17:17, 19; Eph. 5:26; Rom. 8:13–14; 2 Thess. 2:13.

    John 17:17, 19 17 Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is truth. 19 and for them I sanctify Myself, so that they also may be sanctified in truth.

    Eph. 5:26 so that He might sanctify her, having cleansed [her] by the washing of water in the word,

    Rom. 8:13–14 13 For if you⁺ live according to the flesh, you⁺ are about to die; but if by the Spirit you⁺ put to death the deeds of the body, you⁺ will live. 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.

    2 Thess. 2:13 But we ought to give thanks to God always concerning you⁺, brothers beloved by the Lord, because God chose you⁺ from the beginning unto salvation in the sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth,

  • Rom. 6:6, 14.

    Rom. 6:6, 14 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin. 14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

  • Gal. 5:24; Rom. 8:13.

    Gal. 5:24 Now those of Christ Jesus crucified the flesh with the passions and the desires.

    Rom. 8:13 For if you⁺ live according to the flesh, you⁺ are about to die; but if by the Spirit you⁺ put to death the deeds of the body, you⁺ will live.

  • Col. 1:10–11; Eph. 3:16–19.

    Col. 1:10–11 10 to walk worthily of the Lord: pleasing in all, bearing fruit in every good work, and growing in the knowledge of God, 11 being empowered with all power according to the power of His glory unto all endurance and patience, with joy

    Eph. 3:16–19 16 that He might give to you⁺ according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man, 17 [for] Christ to dwell in your⁺ hearts through faith, having been rooted and having been founded in love, 18 that you⁺ may be fully able, with all the saints, to comprehend what [is] the breadth and length and height and depth, 19 and to know the love of Christ surpassing knowledge, that you⁺ may be filled to all the fullness of God.

  • 2 Cor. 7:1; Col. 1:28; Col. 4:12; Heb. 12:14.

    2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore having these promises, beloved, we should cleanse ourselves from every defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

    Col. 1:28 whom we proclaim, admonishing every man and teaching every man in all wisdom, so that we may present every man perfect in Christ.

    Col. 4:12 Epaphras greets you⁺, who [is] of you⁺, a servant of Christ Jesus, always striving for you⁺ in the prayers, so that you⁺ may stand mature and fully assured in all the will of God.

    Heb. 12:14 Pursue peace with all, and holiness, without which no one will see the Lord,

  • 1 Thess. 5:23; Rom. 12:1–2.

    1 Thess. 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you⁺ completely, and may your⁺ entire spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    Rom. 12:1–2 1 Therefore I exhort you⁺, brothers, through the compassions of God, to present your⁺ bodies [as] a living sacrifice, holy to God, well-pleasing, which is your⁺ reasonable service. 2 And do not be conformed to this age, but be transformed by the renewing of the mind, for you⁺ to discern what [is] the good and well-pleasing and perfect will of God.

  • 1 John 1:8–10; Rom. 7:14–25; Phil. 3:12.

    1 John 1:8–10 8 If we should say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. 9 If we should confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous, that He may forgive us [our] sins and may cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10 If we should say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word is not in us.

    Rom. 7:14–25 14 For we have known that the law is spiritual; but I am fleshly, having been sold as a slave under sin. 15 For what I carry out, I do not understand. For what I want, this I do not practice; but what I hate, this I do. 16 Now if what I do not want, this I do, I assent to the law, that [it is] good. 17 But now I no longer carry it out, but the sin dwelling in me. 18 For I know that there does not dwell in me—that is, in my flesh—good. For to want is present with me, but not to carry out the good. 19 For the good that I want, I do not do; but the evil that I do not want, this I practice. 20 Now if what I do not want, this I do, no longer do I carry it out, but sin dwelling in me. 21 I find, then, the law in my wanting to do good, that evil is present with me. 22 For I delight in the law of God according to the inner man, 23 but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin being in my members. 24 O wretched man [that] I am! Who will deliver me out of this body of death? 25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    Phil. 3:12 Not that I already obtained [it] or already have been perfected, but I pursue, if also I may take hold of that for which also I was taken hold of by Christ Jesus.

  • Gal. 5:17.

    Gal. 5:17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do.

  • Rom. 7:23.

    Rom. 7:23 but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin being in my members.

  • Rom. 6:14; 1 John 5:4; Eph. 4:15–16. (See Rom. 8:2.)

    Rom. 6:14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

    1 John 5:4 For everyone having been born of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory having overcome the world: our faith.

    Eph. 4:15–16 15 But speaking the truth in love, we should grow in all things into Him who is the head, Christ, 16 from whom all the body, being fit together and being knit together by every joint of [its] supply, according to the working in the measure of each single part, the increase of the body makes for the building up of itself in love.

    Rom. 8:2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus set you free from the law of sin and death.

  • 2 Peter 3:18; 2 Cor. 3:18.

    2 Peter 3:18 But grow in grace and in knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him [be] the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.

    2 Cor. 3:18 And we all, having been unveiled in face, reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

  • 2 Cor. 7:1.

    2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore having these promises, beloved, we should cleanse ourselves from every defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 13: Of Sanctification20 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 7517 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 9: Of Free Will, and So of Man's Power and Ability14 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 312 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 11410 shared proof textsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 358 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith

1. The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls, is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word, by which also, and by the administration of the sacraments, and prayer, it is increased and strengthened.

2. By this faith, a Christian believeth to be true whatsoever is revealed in the Word, for the authority of God himself speaking therein; and acteth differently upon that which each particular passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to the commands, trembling at the threatenings, and embracing the promises of God for this life, and that which is to come. But the principal acts of saving faith are accepting, receiving, and resting upon Christ alone for justification, sanctification, and eternal life, by virtue of the covenant of grace.

3. This faith is different in degrees, weak or strong; may be often and many ways assailed, and weakened, but gets the victory: growing up in many to the attainment of a full assurance, through Christ, who is both the author and finisher of our faith.

Scripture proofs
  • Titus 1:1; Heb. 10:39.

    Titus 1:1 Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of the chosen of God and the knowledge of the truth that [is] according to godliness,

    Heb. 10:39 But we are not of [those] shrinking back to destruction, but of faith to the preserving [of] the soul.

  • 1 Cor. 12:3; John 3:5; Titus 3:5; John 6:44–45, 65; Eph. 2:8; Phil. 1:29; 2 Peter 1:1. (See 1 Peter 1:2.)

    1 Cor. 12:3 Therefore I make known to you⁺ that no one speaking in the Spirit of God says, “Jesus [is] accursed,” and no one is able to say, “Jesus [is] Lord,” except in the Holy Spirit.

    John 3:5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

    John 6:44–45, 65 44 No one is able to come to Me unless the Father, the One having sent Me, should draw him, and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught of God.’ Everyone having heard from the Father and having learned comes to Me. 65 And He was saying, “Because of this, I have said to you⁺ that no one is able to come to Me unless it shall have been given to him from the Father.”

    Eph. 2:8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God,

    Phil. 1:29 For it was granted to you⁺ on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer on behalf of Him,

    2 Peter 1:1 Simeon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, To those having obtained a faith equally precious with ours, through the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ:

    1 Peter 1:2 according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: May grace and peace be multiplied to you⁺.

  • Matt. 28:19–20; Rom. 10:14, 17; 1 Cor. 1:21.

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    Rom. 10:14, 17 14 How then can they call upon One in whom they did not believe? And how can they believe in One of whom they did not hear? And how can they hear apart from one preaching? 17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    1 Cor. 1:21 For since in the wisdom of God the world through wisdom did not know God, God was well pleased through the foolishness of the preaching to save those believing.

  • 1 Peter 2:2; Acts 20:32; Rom. 1:16–17; Matt. 28:19 (see Acts 2:38); 1 Cor. 10:16; 1 Cor. 11:23–29; Luke 17:5; Phil. 4:6–7.

    1 Peter 2:2 like newborn babies, long for the reasonable, unspoiled milk, so that in it you⁺ may grow up into salvation,

    Acts 20:32 And now I commit you⁺ to God and to the word of His grace, being able to build [you] up and to give you an inheritance among all those having been sanctified.

    Rom. 1:16–17 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God unto salvation to everyone believing—both to Jew first, and to Greek. 17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith, just as it has been written: “And the righteous one will live by faith.”

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    Acts 2:38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

    1 Cor. 10:16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ?

    1 Cor. 11:23–29 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.

    Luke 17:5 And the apostles said to the Lord, “Add to our faith!”

    Phil. 4:6–7 6 Be anxious about nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your⁺ requests be made known to God. 7 And the peace of God, that is surpassing all understanding, will guard your⁺ hearts and your⁺ minds in Christ Jesus.

  • 2 Peter 1:20–21; John 4:42; 1 Thess. 2:13; 1 John 5:9–10; Acts 24:14.

    2 Peter 1:20–21 20 knowing this first, that every prophecy of Scripture is not of its own interpretation. 21 For not by the will of man was prophecy brought forth at any time, but being carried by the Holy Spirit, men spoke from God.

    John 4:42 And they were saying to the woman, “No longer because of your speech do we believe; for we ourselves have heard, and we know that this is truly the Savior of the world.”

    1 Thess. 2:13 And because of this, we also give thanks to God unceasingly that, having received the word of God, hearing from us, you⁺ accepted, not the word of men, but just as truly it is, the word of God, which also works in you⁺, those believing.

    1 John 5:9–10 9 If we receive the testimony of men, the testimony of God is greater, because this is the testimony of God that He has testified concerning His Son. 10 The one believing in the Son of God has the testimony in himself; the one not believing God has made Him a liar, because he has not believed in the testimony that God has testified concerning His Son.

    Acts 24:14 But I confess this to you, that according to the Way, which they call a sect, so I serve the God of our fathers, believing all things throughout the Law and that have been written in the Prophets,

  • Ps. 119:10–11, 48, 97–98, 167–168; John 14:15.

    Ps. 119:10–11, 48, 97–98, 167–168 10 With all my heart I have sought You; do not let me stray from Your commandments. 11 In my heart I have hidden Your word, that I should not sin against You. 48 And I will lift up my hands to Your commandments, which I have loved, and I will meditate on Your statutes. 97 Oh, how I love Your law! All the day, it [is] my meditation. 98 [By] Your commandment You make me wiser than my enemies; for, it [is] with me forever. 167 My soul has kept Your testimonies, and I love them exceedingly. 168 I have kept Your precepts and Your testimonies, because all my ways [are] before You.

    John 14:15 If you⁺ love Me, you⁺ will keep My commandments.

  • Ezra 9:4; Isa. 66:2; Heb. 4:1.

    Ezra 9:4 And they assembled to me—everyone trembling at the words of the God of Israel, because of the trespass of the exiles. And I sat appalled until the sacrifice of the evening.

    Isa. 66:2 And all these [things] My own hand has made, and all these [things] have come to be!” a declaration of YHWH. “And to this one I will look: To the poor and stricken one in spirit, and [who] trembles at My word.

    Heb. 4:1 Therefore we should fear, lest ever, the promise to enter into His rest left remaining, any of you⁺ should seem to have fallen short.

  • Heb. 11:13; 1 Tim. 4:8.

    Heb. 11:13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar, and having welcomed [them], and having confessed that they are strangers and sojourners on the earth.

    1 Tim. 4:8 For bodily exercise is to a little profit, but godliness is profitable for everything, having the promise of the present life and of the one about to be.

  • John 1:12; Acts 16:31; Gal. 2:20; Acts 15:11; 2 Tim. 1:9–10.

    John 1:12 But as many as received Him, He gave to them authority to become children of God—to those believing in His name,

    Acts 16:31 And they said, “Believe on the Lord Jesus and you will be saved, you and your house.”

    Gal. 2:20 I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And that which I now live in the flesh, I live in faith of the Son of God, the One having loved me and having given up Himself for me.

    Acts 15:11 But we believe to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner [as] they also.”

    2 Tim. 1:9–10 9 the One having saved us and having called [us] with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to His own purpose and grace, having been given to us in Christ Jesus before times eternal, 10 and now having been made manifest through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, having indeed abolished death and having brought to light life and immortality through the gospel,

  • Heb. 5:13–14; Rom. 14:1–2; Matt. 6:30; Rom. 4:19–20; Matt. 8:10.

    Heb. 5:13–14 13 For everyone partaking of milk [is] inexperienced in the word of righteousness, for he is an infant. 14 But solid food is for the mature, the ones by constant use having trained the senses for distinguishing both good and evil.

    Rom. 14:1–2 1 And receive the one being weak in the faith, not for passing judgment on reasonings. 2 Indeed, one believes to eat all things, but the one being weak eats vegetables.

    Matt. 6:30 But if God thus clothes the grass of the field, being today and tomorrow being thrown into the furnace, [will He] not much more you⁺, O little of faith?

    Rom. 4:19–20 19 And not having become weak in the faith, he considered his body already having become dead, being about a hundred years old, and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 20 Yet he did not doubt in unbelief in the promise of God, but was empowered in faith, having given glory to God,

    Matt. 8:10 And having heard, Jesus marveled and said to those following, “Truly I say to you⁺, with no one in Israel did I find such great faith.

  • Luke 22:31–32; Eph. 6:16; 1 John 5:4–5.

    Luke 22:31–32 31 Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked for all of you⁺ to sift like wheat. 32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    Eph. 6:16 in all, having taken up the shield of faith, in which you⁺ will be able to quench all the flaming arrows of the evil one.

    1 John 5:4–5 4 For everyone having been born of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory having overcome the world: our faith. 5 Now who is the one overcoming the world, except the one believing that Jesus is the Son of God?

  • Heb. 6:11–12; Heb. 10:22; Col. 2:2.

    Heb. 6:11–12 11 And we desire each of you⁺ to show the same diligence toward the full assurance of the hope until the end, 12 so that you⁺ may not be sluggish, but imitators of those through faith and patience inheriting the promises.

    Heb. 10:22 we should come near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, the hearts having been sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and the body having been washed with pure water.

    Col. 2:2 that their hearts may be encouraged, having been knit together in love, and to all the riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the knowledge of the mystery of God: Christ,

  • Heb. 12:2.

    Heb. 12:2 looking to Jesus, the author and perfecter of [our] faith, who in view of the joy lying before Him endured the cross, having despised [its] shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 14: Of Saving Faith26 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 7210 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 10810 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 219 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1779 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 30: Of the Lord's Supper8 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 15: Of Repentance unto Life

1. Repentance unto life is an evangelical grace, the doctrine whereof is to be preached by every minister of the gospel, as well as that of faith in Christ.

2. By it, a sinner, out of the sight and sense not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, as contrary to the holy nature, and righteous law of God; and upon the apprehension of his mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, so grieves for, and hates his sins, as to turn from them all unto God, purposing and endeavoring to walk with him in all the ways of his commandments.

3. Although repentance be not to be rested in, as any satisfaction for sin, or any cause of the pardon thereof, which is the act of God's free grace in Christ; yet it is of such necessity to all sinners, that none may expect pardon without it.

4. As there is no sin so small, but it deserves damnation; so there is no sin so great, that it can bring damnation upon those who truly repent.

5. Men ought not to content themselves with a general repentance, but it is every man's duty to endeavor to repent of his particular sins, particularly.

6. As every man is bound to make private confession of his sins to God, praying for the pardon thereof; upon which, and the forsaking of them, he shall find mercy; so, he that scandalizeth his brother, or the church of Christ, ought to be willing, by a private or public confession, and sorrow for his sin, to declare his repentance to those that are offended, who are thereupon to be reconciled to him, and in love to receive him.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 11:18; 2 Cor. 7:10; Zech. 12:10.

    Acts 11:18 And having heard these things, they were silent and glorified God, saying, “Then indeed God has given also to the Gentiles repentance unto life.”

    2 Cor. 7:10 For grief according to God works repentance unto salvation without regret; but the grief of the world produces death.

    Zech. 12:10 And I will pour out on the house of David and on those dwelling in Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication, and they will look on Me, whom they have pierced. And they will mourn for Him, like the mourning over the only one, and grieving over Him like the grieving over a firstborn.

  • Luke 24:47; Mark 1:15; Acts 20:21.

    Luke 24:47 and repentance and forgiveness of sins are to be proclaimed in His name to all nations, having begun from Jerusalem.

    Mark 1:15 and saying, “The time has been fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has drawn near. Repent and believe in the gospel!”

    Acts 20:21 earnestly testifying both to the Jews and to the Greeks repentance to God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.

  • Ezek. 18:30–31; Ezek. 36:31; Isa. 30:22; Ps. 51:4; Jer. 31:18–19; Joel 2:12–13; Amos 5:15; Ps. 119:128; 2 Cor. 7:11; 1 Thess. 1:9.

    Ezek. 18:30–31 30 Therefore each man, according to his ways, I will judge you⁺, O house of Israel, a declaration of the Lord YHWH. Turn away and turn away from all your⁺ transgressions, and iniquity will not be unto you⁺ as a stumbling block. 31 Cast away from you⁺ all the transgressions that you⁺ have transgressed by them, and make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! For why should you⁺ die, O house of Israel?

    Ezek. 36:31 And you⁺ will remember your⁺ evil ways and your⁺ deeds that [were] not good, and you⁺ will loathe in your⁺ faces over your⁺ iniquities and over your⁺ abominations.

    Isa. 30:22 And you⁺ will defile the overlaid idols of your silver, and the plating of the molten images of your gold; you will throw them away like menstrual cloths—“Filth!”” You will say to it.

    Ps. 51:4 Against You, You alone, have I sinned, and have done the evil in your eyes, so that You are right when You speak, and You are pure when You judge.

    Jer. 31:18–19 18 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: ‘You disciplined me, and I was disciplined as an untrained heifer; turn me back and I will return, for You [are] YHWH my God. 19 For after my turning back, I repented; and after I was instructed, I struck myself on the thigh; I was ashamed and also humiliated, because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

    Joel 2:12–13 12 “Even now,” a declaration of YHWH, “May you turn to Me with all your⁺ heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning.” 13 And rend your⁺ heart and not your⁺ garments. May you return to YHWH your⁺ God, for He [is] gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, and great in loving devotion, and relenting from harm.

    Amos 5:15 Hate evil and love good, and establish justice in the gate! Perhaps YHWH God of Hosts will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph.”

    Ps. 119:128 Upon thus, all the precepts I have declared wholly right; every path of deception I hate.

    2 Cor. 7:11 For behold how much earnestness this same thing—to have been grieved according to God—produced in you⁺: but defense, but indignation, but fear, but longing, but zeal, but avenging! In everything, you⁺ commended yourselves to be innocent in the matter.

    1 Thess. 1:9 For they themselves report concerning us what kind of entrance we had to you⁺, and how you⁺ turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God,

  • Ps. 119:6, 59, 106; 2 Kings 23:25. (See Luke 1:6.)

    Ps. 119:6, 59, 106 6 Then I would not be ashamed, in my looking to all Your commandments. 59 I have considered my paths, and turned back my feet to Your testimonies. 106 I have sworn and confirmed: I will keep the judgments of Your righteousness.

    2 Kings 23:25 And there was none like him before his face, a king who turned to YHWH with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the Law of Moses—and after him not one has arisen like him.

    Luke 1:6 And they were both righteous before God, going on in all the commandments and righteous requirements of the Lord, blameless.

  • Ezek. 36:31–32; Ezek. 16:61–63; Isa. 43:25.

    Ezek. 36:31–32 31 And you⁺ will remember your⁺ evil ways and your⁺ deeds that [were] not good, and you⁺ will loathe in your⁺ faces over your⁺ iniquities and over your⁺ abominations. 32 [It is] not for your⁺ sake [that] I am doing [this], a declaration of the Lord YHWH, let it be known to you⁺. Be ashamed and disgraced for your⁺ ways, O house of Israel!

    Ezek. 16:61–63 61 And you will remember your ways, and you will be ashamed, in your taking your sisters, those older than you to those younger than you, when I give them to you as daughters, and not by your covenant. 62 And I will establish My covenant with you, and you will know that I [am] YHWH, 63 so that you may remember and be ashamed, and there will come to be for you no more an opening of your mouth from the face of your shame, in My making atonement toward you for all that you have done! An utterance of the Lord YHWH.”

    Isa. 43:25 I—I [am] He, the One wiping out your transgressions for My own sake, and your sins I will not remember.

  • Hos. 14:2, 4; Rom. 3:24; Eph. 1:7.

    Hos. 14:2, 4 2 Take with you⁺ words, and return to YHWH. Say to Him: “Lift away all iniquity, and receive what is good, and we offer the fruit of our lips. 4 I will heal their backsliding, I will love them willingly; for My anger has turned back from him.

    Rom. 3:24 being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,

    Eph. 1:7 in whom we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of trespasses, according to the riches of His grace,

  • Luke 13:3, 5; Mark 1:4; Acts 17:30–31.

    Luke 13:3, 5 3 No, I say to you⁺; but unless you⁺ repent, you⁺ will all likewise perish. 5 No, I say to you⁺; but unless you⁺ repent, you⁺ will all likewise perish.”

    Mark 1:4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance unto forgiveness of sins.

    Acts 17:30–31 30 Indeed, therefore, God, having overlooked the times of ignorance, now commands all men everywhere to repent, 31 because He set a day in which He is about to judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He appointed, having provided a guarantee to all, having raised Him out from the dead.”

  • Rom. 6:23; Gal. 3:10; Matt. 12:36.

    Rom. 6:23 For the wages of sin [is] death, but the gift of God [is] eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

    Gal. 3:10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.”

    Matt. 12:36 And I say to you⁺ that every careless word that men will speak, they will give an account concerning it in the day of judgment.

  • Isa. 55:7; Rom. 8:1; Isa. 1:16–18.

    Isa. 55:7 Let the wicked one forsake his way, and the man of iniquity his thoughts; and let him return to YHWH, and He will have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

    Rom. 8:1 Therefore [there is] now no condemnation to those in Christ Jesus.

    Isa. 1:16–18 16 Wash, cleanse yourselves; turn aside the evil of your⁺ deeds from before My eyes. Cease to do evil. 17 Learn to do good, seek justice, rebuke the oppressor, bring justice for the fatherless, contend for the widow.” 18 “Come now, and let us reason together,” says YHWH. “Though your⁺ sins may be like scarlet, they will be white like snow; though they are red like crimson, they will become like wool.

  • Ps. 19:13; Matt. 26:75; Luke 19:8; 1 Tim. 1:13, 15.

    Ps. 19:13 Also, hold back Your servant from proud [things]; may they not rule over me. Then I shall be complete, and cleansed of great transgression.

    Matt. 26:75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, [He] having said, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And having gone out, he wept bitterly.

    Luke 19:8 But having stood, Zacchaeus said to the Lord, “Behold, half of my possessions, Lord, I give to the poor; and if I defrauded anything of anyone, I repay [it] fourfold.”

    1 Tim. 1:13, 15 13 formerly being a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and insolent; but I was shown mercy, because, being ignorant, I did [it] in unbelief. 15 Trustworthy [is] the word, and worthy of all acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost.

  • Ps. 32:5–6; Ps. 51:1–14.

    Ps. 32:5–6 5 I made known to You my sin, and my iniquity I did not hide; I said, “I will make confession over my transgressions to YHWH,” and You forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah 6 upon thus, let every godly one pray to You, in a time to find; even with a flood of great waters toward him, they shall not touch him.

    Ps. 51:1–14 1 For the one directing. A Psalm of David, in the coming of Nathan the prophet to him after that he had gone in to Bathsheba. Have mercy on me O God, according to Your loving devotion; according to the abundance of Your compassion, wipe out my transgressions. 2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. 3 For I know my transgressions, and my sin [is] before me continually. 4 Against You, You alone, have I sinned, and have done the evil in your eyes, so that You are right when You speak, and You are pure when You judge. 5 Behold, in iniquity I was brought forth, and in sin my mother conceived me. 6 Behold, You take delight [in] truth in the inner parts; in the inmost place You teach me wisdom. 7 Cleanse my sin with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow. 8 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice. 9 May You hide Your face from my sins, and wipe out all my iniquities. 10 Create a clean heart in me, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. 11 Do not cast me away from before Your face, and do not take away from me Your Holy Spirit. 12 Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me [by a] willing spirit. 13 I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners will return to You. 14 Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God, the God of my salvation; my tongue will sing of Your righteousness.

  • Prov. 28:13; Isa. 55:7; 1 John 1:9.

    Prov. 28:13 One covering his transgressions will not prosper, and one confessing and forsaking [them] will find mercy.

    Isa. 55:7 Let the wicked one forsake his way, and the man of iniquity his thoughts; and let him return to YHWH, and He will have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

    1 John 1:9 If we should confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous, that He may forgive us [our] sins and may cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

  • James 5:16; Luke 17:3–4; Josh. 7:19. (See Matt. 18:15–18.)

    James 5:16 Therefore confess the sins to one another and pray for one another, so that you⁺ may be healed. The supplication of a righteous [man] being made effective prevails much.

    Luke 17:3–4 3 Take heed to yourselves: If your brother should sin, rebuke him; and if he should repent, forgive him. 4 And if he should sin against you seven times in the day, and seven times he should return to you, saying, ‘I repent,’ you will forgive him.”

    Josh. 7:19 And Joshua said to Achan, “My son, give, please, glory to YHWH, God of Israel, and make to Him confession and tell now me what you have done. Do not hide [it] from me.”

    Matt. 18:15–18 15 And if your brother may sin against you, go reprove him between you and him alone. If he may hear you, you have gained your brother. 16 But if he may not hear, take with you one or two more, so that ‘every word may be stood upon the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ 17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector. 18 Truly I say to you⁺, whatever you⁺ shall bind on the earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you⁺ shall loose on the earth will be loosed in heaven.

  • 2 Cor. 2:7–8. (See Gal. 6:1–2.)

    2 Cor. 2:7–8 7 so that on the contrary, [it is] rather for you⁺ to forgive and to comfort [him], lest somehow such a one might be overwhelmed by more abundant grief. 8 Therefore I exhort you⁺ to confirm love toward him.

    Gal. 6:1–2 1 Brothers, even if a man should be overtaken in some trespass, you⁺ the spiritual ones, restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness, looking at yourself, lest you also be tempted. 2 Bear one another’s burdens and thus you⁺ will fulfill the law of Christ.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 7619 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 15: Of Repentance unto Life and Salvation14 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 8711 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1949 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1268 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification5 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Chapter 16: Of Good Works

1. Good works are only such as God hath commanded in his holy Word, and not such as, without the warrant thereof, are devised by men, out of blind zeal, or upon any pretense of good intention.

2. These good works, done in obedience to God's commandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true and lively faith: and by them believers manifest their thankfulness, strengthen their assurance, edify their brethren, adorn the profession of the gospel, stop the mouths of the adversaries, and glorify God, whose workmanship they are, created in Christ Jesus thereunto, that, having their fruit unto holiness, they may have the end, eternal life.

3. Their ability to do good works is not at all of themselves, but wholly from the Spirit of Christ. And that they may be enabled thereunto, beside the graces they have already received, there is required an actual influence of the same Holy Spirit, to work in them to will, and to do, of his good pleasure: yet are they not hereupon to grow negligent, as if they were not bound to perform any duty unless upon a special motion of the Spirit; but they ought to be diligent in stirring up the grace of God that is in them.

4. They who, in their obedience, attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and to do more than God requires, as that they fall short of much which in duty they are bound to do.

5. We cannot by our best works merit pardon of sin, or eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great disproportion that is between them and the glory to come; and the infinite distance that is between us and God, whom, by them, we can neither profit, nor satisfy for the debt of our former sins, but when we have done all we can, we have done but our duty, and are unprofitable servants: and because, as they are good, they proceed from his Spirit; and as they are wrought by us, they are defiled, and mixed with so much weakness and imperfection, that they cannot endure the severity of God's judgment.

6. Notwithstanding, the persons of believers being accepted through Christ, their good works also are accepted in him; not as though they were in this life wholly unblamable and unreprovable in God's sight; but that he, looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and reward that which is sincere, although accompanied with many weaknesses and imperfections.

7. Works done by unregenerate men, although for the matter of them they may be things which God commands; and of good use both to themselves and others: yet, because they proceed not from an heart purified by faith; nor are done in a right manner, according to the Word; nor to a right end, the glory of God, they are therefore sinful, and cannot please God, or make a man meet to receive grace from God: and yet, their neglect of them is more sinful and displeasing unto God.

Scripture proofs
  • Mic. 6:8; Rom. 12:2; Heb. 13:21.

    Mic. 6:8 He has shown to you, O man, what [is] good. And what does YHWH seek from you, but to do justice and to love kindness, and to be humble to walk with your God?

    Rom. 12:2 And do not be conformed to this age, but be transformed by the renewing of the mind, for you⁺ to discern what [is] the good and well-pleasing and perfect will of God.

    Heb. 13:21 equip you⁺ in everything good in order to do His will, doing in us that which [is] well pleasing before Him, through Jesus Christ, to whom [be] the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen.

  • Matt. 15:9; Isa. 29:13; 1 Peter 1:18; John 16:2; Rom. 10:2; 1 Sam. 15:21–23; Deut. 10:12–13; Col. 2:16–17, 20–23.

    Matt. 15:9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

    Isa. 29:13 And YHWH says, “Because that this people draws near with its mouth, and honors Me with its lips, and its heart has grown far away from Me, and their reverence toward Me is a commandment taught by men.

    1 Peter 1:18 knowing that were you⁺ redeemed from your⁺ futile conduct handed down from [your] fathers, not with perishable things—with silver or with gold—

    John 16:2 They will put you⁺ out of the synagogues; but an hour is coming that everyone having killed you⁺ will think he is offering a service to God.

    Rom. 10:2 For I testify about them that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.

    1 Sam. 15:21–23 21 And the people took from the plunder sheep and oxen, the first part of the devoted thing, to sacrifice to YHWH your God in Gilgal.” 22 And Samuel said, “Has YHWH delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as [in] listening to the voice of YHWH? Behold, to listen is better than sacrifice, [and] to heed than the fat of rams. 23 For [as] the sin of witchcraft [is] rebellion, and iniquity and teraphim [is] stubbornness, because you have rejected the word of YHWH, so He has rejected you as king.”

    Deut. 10:12–13 12 And now, O Israel, what does YHWH your God require of you except but to fear YHWH your God, to walk in all His ways, and to love Him, and to serve YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 [and] to keep the commandments of YHWH, and His statutes that I command you today for good to you?

    Col. 2:16–17, 20–23 16 Therefore let no one judge you⁺ in food or in drink or in the part of a feast or of a New Moon or of Sabbaths, 17 which are a shadow the things about to be; but the body [is] of the Christ. 20 If you⁺ died with Christ, away from the elements of the world, why, as if living in the world, are you⁺ subject to decrees: 21 “You should not handle! You should not taste! You should not touch!”— 22 which are all unto decay with the use, according to the precepts and teachings of men, 23 which, having indeed a word of wisdom in self-willed worship and humility and harsh treatment of the body, are not in any value toward the indulgence of the flesh.

  • James 2:18, 22.

    James 2:18, 22 18 But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show to me your faith without works, and I will show to you faith by my works. 22 You see that faith was working with his works, and by works, faith was perfected.

  • Ps. 116:12–14; Col. 3:15–17; 1 Peter 2:9.

    Ps. 116:12–14 12 What shall I return to YHWH; all His benefits [are] upon me? 13 I will take up the cup of salvation, and upon the name of YHWH I will call. 14 I will fulfill My vows to YHWH now in front of all His people.

    Col. 3:15–17 15 And let the peace of Christ rule in your⁺ hearts, to which also you⁺ were called in one body. And be thankful. 16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you⁺ richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing each other in psalms, hymns, [and] spiritual songs, in grace singing in your⁺ hearts to God. 17 And everything, whatever you⁺ may do in word or in work, do all things in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him.

    1 Peter 2:9 But you⁺ [are] a chosen kindred, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for [His] possession, so that you⁺ may proclaim the excellencies of the One having called you⁺ out of darkness into His marvelous light,

  • 1 John 2:3, 5; 2 Peter 1:5–10.

    1 John 2:3, 5 3 And by this we know that we have known Him, if we may keep His commandments. 5 But whoever may keep His word, truly in him the love of God has been perfected. In this we know that we are in Him:

    2 Peter 1:5–10 5 Now also for this very [reason], having brought in all diligence, supply in your⁺ faith virtue, and in virtue knowledge, 6 and in knowledge self-control, and in self-control perseverance, and in perseverance godliness, 7 and in godliness brotherly affection, and in brotherly affection love. 8 For these things being in you⁺ and abounding make [you] neither idle nor unfruitful in regard to the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. 9 For in whomever these things are not present, he is blind, being shortsighted, having received forgetfulness of the cleansing [from] his former sins. 10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble.

  • 2 Cor. 9:2; Matt. 5:16; 1 Tim. 4:12.

    2 Cor. 9:2 For I know your⁺ readiness, which I boast of to Macedonians on behalf of you⁺, that Achaia has been prepared from a year ago, and your⁺ zeal provoked the greater part.

    Matt. 5:16 Thus let your⁺ light shine before men, so that they may see your⁺ good works and may glorify your⁺ Father who [is] in the heavens.

    1 Tim. 4:12 Let no one despise your youth, but be a pattern for the believers in word, in conduct, in love, in faith, in purity.

  • Titus 2:5, 9–12; 1 Tim. 6:1.

    Titus 2:5, 9–12 5 sound-minded, pure, keepers at home, good, being subject to [their] own husbands, so that the word of God may not be blasphemed. 9 Slaves are to be subject to [their] own masters in everything, to be well-pleasing, not contradicting, 10 not pilfering, but demonstrating all good faithfulness, so that they may adorn the teaching of God our Savior in all things. 11 For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, 12 instructing us that having denied ungodliness and worldly passions, we should live sound-mindedly and righteously and godlily in the present age,

    1 Tim. 6:1 As many as are under a yoke [as] slaves, let them esteem [their] own masters worthy of all honor, so that the name of God and the teaching may not be blasphemed.

  • 1 Peter 2:15.

    1 Peter 2:15 because the will of God is this: doing good, to put to silence the ignorance of foolish men,

  • 1 Peter 2:12; Phil. 1:11; John 15:8.

    1 Peter 2:12 having your⁺ conduct among the Gentiles good, so that wherein which they speak against you⁺ as evildoers, out of having witnessed the good works, they may glorify God in the day of visitation.

    Phil. 1:11 being filled with the fruit of righteousness that [is] through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.

    John 15:8 In this My Father is glorified, that you⁺ should bear much fruit, and you⁺ shall be My disciples.

  • Eph. 2:10.

    Eph. 2:10 For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.

  • Rom. 6:22.

    Rom. 6:22 But now, having been set free from sin and having become slaves to God, you⁺ have your⁺ fruit unto sanctification, and the end [is] eternal life.

  • John 15:4–6; Rom. 8:4–14; Ezek. 36:26–27.

    John 15:4–6 4 Remain in Me, and I in you⁺. As the branch is not able to bear fruit of itself unless it remains in the vine, so neither you⁺, unless you⁺ remain in Me. 5 I am the vine; you⁺ [are] the branches. The one remaining in Me and I in him, he bears much fruit. For apart from Me you⁺ are able to do nothing. 6 If anyone does not remain in Me, he is thrown out like the branch and is dried up; and they gather them and cast [them] into the fire, and they are burned.

    Rom. 8:4–14 4 so that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, those not walking according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. 5 For those being according to the flesh mind the [things] of the flesh, but those according to the Spirit the [things] of the Spirit. 6 For the mind of the flesh [is] death, but the mind of the Spirit [is] life and peace, 7 because the mind of the flesh [is] hostility toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for [it is] not even able. 8 And those being in the flesh are not able to please God. 9 But you⁺ are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you⁺; and if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this one is not of Him. 10 But if Christ [is] in you⁺, the body [is] indeed dead because of sin, but the spirit [is] life because of righteousness. 11 And if the Spirit of the One having raised Jesus out from the dead dwells in you⁺, the One having raised Christ Jesus out from the dead will also make alive your⁺ mortal bodies through His Spirit, the One dwelling in you⁺. 12 So then, brothers, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. 13 For if you⁺ live according to the flesh, you⁺ are about to die; but if by the Spirit you⁺ put to death the deeds of the body, you⁺ will live. 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.

    Ezek. 36:26–27 26 And I will give to you⁺ a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you⁺; and I will take away the heart of stone from your⁺ flesh, and I will give to you⁺ a heart of flesh. 27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

  • Phil. 2:13; Phil. 4:13; 2 Cor. 3:5; Eph. 3:16.

    Phil. 2:13 For God is the One working in you⁺ both to will and to work on behalf of [His] good pleasure.

    Phil. 4:13 I have strength [for] all things in the One empowering me.

    2 Cor. 3:5 Not that we are sufficient from ourselves to reckon anything as of ourselves, but our sufficiency [is] of God,

    Eph. 3:16 that He might give to you⁺ according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man,

  • Phil. 2:12; Heb. 6:11–12; 2 Peter 1:3, 5, 10–11; Isa. 64:7; 2 Tim. 1:6; Acts 26:6–7; Jude 20–21.

    Phil. 2:12 Therefore, my beloved, just as always you⁺ obeyed, not only as in my presence, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.

    Heb. 6:11–12 11 And we desire each of you⁺ to show the same diligence toward the full assurance of the hope until the end, 12 so that you⁺ may not be sluggish, but imitators of those through faith and patience inheriting the promises.

    2 Peter 1:3, 5, 10–11 3 Accordingly, His divine power has given to us all things toward life and godliness, through the knowledge of the One having called us [by His] own glory and excellence, 5 Now also for this very [reason], having brought in all diligence, supply in your⁺ faith virtue, and in virtue knowledge, 10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble. 11 For in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be richly supplied to you⁺.

    Isa. 64:7 And no one is calling on Your name, stirring himself up to take hold of You; for You have hidden Your face from us, and delivered us into the hand of our iniquities.

    2 Tim. 1:6 Because of this reason, I remind you to rekindle the gift of God, which is in you through the laying on of my hands.

    Acts 26:6–7 6 And now I stand, being judged for the hope of the promise having been made by God to our fathers, 7 to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, serving in earnestness night and day, the hope concerning which I am accused by the Jews, O king.

    Jude 20 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 21 on BibleHub ↗

  • Luke 17:10; Neh. 13:22; Rom. 8:21–25; Gal. 5:17.

    Luke 17:10 Thus also you⁺, when you⁺ may have done all the [things] having been directed you⁺, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have done that which we were obligated to do.’”

    Neh. 13:22 And I said to the Levites that they should be cleansing themselves, and coming in guarding the gates, to sanctify the day of the Sabbath. Also for this, remember me, O my God, and have pity on me according to the abundance of your loving devotion.

    Rom. 8:21–25 21 that the creation itself will also be set free from the bondage of decay, into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that all the creation groans together and travails together until now. 23 And not only [so], but we ourselves, even having the firstfruit of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly awaiting adoption as sons, the redemption of our body. 24 For in hope we were saved, but hope being seen is not hope. For does anyone hope for what he sees? 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly await in perseverance.

    Gal. 5:17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do.

  • Rom. 3:20; Rom. 4:2, 4, 6; Eph. 2:8–9; Titus 3:5–7; Rom. 8:18, 22–24; Ps. 16:2; Job 22:2–3; Job 35:7–8.

    Rom. 3:20 Therefore by works of the law, not any flesh will be justified before Him; for through the law [is] knowledge of sin.

    Rom. 4:2, 4, 6 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has a ground of boasting, but not before God. 4 Now to the one working, the wage is not reckoned according to grace, but according to debt. 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works:

    Eph. 2:8–9 8 For by grace you⁺ are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God, 9 not by works, so that no one may boast.

    Titus 3:5–7 5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit, 6 whom He poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

    Rom. 8:18, 22–24 18 For I reckon that the sufferings of the present time [are] not comparable to the glory about to be revealed in us. 22 For we know that all the creation groans together and travails together until now. 23 And not only [so], but we ourselves, even having the firstfruit of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly awaiting adoption as sons, the redemption of our body. 24 For in hope we were saved, but hope being seen is not hope. For does anyone hope for what he sees?

    Ps. 16:2 I said to YHWH, “You [are] my Lord. My goodness [is] nothing apart from You.”

    Job 22:2–3 2 “Can a man be useful to God? Can even a wise one benefit Him? 3 Is it pleasure to Shaddai that you are righteous, or gain that you perfect your ways?

    Job 35:7–8 7 If you are righteous, what do you give to Him? Or what does He receive from your hand? 8 Your wickedness [is] to a man such as you, and your righteousness to a son of man.

  • Luke 17:10.

    Luke 17:10 Thus also you⁺, when you⁺ may have done all the [things] having been directed you⁺, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have done that which we were obligated to do.’”

  • Rom. 8:13–14; Gal. 5:22–23.

    Rom. 8:13–14 13 For if you⁺ live according to the flesh, you⁺ are about to die; but if by the Spirit you⁺ put to death the deeds of the body, you⁺ will live. 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.

    Gal. 5:22–23 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control. Against such things there is no law.

  • Isa. 64:6; Gal. 5:17; Rom. 7:15, 18; Ps. 143:2; Ps. 130:3.

    Isa. 64:6 And all of us have become like an unclean one, all our righteous acts [are] as a filthy rag; and all of us wither like the leaf, and our iniquities carry us away like the wind.

    Gal. 5:17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do.

    Rom. 7:15, 18 15 For what I carry out, I do not understand. For what I want, this I do not practice; but what I hate, this I do. 18 For I know that there does not dwell in me—that is, in my flesh—good. For to want is present with me, but not to carry out the good.

    Ps. 143:2 And do not enter into judgment with Your servant, for not anyone alive is righteous before Your face.

    Ps. 130:3 If You were to mark iniquities, O YAH, O Lord, who could stand?

  • Eph. 1:6; 1 Peter 2:5. (See Ex. 28:38; Gen. 4:4; Heb. 11:4.)

    Eph. 1:6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He graciously gave us in the Beloved One,

    1 Peter 2:5 you yourselves also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house into a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

    Ex. 28:38 And it shall be on the forehead of Aaron, and Aaron shall bear the iniquity of the holy things that the sons of Israel shall sanctify for all their holy gifts; and it shall be on his forehead continually, for a pleasing thing for them before the face of YHWH.

    Gen. 4:4 And Abel, he also brought from the firstborn of his flock, even from their fat. And YHWH looked with favor unto Abel and unto his offering.

    Heb. 11:4 By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he was testified to be righteous, God testifying about his gifts; and through it, having died, he still speaks.

  • Job 9:20; Ps. 143:2; 1 John 1:8.

    Job 9:20 If I were righteous, my own mouth would declare me wicked; if I were blameless, then it would declare me perverse.

    Ps. 143:2 And do not enter into judgment with Your servant, for not anyone alive is righteous before Your face.

    1 John 1:8 If we should say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us.

  • Heb. 13:20–21; 2 Cor. 8:12; Heb. 6:10; Matt. 25:21, 23; 1 Cor. 3:14; 1 Cor. 4:5.

    Heb. 13:20–21 20 Now [may] the God of peace, the One having brought up out from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, by the blood of the eternal covenant, 21 equip you⁺ in everything good in order to do His will, doing in us that which [is] well pleasing before Him, through Jesus Christ, to whom [be] the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen.

    2 Cor. 8:12 For if the readiness is present, [it is] acceptable as if he may have, not as he does not have.

    Heb. 6:10 For God [is] not unjust to forget your⁺ work and the love that you⁺ showed for His name, having ministered to the saints, and [still] ministering.

    Matt. 25:21, 23 21 His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You were faithful over a few things; I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’ 23 His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You were faithful over a few things; I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’

    1 Cor. 3:14 If the work of anyone that he built up will remain, he will receive a reward.

    1 Cor. 4:5 So then do not judge anything before the time, until the Lord shall have come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and will make manifest the purposes of hearts; and then the praise will come to each from God.

  • 2 Kings 10:30–31; 1 Kings 21:27, 29; Luke 6:32–34; Luke 18:2–7. (See Rom. 13:4.)

    2 Kings 10:30–31 30 And YHWH said to Jehu, “Because that you have done well in doing right in My eyes—according to all that [is] in My heart you have done to the house of Ahab—sons of the fourth shall sit unto you on the throne of Israel.” 31 And Jehu did not take heed to walk in the law of YHWH, God of Israel, with all his heart. For he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam, who had caused Israel to sin.

    1 Kings 21:27, 29 27 And it came to pass when Ahab heard these words that he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his body, and he fasted and lay in the sackcloth, and he walked softly. 29 “Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before Me? Because that he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the calamity in his days; in the days of his son I will bring the calamity on his house.”

    Luke 6:32–34 32 And if you⁺ love those loving you⁺, what grace is it to you⁺? For even the sinners love those loving them. 33 For even if you⁺ do good to those doing good to you⁺, what grace is it to you⁺? Even the sinners do the same. 34 And if you⁺ lend [to] [those] from whom you⁺ expect to receive back, what grace is it to you⁺? Even sinners lend to sinners, that they might receive back the equivalent.

    Luke 18:2–7 2 saying, “There was a certain judge in a certain city, not fearing God and not respecting man. 3 And there was a widow in that city, and she was coming to him, saying, ‘Avenge me from my adversary.’ 4 And he was not willing for a time, but after these things he said in himself, ‘Even if I do not fear God nor respect man, 5 yet because this widow causes me trouble, I will avenge her, so that coming until the end, she does not exhaust me.’” 6 And the Lord said, “Hear what the unrighteous judge says. 7 And shall not God execute the avenging of His chosen—the ones crying out to Him day and night—and be deferring in regard to them?

    Rom. 13:4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil.

  • Heb. 11:4, 6. (See Gen. 4:3–5.)

    Heb. 11:4, 6 4 By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he was testified to be righteous, God testifying about his gifts; and through it, having died, he still speaks. 6 And without faith [it is] impossible to please [Him], for it is necessary for the one coming to God to believe that He is and [that] He becomes a rewarder to those seeking Him out.

    Gen. 4:3–5 3 And it came to pass at the end of days that Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground an offering to YHWH. 4 And Abel, he also brought from the firstborn of his flock, even from their fat. And YHWH looked with favor unto Abel and unto his offering. 5 And to Cain and to his offering He did not look with favor, and it burned to Cain exceedingly, and his face fell.

  • 1 Cor. 13:3; Isa. 1:12.

    1 Cor. 13:3 And if I should give away all my possessions, and if I should deliver up my body that I may boast, but have not love, I am profited nothing.

    Isa. 1:12 When you⁺ come to appear before My face, who has sought this from your⁺ hand, to trample My courts?

  • Matt. 6:2, 5, 16; 1 Cor. 10:31.

    Matt. 6:2, 5, 16 2 Therefore, when you may do charity, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets so that they may be glorified by men. Truly I say to you⁺, they have their reward in full. 5 And when you⁺ may pray, you⁺ shall not be like the hypocrites, because they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the corners of the streets so that they might be seen by men. Truly I say to you⁺, they have their reward in full. 16 And when you⁺ may fast, do not be as the hypocrites, gloomy-faced; for they disfigure their faces so that they might appear to men [as] fasting. Truly I say to you⁺, they have their reward in full.

    1 Cor. 10:31 Therefore whether you⁺ eat or drink or whatever you⁺ do, do all things to the glory of God.

  • Prov. 21:27; Hag. 2:14; Titus 1:15; Amos 5:21–22; Mark 7:6–7; Hos. 1:4; Rom. 9:16; Titus 3:5.

    Prov. 21:27 The sacrifice of wicked ones [is] an abomination—how much more when he brings it in wickedness!

    Hag. 2:14 And Haggai answered and said, “Thus [is] this people, and thus [is] this nation before My face, a declaration of YHWH, and thus [is] every work of their hands, and what they offer there, it [is] unclean.

    Titus 1:15 All things [are] pure to the pure; but to those being defiled and unbelieving, nothing [is] pure. But both their mind and conscience are defiled.

    Amos 5:21–22 21 “I hate—I despise—your⁺ feast s, and I do not savor in your⁺ solemn assemblies! 22 Even though burnt offerings and grain offerings you⁺ send up to Me, l will not accept them, and the peace offering of your⁺ fatlings I will not regard.

    Mark 7:6–7 6 And He said to them, “Isaiah prophesied correctly about you⁺ hypocrites, as it has been written: ‘This people honors Me with the lips, but their heart is kept far away from Me; 7 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’

    Hos. 1:4 And YHWH said to him: “Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little and I will avenge the bloodshed of Jezreel on the house of Jehu, and I will bring to an end the kingdom of the house of Israel.

    Rom. 9:16 So then, [it is] not of the one willing, nor of the one running, but of God having mercy.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

  • Ps. 14:4; Ps. 36:3; Matt. 25:41–45; Matt. 23:23. (See Rom. 1:21–32.)

    Ps. 14:4 All those working iniquity, have they not know? They devour my people they have eaten bread; on YHWH they do not call.

    Ps. 36:3 The words of his mouth [are] wickedness and deceit; he has ceased to be prudent and do good.

    Matt. 25:41–45 41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I hungered, and you⁺ did not give to Me to eat; and I thirsted, and you⁺ did not give Me to drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you⁺ did not take Me in; naked, and you⁺ did not clothe Me; ailing and in prison, and you⁺ did not visit Me.’ 44 Then they also will answer, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or ailing, or in prison, and we did not minister to You?’ 45 Then He will answer them, saying, ‘Truly I say to you⁺, inasmuch as you⁺ did not do [it] to one of the least of these, you⁺ did not do [it] to Me.’

    Matt. 23:23 Woe to you⁺, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you⁺ pay tithes of mint and dill and cumin, and you⁺ left aside the weightier [things] of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness. And it was necessary to do these, and those not to leave aside.

    Rom. 1:21–32 21 For having known God, not as God did they glorify [Him], or give thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became fools, 23 and they changed the glory of the immortal God into the likeness of an image of mortal man and birds and quadrupeds and creeping things. 24 Therefore God gave them up in the sinful desires of their hearts to uncleanness to dishonor their bodies among themselves, 25 who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the One having created, who is blessed to the ages! Amen. 26 Because of this, God gave up them to passions of dishonor. For even their females changed the natural use into that contrary to nature. 27 And likewise also the males, having left the natural use of the female, were inflamed in their lust toward one another, males with males, working out shame and receiving back in themselves the recompense that was fitting of their error. 28 And just as they did not see fit to have God in [their] knowledge, God gave them up to an unfit mind, to do the [things] not being proper; 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; gossips, 30 slanderers, hateful to God, insolent, arrogant, boasters; inventors of evil, disobedient to parents; 31 unintelligent, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful; 32 who, having known the righteous decree of God that those practicing such things are worthy of death, not only are doing them, but also agree with those practicing [them].

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 16: Of Good Works61 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 16: Of Faith and Good Works: Of Their Reward and of Man's Merit13 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 113 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 11: Of Justification10 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8010 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 10910 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints

1. They, whom God hath accepted in his Beloved, effectually called, and sanctified by his Spirit, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace, but shall certainly persevere therein to the end, and be eternally saved.

2. This perseverance of the saints depends not upon their own free will, but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the free and unchangeable love of God the Father; upon the efficacy of the merit and intercession of Jesus Christ, the abiding of the Spirit, and of the seed of God within them, and the nature of the covenant of grace: from all which ariseth also the certainty and infallibility thereof.

3. Nevertheless, they may, through the temptations of Satan and of the world, the prevalency of corruption remaining in them, and the neglect of the means of their preservation, fall into grievous sins; and, for a time, continue therein: whereby they incur God's displeasure, and grieve his Holy Spirit, come to be deprived of some measure of their graces and comforts, have their hearts hardened, and their consciences wounded; hurt and scandalize others, and bring temporal judgments upon themselves.

Scripture proofs
  • Phil. 1:6; 2 Peter 1:10; Rom. 8:28–30; John 10:28–29; 1 John 3:9; 1 John 5:18; 1 Peter 1:5, 9.

    Phil. 1:6 being persuaded of this very thing, that the One having begun a good work in you⁺ will complete [it] until the day of Christ Jesus.

    2 Peter 1:10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble.

    Rom. 8:28–30 28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose, 29 because whom He foreknew, He also predestined [to be] conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers. 30 And whom He predestined, these also He called; and whom He called, these also He justified; and whom He justified, these also He glorified.

    John 10:28–29 28 And I give them eternal life, and never shall they perish to the age, and no one will snatch them out of My hand. 29 My Father, who has given [them] to Me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch [them] out of the hand of the Father.

    1 John 3:9 Everyone having been born of God does not do sin, because His seed remains in him, and he is not able to sin, because he has been born of God.

    1 John 5:18 We know that everyone having been born of God does not sin, but the One having been begotten of God keeps him, and the evil one does not touch him.

    1 Peter 1:5, 9 5 who [are] being guarded in the power of God through faith for the salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. 9 receiving the outcome of your⁺ faith, the salvation of [your] souls.

  • Ps. 89:3–4, 28–33; 2 Tim. 2:18–19; Jer. 31:3.

    Ps. 89:3–4, 28–33 3 “I have cut a covenant with My chosen one, I have sworn to David My servant: 4 ‘Even to forever I will establish Your seed, and build up for generation and generation your throne.’” Selah 28 Forever I will keep for him My loving devotion, and My covenant will stand fast for him. 29 And I will establish His seed forever, and his throne like the days of the heavens. 30 If his sons should abandon My instruction, and do not walk in My ordinances, 31 if they violate My statutes, and do not keep My commandments, 32 then I will attend [to] their transgression with the rod, and [to] their iniquity with stripes. 33 And I will not break off My loving devotion from him, and I will not be false in My faithfulness.

    2 Tim. 2:18–19 18 who missed the mark concerning the truth, saying the resurrection already to have happened; and they are overturning the faith of some. 19 Nevertheless, the firm foundation of God has stood, having this seal: “The Lord knows those being His,” and, “Let everyone naming the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness.”

    Jer. 31:3 YHWH has appeared to me from afar: “I have loved you [with] an everlasting love; upon thus I have drawn you with loving devotion.

  • Heb. 10:10, 14; Heb. 13:20–21; Heb. 9:12–15; Rom. 8:33–39; John 17:11, 24; Luke 22:32; Heb. 7:25.

    Heb. 10:10, 14 10 in which act of will, we are having been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified.

    Heb. 13:20–21 20 Now [may] the God of peace, the One having brought up out from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus, by the blood of the eternal covenant, 21 equip you⁺ in everything good in order to do His will, doing in us that which [is] well pleasing before Him, through Jesus Christ, to whom [be] the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen.

    Heb. 9:12–15 12 nor by blood of goats and calves, but through [His] own blood, He entered once for all into the holy [places], having obtained eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and of bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the ones having been defiled sanctify [them] for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our conscience from dead works, in order to serve the living God! 15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.

    Rom. 8:33–39 33 Who will bring an accusation against the chosen ones of God? God [is] the One justifying. 34 Who [is] the one condemning? Christ Jesus the One having died, now rather having been raised, [is] He who is also at the right hand of God, and who is interceding for us. 35 Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword? 36 As it has been written: “For Your sake we face death all the day; we were reckoned as sheep of slaughter.” 37 But in all these things we are more than conquerors through the One having loved us. 38 For I am persuaded that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities, nor things present nor things about to be, nor powers, 39 nor height nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God that [is] in Christ Jesus our Lord.

    John 17:11, 24 11 And I am no longer in the world, and they are themselves in the world, and I am coming to You. Holy Father, keep them in Your name, which You have given to Me, so that they may be one as We [are]. 24 Father, [those] whom You have given to Me, I want that they also may be with Me where I am, so that they may behold My glory that You have given to Me because You loved Me before the foundation of the world.

    Luke 22:32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    Heb. 7:25 wherefore also He is able to save to the uttermost those drawing near to God through Him, always living to intercede for them.

  • John 14:16–17; 1 John 2:27; 1 John 3:9.

    John 14:16–17 16 And I will ask the Father, and He will give you⁺ another Advocate so that He may be with you⁺ to the age— 17 the Spirit of truth, whom the world is not able to receive, because it does not see Him, nor does it know [Him]. But you⁺ know Him, for He abides with you⁺ and will be in you⁺.

    1 John 2:27 And you⁺, the anointing that you⁺ received from Him remains in you⁺, and you⁺ have no need that anyone should teach you⁺. But as the same anointing teaches you⁺ concerning all things and is true and is not a lie, and just as it taught you⁺, remain in Him.

    1 John 3:9 Everyone having been born of God does not do sin, because His seed remains in him, and he is not able to sin, because he has been born of God.

  • Jer. 32:40; Ps. 89:34–37. (See Jer. 31:31–34.)

    Jer. 32:40 And I will make with them a covenant forever, that I will not turn away from them My doing good, and My fear I will put in their hearts, and that they will not turn aside from Me.

    Ps. 89:34–37 34 I will not violate My covenant, and a declaration of My lips I will not change. 35 Once I have sworn by My holiness—I will not lie to David— 36 His seed shall be forever, and his throne like the sun before Me. 37 Like the moon It will be established forever, even [as] the faithful witness in the sky.” Selah

    Jer. 31:31–34 31 Behold, the days are coming, a declaration of YHWH, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, in that they broke My covenant, and I was a husband to them, a declaration of YHWH. 33 “For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel, after those days, a declaration of YHWH: I will give My law in their inward parts, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they will be My people. 34 And they will teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know YHWH; for all of them will know Me, from the least of them and to the greatest of them, a declaration of YHWH. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

  • John 6:38–40; John 10:28; 2 Thess. 3:3; 1 John 2:19.

    John 6:38–40 38 For I have come down from heaven, not so that I may do My will, but the will of the One having sent Me. 39 Now this is the will of the One having sent Me, that all that He has given Me, I should lose none of it, but I will raise it up in the last day. 40 For this is the will of My Father, that everyone beholding the Son and believing in Him may have eternal life, and I will raise him up in the last day.”

    John 10:28 And I give them eternal life, and never shall they perish to the age, and no one will snatch them out of My hand.

    2 Thess. 3:3 But faithful is the Lord, who will strengthen you⁺ and guard [you] from the evil one.

    1 John 2:19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have remained with us. But [it is] so that it might be made manifest that they are not all of us.

  • Ex. 32:21; Jonah 1:3, 10; Ps. 51:14; Matt. 26:70, 72, 74.

    Ex. 32:21 And Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you, that you have brought upon them a great sin?”

    Jonah 1:3, 10 3 And Jonah arose to flee to Tarshish, away from the face of YHWH. And he went down [to] Joppa, and found a ship going [to] Tarshish, and he paid its fare and went down into it to go with them to Tarshish, away from the face of YHWH. 10 And the men feared with great fear, and they said to him: “What [is] this you have done?” For the men knew that he was fleeing away from the face of YHWH, because he had told them.

    Ps. 51:14 Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God, the God of my salvation; my tongue will sing of Your righteousness.

    Matt. 26:70, 72, 74 70 And he denied [it] before all, saying, “I do not know what you say.” 72 And again he denied [it] with an oath: “I do not know the man.” 74 Then he began to curse and to swear, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.

  • 2 Sam. 12:9, 13; Gal. 2:11–14.

    2 Sam. 12:9, 13 9 Why have you despised the commandment of YHWH to do evil in His sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and his wife you have taken [to be] your wife, and him have killed with the sword of the sons of Ammon. 13 And David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against YHWH.” And Nathan said to David, “Even YHWH has put away your sin; you shall not die.

    Gal. 2:11–14 11 But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed [him] to his face because he was standing condemned. 12 For before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the Gentiles. But when they came, he was drawing back and was separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision. 13 And also the rest of the Jews acted hypocritically with him, so that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy. 14 But when I saw that they are not walking in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas before all, “If you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how do you compel the Gentiles to Judaize?”

  • Num. 20:12; 2 Sam. 11:27; Isa. 64:7, 9.

    Num. 20:12 And YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you⁺ did not believe Me, to show My holiness in the eyes of the sons of Israel, therefore you⁺ shall not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.”

    2 Sam. 11:27 And her mourning was over, and David sent and brought her to his house, and she became his wife and bore to him a son. And the thing that David had done was evil in the eyes of YHWH.

    Isa. 64:7, 9 7 And no one is calling on Your name, stirring himself up to take hold of You; for You have hidden Your face from us, and delivered us into the hand of our iniquities. 9 Do not be angry, O YHWH, beyond measure, and do not remember [our] iniquity forever! Behold, please, look; we [are] all Your people!

  • Eph. 4:30.

    Eph. 4:30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you⁺ were sealed for the day of redemption.

  • Ps. 51:8, 10, 12; Rev. 2:4; Matt. 26:75.

    Ps. 51:8, 10, 12 8 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice. 10 Create a clean heart in me, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. 12 Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me [by a] willing spirit.

    Rev. 2:4 But I have against you that you abandoned your first love.

    Matt. 26:75 And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, [He] having said, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And having gone out, he wept bitterly.

  • Isa. 63:17.

    Isa. 63:17 Why do You let us stray O YHWH, from Your ways, [and] harden our hearts from fearing You? Return Your servants for the sake of the tribes of Your inheritance.

  • Ps. 32:3–4; Ps. 51:8.

    Ps. 32:3–4 3 When I remained silent, my bones were worn out by my groaning all the day. 4 For day and night Your hand was heavy upon me; my juice was overturned, [as] in the drought of summer. Selah

    Ps. 51:8 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice.

  • Gen. 12:10–20; 2 Sam. 12:14; Gal. 2:13.

    Gen. 12:10–20 10 And there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine [was] severe in the land. 11 And it came to pass when he was close to entering Egypt, that he said to Sarai his wife, “Behold now, I know that you [are] a woman beautiful in appearance. 12 And it will come to pass when the Egyptians see you, that they will say, ‘This [is] his wife.’ And they will kill me, and you they will let live. 13 Say, please, you [are] my sister, so that it may go well with me for your sake, and my soul may live because of you.” 14 And it came to pass, when Abram entered Egypt, that the Egyptians saw the woman, that she [was] very beautiful. 15 And the princes of Pharaoh saw her, and they commended her to Pharaoh. And the woman was taken into the house of Pharaoh. 16 And Abram he treated well for her sake, and he had for himself sheep, and cattle, and male donkeys, and menservants, and maidservants, and female donkeys, and camels. 17 And YHWH plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of the matter [of] Sarai, wife of Abram. 18 And Pharaoh called to Abram and said, “What [is] this you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she [was] your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She [is] my sister,’ so that I took her to myself as a wife? And now, behold, your wife; take [her] and go!” 20 And Pharaoh commanded [his] men concerning him, and they sent him away, and his wife, and all that he had.

    2 Sam. 12:14 Nevertheless, because you have shown utter contempt for [the word] of YHWH by this deed, also the son born to you will surely die.”

    Gal. 2:13 And also the rest of the Jews acted hypocritically with him, so that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy.

  • Ps. 89:31–32; 1 Cor. 11:32.

    Ps. 89:31–32 31 if they violate My statutes, and do not keep My commandments, 32 then I will attend [to] their transgression with the rod, and [to] their iniquity with stripes.

    1 Cor. 11:32 But being judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we should not be condemned with the world.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 17: Of the Perseverance of the Saints22 shared proof texts · 8 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 7911 shared proof texts · 9 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 19511 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsCanons of Dort · Fifth Head: Rejection of the Errors8 shared proof texts · 8 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 18 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 268 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation

1. Although hypocrites and other unregenerate men may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being in the favor of God, and estate of salvation (which hope of theirs shall perish): yet such as truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in sincerity, endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him, may, in this life, be certainly assured that they are in the state of grace, and may rejoice in the hope of the glory of God, which hope shall never make them ashamed.

2. This certainty is not a bare conjectural and probable persuasion grounded upon a fallible hope; but an infallible assurance of faith founded upon the divine truth of the promises of salvation, the inward evidence of those graces unto which these promises are made, the testimony of the Spirit of adoption witnessing with our spirits that we are the children of God, which Spirit is the earnest of our inheritance, whereby we are sealed to the day of redemption.

3. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to the essence of faith, but that a true believer may wait long, and conflict with many difficulties, before he be partaker of it: yet, being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which are freely given him of God, he may, without extraordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means, attain thereunto. And therefore it is the duty of everyone to give all diligence to make his calling and election sure, that thereby his heart may be enlarged in peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, in love and thankfulness to God, and in strength and cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the proper fruits of this assurance; so far is it from inclining men to looseness.

4. True believers may have the assurance of their salvation divers ways shaken, diminished, and intermitted; as, by negligence in preserving of it, by falling into some special sin which woundeth the conscience and grieveth the Spirit; by some sudden or vehement temptation, by God's withdrawing the light of his countenance, and suffering even such as fear him to walk in darkness and to have no light: yet are they never utterly destitute of that seed of God, and life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that sincerity of heart, and conscience of duty, out of which, by the operation of the Spirit, this assurance may, in due time, be revived; and by the which, in the meantime, they are supported from utter despair.

Scripture proofs
  • Mic. 3:11; Deut. 29:19; John 8:41.

    Mic. 3:11 Her heads give judgment for a bribe, and her priests give instruction for a price, and her prophets practice divination for silver. And on YHWH they lean, and say, “Is not YHWH among us? No harm can come upon us.”

    Deut. 29:19 and it will come to pass in his hearing the words of this oath, that he blesses himself in his heart, saying, ‘I shall have peace, even though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart,’ so that the wet are swept away with the dry.

    John 8:41 You⁺ are doing the works of your⁺ father.” Therefore they said to Him, “We have not been born of sexual immorality. We have one Father—God.”

  • Amos 9:10; Matt. 7:22–23.

    Amos 9:10 By the sword they will die—all the sinful ones of My people, those saying, ‘This evil will not come near or meet with us.’”

    Matt. 7:22–23 22 Many will say to Me in that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and [in] Your name cast out demons, and in Your name do many miracles?’ 23 And then I will profess to them, ‘I never knew you⁺; depart from Me, [you] working lawlessness!’

  • 1 John 5:13; 1 John 2:3; 1 John 3:14, 18–19, 21, 24.

    1 John 5:13 I wrote these things to you⁺, the ones believing in the name of the Son of God, so that you⁺ may know that you⁺ have eternal life.

    1 John 2:3 And by this we know that we have known Him, if we may keep His commandments.

    1 John 3:14, 18–19, 21, 24 14 We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love [our] brothers. The one not loving remains in death. 18 Little children, may we love not in word nor in tongue, but in work and in truth. 19 And in this we will know that we are of the truth, and we will assure our heart before Him, 21 Beloved, if our heart may not condemn [us], we have confidence toward God, 24 And the one keeping His commandments remains in Him, and He in him. And in this we know that He remains in us: by the Spirit whom He gave to us.

  • Rom. 5:2, 5.

    Rom. 5:2, 5 2 through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand; and we boast in hope of the glory of God. 5 And hope does not put [us] to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit, the One having been given to us.

  • Heb. 6:11, 19.

    Heb. 6:11, 19 11 And we desire each of you⁺ to show the same diligence toward the full assurance of the hope until the end, 19 which we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and firm and entering into that within the veil,

  • Heb. 6:17–18.

    Heb. 6:17–18 17 in which God, willing to show more abundantly the unchangeableness of His purpose to the heirs of the promise, guaranteed [it] by an oath, 18 so that by two unchangeable things, in which [it is] impossible [for] God to lie, we may have strong encouragement, having fled for refuge to take hold of the hope being set before [us],

  • 2 Peter 1:4–11; 1 John 2:3; 1 John 3:14; 2 Cor. 1:12.

    2 Peter 1:4–11 4 through which He has given to us the precious and magnificent promises, so that through these you⁺ might become partakers of the divine nature, having escaped from the corruption in the world in evil desire. 5 Now also for this very [reason], having brought in all diligence, supply in your⁺ faith virtue, and in virtue knowledge, 6 and in knowledge self-control, and in self-control perseverance, and in perseverance godliness, 7 and in godliness brotherly affection, and in brotherly affection love. 8 For these things being in you⁺ and abounding make [you] neither idle nor unfruitful in regard to the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. 9 For in whomever these things are not present, he is blind, being shortsighted, having received forgetfulness of the cleansing [from] his former sins. 10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble. 11 For in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be richly supplied to you⁺.

    1 John 2:3 And by this we know that we have known Him, if we may keep His commandments.

    1 John 3:14 We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love [our] brothers. The one not loving remains in death.

    2 Cor. 1:12 For our boasting is this: The testimony of our conscience, that in the simplicity and sincerity of God, and not in fleshly wisdom but in the grace of God, we conducted ourselves in the world and more abundantly toward you⁺.

  • Rom. 8:15–16.

    Rom. 8:15–16 15 For you⁺ did not receive a spirit of slavery again unto fear, but you⁺ received the Spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” 16 The Spirit Himself testifies with our spirit that we are children of God,

  • Eph. 1:13–14; Eph. 4:30; 2 Cor. 1:21–22.

    Eph. 1:13–14 13 in whom you⁺ also, having heard the word of truth, the gospel of your⁺ salvation, in whom also having believed, you⁺ were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, 14 who is the pledge of our inheritance to the redemption of the acquired possession, to the praise of His glory.

    Eph. 4:30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you⁺ were sealed for the day of redemption.

    2 Cor. 1:21–22 21 Now the One establishing us with you⁺ into Christ, and having anointed us, [is] God, 22 the One also having sealed us and having given the pledge of the Spirit in our hearts.

  • 1 John 5:13.

    1 John 5:13 I wrote these things to you⁺, the ones believing in the name of the Son of God, so that you⁺ may know that you⁺ have eternal life.

  • 1 Cor. 2:12; 1 John 4:13; Heb. 6:11–12; Eph. 3:17–18.

    1 Cor. 2:12 Now we did not receive the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who [is] from God, so that we may know the [things] having been graciously given to us by God,

    1 John 4:13 In this we know that we remain in Him and He in us: because from out of His Spirit He has given to us.

    Heb. 6:11–12 11 And we desire each of you⁺ to show the same diligence toward the full assurance of the hope until the end, 12 so that you⁺ may not be sluggish, but imitators of those through faith and patience inheriting the promises.

    Eph. 3:17–18 17 [for] Christ to dwell in your⁺ hearts through faith, having been rooted and having been founded in love, 18 that you⁺ may be fully able, with all the saints, to comprehend what [is] the breadth and length and height and depth,

  • 2 Peter 1:10.

    2 Peter 1:10 Therefore, brothers, be diligent, rather, to make your⁺ calling and election sure. For [in] doing these things, never at any time shall you⁺ stumble.

  • Rom. 5:1–2, 5; Rom. 14:17; Rom. 15:13; Eph. 1:3–4; Ps. 4:6–7; Ps. 119:32.

    Rom. 5:1–2, 5 1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand; and we boast in hope of the glory of God. 5 And hope does not put [us] to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit, the One having been given to us.

    Rom. 14:17 For the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.

    Rom. 15:13 And may the God of hope fill you⁺ with all joy and peace in believing, for you⁺ to abound in hope in the power [of] the Holy Spirit.

    Eph. 1:3–4 3 Blessed [be] the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the One having blessed us with every spiritual blessing in Christ in the heavenly realms, 4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world for us to be holy and blameless before Him, in love

    Ps. 4:6–7 6 Many are saying, “Who will show us good?” Lift upon us the light of Your face, O YHWH. 7 You have put joy in my heart, more than the time when their grain and their new wine have increased.

    Ps. 119:32 The way of Your commandments I will run, for You will enlarge my heart.

  • 1 John 2:1–2; Rom. 6:1–2; Titus 2:11–12, 14; 2 Cor. 7:1; Rom. 8:1, 12; 1 John 3:2–3; Ps. 130:4; 1 John 1:6–7.

    1 John 2:1–2 1 My little children, I am writing these things to you⁺ so that you⁺ might not sin. And if anyone might sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One. 2 And He is the propitiation for our sins, and not only for ours, but also for [those] of the whole world.

    Rom. 6:1–2 1 What then will we say? Shall we continue in sin so that grace may abound? 2 Never may it be! [We] who died to sin, how shall we still live in it?

    Titus 2:11–12, 14 11 For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, 12 instructing us that having denied ungodliness and worldly passions, we should live sound-mindedly and righteously and godlily in the present age, 14 who gave Himself for us that He might redeem us from all lawlessness and might purify to Himself a people specially His, zealous for good works.

    2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore having these promises, beloved, we should cleanse ourselves from every defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.

    Rom. 8:1, 12 1 Therefore [there is] now no condemnation to those in Christ Jesus. 12 So then, brothers, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh.

    1 John 3:2–3 2 Beloved, now we are children of God, and what we will be was not yet made manifest. We know that if He should be made manifest, we will be like Him, for we will see Him just as He is. 3 And everyone having this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure.

    Ps. 130:4 But with You [is] forgiveness, so that You may be feared.

    1 John 1:6–7 6 If we should say that we have fellowship with Him and should walk in the darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth. 7 But if we should walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

  • Ps. 51:8, 12, 14; Eph. 4:30–31; Ps. 77:1–10; Ps. 31:22. (Cf. Matt. 26:69–72 and Luke 22:31–34.)

    Ps. 51:8, 12, 14 8 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice. 12 Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me [by a] willing spirit. 14 Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God, the God of my salvation; my tongue will sing of Your righteousness.

    Eph. 4:30–31 30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you⁺ were sealed for the day of redemption. 31 Let all bitterness and rage and wrath and outcry and slander be removed from you⁺, with all malice.

    Ps. 77:1–10 1 For the one directing. According to Jeduthun. Of Asaph. A Psalm. My voice [is] to God—indeed I cry out [with] my voice to God—and He has given ear to me. 2 In the day of my distress I sought the Lord; my hand in the night has been stretched out, and it does not slacken; my soul refuses to be comforted. 3 I remember God, and I groan; I meditate, and my spirit becomes faint. Selah 4 You hold the lids of my eyes; I am troubled, and I cannot speak. 5 I consider the days of old, the years of ages [past]. 6 I remember, my song in the night; with my heart I converse, and my spirit searches. 7 “Will the Lord forever reject [us], and not anymore will He add to show favor? 8 Has His loving devotion ceased forever? Has [His] speech come to an end to generation and generation? 9 Or has God forgotten to show favor? Has He shut up in anger His compassion?” Selah 10 and I said, “I am grieved. Has it changed—the right hand of the Most High?”

    Ps. 31:22 For I said in my haste, “I am cut off from before Your eyes!” Surely You heard the voice of my supplications, in my crying out to You.

    Matt. 26:69–72 69 And Peter was sitting outside in the court, and one servant girl came to him, saying, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.” 70 And he denied [it] before all, saying, “I do not know what you say.” 71 And having gone out to the gateway, another saw him and says to those there, “This [man] was with Jesus of Nazareth.” 72 And again he denied [it] with an oath: “I do not know the man.”

    Luke 22:31–34 31 Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked for all of you⁺ to sift like wheat. 32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.” 33 And he said to Him, “Lord, I am ready to go with You both to prison and to death.” 34 But He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you shall deny three times knowing Me.”

  • 1 John 3:9; Luke 22:32; Ps. 51:8, 12. (See Ps. 73:15.)

    1 John 3:9 Everyone having been born of God does not do sin, because His seed remains in him, and he is not able to sin, because he has been born of God.

    Luke 22:32 But I begged for you, that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

    Ps. 51:8, 12 8 Make me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice. 12 Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and uphold me [by a] willing spirit.

    Ps. 73:15 If I had said, “I will speak like this,” behold, I would have betrayed the generation of Your sons.

  • Mic. 7:7–9; Jer. 32:40; Isa. 54:7–14; 2 Cor. 4:8–10.

    Mic. 7:7–9 7 And I, for YHWH I will watch, I will wait for the God of my salvation; My God will hear me. 8 Do not rejoice, O my enemy, over me when I fall; I will arise; when I sit in the darkness, YHWH [is be] a light for me. 9 The indignation of YHWH I will bear, because I have sinned against Him, until when He will fight my fight, and execute justice by me; He will bring me forth to the light, [and] I will look on His righteousness.

    Jer. 32:40 And I will make with them a covenant forever, that I will not turn away from them My doing good, and My fear I will put in their hearts, and that they will not turn aside from Me.

    Isa. 54:7–14 7 “For a small moment I have forsaken you, and with great compassion I will gather you; 8 in a flood of wrath I hid My face [for] a moment from you, and with kindness everlasting I will have compassion on you,” says YHWH your Redeemer. 9 “For to Me this [is] the days of Noah, as when I swore to keep from passing the waters of Noah again over the earth—so have I sworn from being be angry with you and from giving rebuke to you. 10 For the mountains may depart and the hills may be shaken, and My loving devotion will not depart from you, and the covenant of My peace will not be shaken [off],” says YHWH, the One having compassion on you. 11 “O afflicted one, tossed with tempest, not comforted! Behold, I am spreading [over] your stones in antimony, and I lay your foundations with sapphires. 12 And I will make your pinnacles of rubies, and your gates of sparkling of stones, and all of your walls of precious stones. 13 And all your sons [will be] taught by YHWH, and great [will be] the peace of your sons. 14 In righteousness you will be established. You will be far away from oppression—for you will not fear, and from terror—for it will not come near to you.

    2 Cor. 4:8–10 8 being pressed in every [way] but not being crushed, being perplexed but not despairing, 9 being persecuted but not being forsaken, being struck down but not being destroyed, 10 always carrying around the death [of] Jesus in the body, so that the life of Jesus also may be revealed in our body.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 18: Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation49 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8125 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8021 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 114 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 17214 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 16: Of Good Works10 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 19: Of the Law of God

1. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which he bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience, promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it, and endued him with power and ability to keep it.

2. This law, after his fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon Mount Sinai, in ten commandments, and written in two tables: the first four commandments containing our duty towards God; and the other six, our duty to man.

3. Beside this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a church under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical ordinances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, his graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits; and partly, holding forth divers instructions of moral duties. All which ceremonial laws are now abrogated, under the new testament.

4. To them also, as a body politic, he gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together with the State of that people; not obliging any other now, further than the general equity thereof may require.

5. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof; and that, not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator, who gave it. Neither doth Christ, in the gospel, any way dissolve, but much strengthen this obligation.

6. Although true believers be not under the law, as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified, or condemned; yet is it of great use to them, as well as to others; in that, as a rule of life informing them of the will of God, and their duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly; discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives; so as, examining themselves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin, together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of his obedience. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in that it forbids sin: and the threatenings of it serve to show what even their sins deserve; and what afflictions, in this life, they may expect for them, although freed from the curse thereof threatened in the law. The promises of it, in like manner, show them God's approbation of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance thereof: although not as due to them by the law as a covenant of works. So as, a man's doing good, and refraining from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and deterreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the law; and, not under grace.

7. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it; the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely, and cheerfully, which the will of God, revealed in the law, requireth to be done.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 1:26–27; Gen. 2:17; Eph. 4:24; Rom. 2:14–15; Rom. 10:5; Rom. 5:12, 19; Gal. 3:10, 12; Eccl. 7:29.

    Gen. 1:26–27 26 And God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the heavens, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every crawling thing that crawls upon the earth.” 27 And God created the man in His image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

    Gen. 2:17 And from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, from it you shall not eat. For in the day of your eating from it, you shall surely die!”

    Eph. 4:24 and to have put on the new man, having been created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

    Rom. 2:14–15 14 For when Gentiles, not having the law, may do by nature the things of the law, these not having a law are a law to themselves, 15 who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also testifying, and the thoughts between one another accusing or also defending [them]

    Rom. 10:5 For Moses writes [of] the righteousness that [is] of the law, that, “The man having done these things will live in them.”

    Rom. 5:12, 19 12 Because of this, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, so also death passed through to all men, because all sinned. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the One the many will be made righteous.

    Gal. 3:10, 12 10 For as many as are of works of the law, they are under a curse, for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone who does not continue in all things having been written in the Book of the Law, to do them.” 12 But the law is not out of faith; rather, “The one having done these things will live in them.”

    Eccl. 7:29 See, this alone I have found: That God made man upright, and they have sought out many schemes.

  • James 1:25; James 2:8, 10–12; Rom. 3:19; Rom. 13:8–9; Deut. 5:32; Deut. 10:4; Ex. 34:1.

    James 1:25 But the one having looked intently into the perfect law, that of freedom, and having continued in [it], not having been a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work—this one will be blessed in his doing.

    James 2:8, 10–12 8 If indeed you⁺ fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you⁺ are doing well. 10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all. 11 For the One having said, “You shall not commit adultery,” also said, “You shall not murder.” But if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so act as being about to be judged by the law of freedom.

    Rom. 3:19 Now we know that as much as the law says, it speaks to those in the law, so that every mouth may be shut, and all the world may be under judgment to God.

    Rom. 13:8–9 8 Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one loving the other has fulfilled the law. 9 For, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,” and if any other commandment, it is summed up in this word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”

    Deut. 5:32 And you⁺ shall take heed to do as YHWH your⁺ God has commanded you⁺; you⁺ shall not turn aside to the right or to the left.

    Deut. 10:4 And He wrote on the tablets, according to the first writing, the Ten Words that YHWH had spoken to you⁺ in the mountain out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly. And YHWH gave them to me.

    Ex. 34:1 And YHWH said to Moses, “Cut for yourself two tablets of stone like the first ones, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you shattered.

  • Ex. 20:3–17; Matt. 22:37–40.

    Ex. 20:3–17 3 You shall have no other gods before My face. 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the waters under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them; for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons on the third and on the fourth for those who hate Me, 6 and showing loving devotion to thousands for those who love Me and for those who keep My commandments. 7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain. 8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it. 9 Six days you shall labor and you shall do all your work, 10 and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, your manservant, and your maidservant, and your livestock, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates. 11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it. 12 Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long upon the land that YHWH your God is giving to you. 13 You shall not murder. 14 You shall not commit adultery. 15 You shall not steal. 16 You shall not answer against your neighbor [as] a false witness. 17 You shall not covet the house of your neighbor; you shall not covet the wife of your neighbor, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”

    Matt. 22:37–40 37 And He said to him, “‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ 38 This is the great and first commandment. 39 And the second [is] like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”

  • Heb. 10:1; Gal. 4:1–3; Col. 2:17; Heb. 9:1–28.

    Heb. 10:1 For the law, having a shadow of the good things about to be, not the image of the things themselves, every year with the same sacrifices that they offer unto perpetuity, never is able to perfect those coming near.

    Gal. 4:1–3 1 Now I say, for as long a time as the heir is a child, he differs nothing from a slave, [though] being lord of all. 2 But he is under guardians and managers until the appointed time of the father. 3 So also we, when we were children, were enslaved under the elements of the world.

    Col. 2:17 which are a shadow the things about to be; but the body [is] of the Christ.

    Heb. 9:1–28 1 Therefore also indeed, the first had ordinances of sacred service and a worldly sanctuary. 2 For a tabernacle was prepared, the first [room] in which [were] both the lampstand and the table, and the loaves of the presentation, which is called “Holy.” 3 Now behind the second veil [was] a tabernacle, being called “Holy of Holies,” 4 having the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant having been covered around in every part with gold, in which [was] the golden jar having the manna, and the staff of Aaron having budded, and the tablets of the covenant. 5 And far above it [were] the cherubim of glory, overshadowing the mercy seat—concerning which it is not now [time] to speak particularly. 6 Now these things having been prepared thus, indeed the priests enter into the first tabernacle at all [times], accomplishing the sacred services, 7 but only the high priest into the second, once in the year, not without blood, which he offers for himself and [for] the sins of ignorance of the people. 8 By this the Holy Spirit [was] making clear [that] the way into the holy [places] had not yet been made manifest, the first tabernacle still having a standing, 9 which [is] a parable for the present time, in which both gifts and sacrifices are offered, not being able to make perfect in regard to conscience the one doing sacred service, 10 [consisting] only in foods and drinks and various washings—ordinances of the flesh being imposed until the time of reformation. 11 But Christ, having come [as] high priest of the good things coming, through the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made by hands, that is, not of this creation, 12 nor by blood of goats and calves, but through [His] own blood, He entered once for all into the holy [places], having obtained eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and of bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the ones having been defiled sanctify [them] for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our conscience from dead works, in order to serve the living God! 15 And because of this, He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions upon the first covenant, those having been called might receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. 16 For where [there is] a covenant, [there is] a necessity to bring forth the death of the one having made [it]. 17 For a covenant [is] firm upon death, since it is not in force at the time when the one having made [it] is living, 18 wherefore neither has the first been inaugurated without blood. 19 For [on] every commandment having been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the law, having taken the blood of calves and of goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, he sprinkled both the scroll itself and all the people, 20 saying, “This [is] the blood of the covenant, which God commanded to you⁺.” 21 And likewise he sprinkled both the tabernacle and all the vessels of the sacred service with blood. 22 And almost all things are purified with blood according to the law, and without blood-shedding there is no forgiveness. 23 Therefore [there was] a necessity indeed [for] the representations of the things in the heavens to be purified with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ entered not into holy [places] made by hands, copies of the true ones, but into heaven itself, now to appear for us in the presence of God, 25 nor that He should offer Himself many times, just as the high priest enters into the holy [places] every year with the blood of another. 26 Otherwise it was necessary for Him to have suffered many times from the foundation of the world. But now He has been revealed once in the consummation of the ages for the putting away of sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And inasmuch as it is apportioned to men to die once, and after this, judgment, 28 so also Christ, having been offered once in order to bear the sins of many, will appear for a second time, apart from sin, to those eagerly awaiting Him for salvation.

  • Lev. 19:9–10, 19, 23, 27; Deut. 24:19–21. (See 1 Cor. 5:7; 2 Cor. 6:17; Jude 23.)

    Lev. 19:9–10, 19, 23, 27 9 And in your⁺ reaping the harvest of your⁺ land, you shall not complete reaping the edge of your field, and the gleanings of your harvest you shall not gather. 10 And your vineyard—you shall not glean, and the fallen grapes of your vineyard you shall not gather. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner. I [am] YHWH your⁺ God. 19 My statutes you⁺ shall keep: Your livestock you shall not cause to breed [with] two kinds; your field you shall not sow [with] two kinds, and a garment of two kinds of mixed material shall not go up upon you. 23 And when you⁺ come into the land, and you plant every [kind] of tree for food, then you⁺ shall regard their fruit uncircumcised. Three years it shall be uncircumcised to you⁺; it shall not be eaten. 27 You⁺ shall not round off the edge of your⁺ head, and you shall not destroy the edge of your beard.

    Deut. 24:19–21 19 When you reap your harvest in your field and have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it. To the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow it shall be, that YHWH your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again. To the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow it shall be. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean after yourself; to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow it shall be.

    1 Cor. 5:7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed,

    2 Cor. 6:17 “Therefore come out from their midst and be separate, says the Lord, and touch no unclean [thing], and I will receive you⁺.”

    Jude 23 on BibleHub ↗

  • Col. 2:14, 16–17; Dan. 9:27; Eph. 2:15–16; Heb. 9:10; Acts 10:9–16; Acts 11:2–10.

    Col. 2:14, 16–17 14 having blotted out the handwriting in the decrees against us, which was adverse to us. And He has taken it out of the midst, having nailed it to the cross. 16 Therefore let no one judge you⁺ in food or in drink or in the part of a feast or of a New Moon or of Sabbaths, 17 which are a shadow the things about to be; but the body [is] of the Christ.

    Dan. 9:27 And he will make strong a covenant with the many for one seven; and in the middle of the seven the sacrifice and offering he will make cease, and on a wing of abominations he shall make [it] desolate, until the consummation that is decreed is poured out on the one bringing desolation.

    Eph. 2:15–16 15 having annulled in His flesh the law of commandments in decrees, so that He might create in Himself the two into one new man, making peace, 16 and [that] He might reconcile both to God in one body through the cross, having put to death the hostility by it.

    Heb. 9:10 [consisting] only in foods and drinks and various washings—ordinances of the flesh being imposed until the time of reformation.

    Acts 10:9–16 9 Now on the next day, [in] their journeying and approaching the city, Peter went up on the housetop about the sixth hour to pray. 10 And he became hungry and desired to eat. But [in] their preparing, a trance fell upon him, 11 and he sees heaven opening and a certain vessel as a great sheet descending, being let down upon the earth by four corners, 12 in which were all the quadrupeds and creeping things of the earth and birds of heaven. 13 And a voice came to him: “Having risen up, Peter, kill and eat!” 14 But Peter said, “In no way, Lord! For never have I eaten anything common or unclean.” 15 And a voice [came] again to him for the second time: “What God has cleansed, you do not call common.” 16 Now this took place for three times, and immediately the vessel was taken up into heaven.

    Acts 11:2–10 2 And when Peter went up to Jerusalem, those of the circumcision began contending with him, 3 saying, “You went to men having uncircumcision and ate with them.” 4 Now Peter, having begun, set [it] forth to them in order, saying, 5 “I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision, a certain vessel like a great sheet descending, being let down out of heaven by four corners, and it came as far as me. 6 Having looked intently on it, I was observing [it], and I saw the quadrupeds of the earth and the wild beasts and the creeping things and the birds of the air. 7 And also I heard a voice saying to me, ‘Having risen up, Peter, kill and eat.’ 8 But I said, ‘In no way, Lord, for never has a common or unclean [thing] entered into my mouth.’ 9 But for a second [time] the voice answered out of heaven, ‘What God has cleansed, you do not call common.’ 10 Now this happened three times, and all was drawn up into heaven again.

  • Ex. 21:1–23:19 (cf. Gen. 49:10 with 1 Peter 2:13–14); 1 Cor. 9:8–10.

    Ex. 21:1–23:19 1 “And these [are] the judgments that you shall set before their faces: 19 The first of the firstfruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of YHWH your God. You shall not boil a young goat in the milk of its mother.

    Gen. 49:10 The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until that he comes to Shiloh; and to him [is] the obedience of the peoples.

    1 Peter 2:13–14 13 Be in subjection to every human creation because of the Lord, whether to the king as being supreme, 14 or to governors as being sent by him for punishment to evildoers and praise to doers of good,

    1 Cor. 9:8–10 8 Do I not speak these things according to man, or does the law not also say these things? 9 For in the law of Moses it has been written: “You shall not muzzle an ox treading out grain.” Is there care for the oxen with God? 10 Or does He speak because of us entirely? For it was written because of us, because in hope the one plowing ought to plow, and the one threshing—in hope to partake.

  • Rom. 13:8–10; Rom. 3:31; Rom. 7:25; 1 Cor. 9:21; Gal. 5:14; Eph. 6:2–3; 1 John 2:3–4, 7. (Cf. Rom. 3:20; Rom. 7:7–8 and 1 John 3:4 with Rom. 6:15.)

    Rom. 13:8–10 8 Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one loving the other has fulfilled the law. 9 For, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,” and if any other commandment, it is summed up in this word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 10 Love works no evil to the neighbor; therefore love [is] the fulfillment of the law.

    Rom. 3:31 Do we, then, nullify the law through faith? Never may it be! Rather, we uphold the law.

    Rom. 7:25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    1 Cor. 9:21 to those without the law, as without the law (not being without the law of God, but within the law of Christ), so that I might gain those without the law.

    Gal. 5:14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, in this: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”

    Eph. 6:2–3 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment with a promise, 3 “that it may be well with you and you will be long-lived upon the earth.”

    1 John 2:3–4, 7 3 And by this we know that we have known Him, if we may keep His commandments. 4 The one saying, “I have known Him,” and not keeping His commandments, he is a liar, and the truth is not in him. 7 Beloved, I am not writing to you⁺ a new commandment, but an old commandment, which you⁺ have had from the beginning. The old commandment is the word that you⁺ heard.

    Rom. 3:20 Therefore by works of the law, not any flesh will be justified before Him; for through the law [is] knowledge of sin.

    Rom. 7:7–8 7 What then will we say? [Is] the law sin? Never may it be! But I did not know sin, if not through the law. For I would not have been conscious of covetousness if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.” 8 But sin, having taken the opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all covetousness; for apart from the law, sin [is] dead.

    1 John 3:4 Everyone who [is] doing sin also does lawlessness; and sin is lawlessness.

    Rom. 6:15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Never may it be!

  • Deut. 6:4–5; Ex. 20:11; Rom. 3:19; James 2:8, 10–11; Matt. 19:4–6; Gen. 17:1.

    Deut. 6:4–5 4 Hear, O Israel: YHWH our God, YHWH [is] One. 5 And you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.

    Ex. 20:11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

    Rom. 3:19 Now we know that as much as the law says, it speaks to those in the law, so that every mouth may be shut, and all the world may be under judgment to God.

    James 2:8, 10–11 8 If indeed you⁺ fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you⁺ are doing well. 10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all. 11 For the One having said, “You shall not commit adultery,” also said, “You shall not murder.” But if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law.

    Matt. 19:4–6 4 And answering, He said, “Did you⁺ not read that the One having created from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ 5 and He said, ‘On account of this a man will leave the father and the mother and be joined with his wife, and the two will be for one flesh’? 6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God yoked together, let man not separate.”

    Gen. 17:1 And Abram was a son of ninety years and nine years, and YHWH appeared to Abram and said to him, “I [am] El-Shaddai; walk before Me and be blameless.

  • Matt. 5:17–19; Rom. 3:31; 1 Cor. 9:21; Luke 16:17–18.

    Matt. 5:17–19 17 Do not suppose that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill. 18 For truly I say to you⁺, until the heaven and the earth should pass away, not even one iota, or one stroke of a letter, shall pass away from the Law, until everything should come to pass. 19 Whoever then may break one of the least of these commandments and may teach men thus, he will be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whoever may do and may teach [them], this one will be called great in the kingdom of the heavens.

    Rom. 3:31 Do we, then, nullify the law through faith? Never may it be! Rather, we uphold the law.

    1 Cor. 9:21 to those without the law, as without the law (not being without the law of God, but within the law of Christ), so that I might gain those without the law.

    Luke 16:17–18 17 But it is easier for the heaven and the earth to pass away than one stroke of a letter of the Law to fall. 18 Everyone sending away his wife and marrying another commits adultery. And the one marrying her sent away from a husband, he commits adultery.

  • Rom. 6:14; Rom. 7:4; Gal. 2:16; Gal. 3:13; Gal. 4:4–5; Acts 13:38–39; Rom. 8:1, 33.

    Rom. 6:14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

    Rom. 7:4 Likewise, my brothers, you⁺ also have been put to death to the law through the body of Christ, for you⁺ to become unto another, unto the One having been raised out from the dead, so that we should bear fruit to God.

    Gal. 2:16 are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ. We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified.

    Gal. 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,”

    Gal. 4:4–5 4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law, 5 that He might redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.

    Acts 13:38–39 38 Therefore be it known to you⁺, men, brothers, that through this One forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you⁺. 39 And in Him everyone believing is justified from all things from which you⁺ were not able to be justified in the law of Moses.

    Rom. 8:1, 33 1 Therefore [there is] now no condemnation to those in Christ Jesus. 33 Who will bring an accusation against the chosen ones of God? God [is] the One justifying.

  • Rom. 7:12, 22, 25; Ps. 119:1–6; 1 Cor. 7:19; Gal. 5:14–23.

    Rom. 7:12, 22, 25 12 So indeed, the law [is] holy, and the commandment [is] holy and righteous and good. 22 For I delight in the law of God according to the inner man, 25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    Ps. 119:1–6 1 Blessed [are] those complete in the way, those walking in the law of YHWH. 2 Blessed [are] those keeping His testimonies; with all the heart they seek Him. 3 Also they do not do injustice; in His ways they walk. 4 You have commanded Your precepts, to be kept diligently. 5 Oh, that my ways were set firm to keep Your statutes! 6 Then I would not be ashamed, in my looking to all Your commandments.

    1 Cor. 7:19 Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, but keeping of the commandments of God.

    Gal. 5:14–23 14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, in this: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 But if you⁺ bite and devour one another, watch out, lest you⁺ might be consumed by one another. 16 Now I say, walk by the Spirit, and you⁺ shall never complete the desire [of] the flesh. 17 For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these are opposed to one another so that the [things] you⁺ may want, these things you⁺ may not do. 18 But if you⁺ are led by the Spirit, you⁺ are not under the law. 19 Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are sexual immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of rage, rivalries, dissensions, factions, 21 envies, drunkennesses, carousings, and things like these, as to which I say to you⁺ beforehand, as also I said before, that those doing such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control. Against such things there is no law.

  • Rom. 7:7, 13; Rom. 3:20.

    Rom. 7:7, 13 7 What then will we say? [Is] the law sin? Never may it be! But I did not know sin, if not through the law. For I would not have been conscious of covetousness if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.” 13 Did that which [is] good, then, become death to me? Never may it be! But so that sin might be shown as sin, it is producing death through that which [is] good to me, so that through the commandment sin might become sinful beyond excess.

    Rom. 3:20 Therefore by works of the law, not any flesh will be justified before Him; for through the law [is] knowledge of sin.

  • James 1:23–25; Rom. 7:9, 14, 24.

    James 1:23–25 23 because if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, this one is like a man observing his natural face in a mirror, 24 for he observed himself and has gone away, and immediately he forgot what kind he was. 25 But the one having looked intently into the perfect law, that of freedom, and having continued in [it], not having been a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work—this one will be blessed in his doing.

    Rom. 7:9, 14, 24 9 And I was once alive apart from the law, but [on] the commandment's having come, sin revived and I died; 14 For we have known that the law is spiritual; but I am fleshly, having been sold as a slave under sin. 24 O wretched man [that] I am! Who will deliver me out of this body of death?

  • Gal. 3:24; Rom. 7:24–25; Rom. 8:3–4.

    Gal. 3:24 so that the law has become our tutor unto Christ, so that we might be justified by faith.

    Rom. 7:24–25 24 O wretched man [that] I am! Who will deliver me out of this body of death? 25 But thanks [be] to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself indeed with the mind serve God’s law, but [with] the flesh the law of sin.

    Rom. 8:3–4 3 For what the law [was] incapable of in that it was weak through the flesh, God, having sent His Son in the likeness of flesh of sin and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh, 4 so that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, those not walking according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.

  • James 2:11–12; Ps. 119:101, 104, 128.

    James 2:11–12 11 For the One having said, “You shall not commit adultery,” also said, “You shall not murder.” But if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so act as being about to be judged by the law of freedom.

    Ps. 119:101, 104, 128 101 From every path of evil I have restrained my feet, that I may keep Your word. 104 From Your precepts I gain understanding; upon thus, I hate every path of deception! 128 Upon thus, all the precepts I have declared wholly right; every path of deception I hate.

  • Ezra 9:13–14; Ps. 89:30–34; Gal. 3:13.

    Ezra 9:13–14 13 And after all that has come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great guilt (since You, our God, you have restrained it to lower than our iniquities and have given us a deliverance like this), 14 should we turn back to break Your commandments and join in marriage with the peoples of these abominations? Would You not be angry with us until You had consumed [us] without remnant or survivor?

    Ps. 89:30–34 30 If his sons should abandon My instruction, and do not walk in My ordinances, 31 if they violate My statutes, and do not keep My commandments, 32 then I will attend [to] their transgression with the rod, and [to] their iniquity with stripes. 33 And I will not break off My loving devotion from him, and I will not be false in My faithfulness. 34 I will not violate My covenant, and a declaration of My lips I will not change.

    Gal. 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,”

  • Ex. 19:5–6; Deut. 5:33; Lev. 18:5; Matt. 19:17; Lev. 26:1–13; 2 Cor. 6:16; Eph. 6:2–3; Ps. 19:11; Ps. 37:11; Matt. 5:5.

    Ex. 19:5–6 5 And now if you⁺ will listen carefully to My voice and keep My covenant, then you⁺ shall be to Me a treasured possession from among all the peoples—for all the earth belongs to Me. 6 And you⁺—you⁺ shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These [are] the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”

    Deut. 5:33 In all the ways that YHWH your⁺ God has commanded you⁺, you⁺ shall walk, so that you⁺ may live, and [that it may be] well with you⁺, and [that] you⁺ may prolong [your] days in the land that you⁺ shall possess.

    Lev. 18:5 And you⁺ shall keep My statutes and My judgments, which the man shall do them, and he shall live by them. I [am] YHWH.

    Matt. 19:17 And He said to him, “Why do you ask Me about the good? One is good. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”

    Lev. 26:1–13 1 “You⁺ shall not make for yourselves idols, and you⁺ shall not rear up for yourselves a graven image or standing image, and you⁺ shall not set up an engraved stone in your⁺ land to bow down to it. For I [am] YHWH your⁺ God. 2 You⁺ shall keep My Sabbaths and you⁺ shall revere My sanctuary. I [am] YHWH. 3 If you⁺ walk in My statutes and and keep My commandments and do them, 4 then I will give to you⁺ rain in its season, and the land shall yield its produce, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit, 5 and your⁺ threshing shall last until the time of vintage, and the vintage shall last until the time of sowing, and you⁺ shall eat your⁺ bread to the full and dwell safely in your⁺ land. 6 And I will give peace in the land, and you⁺ shall lie down, and nothing will make [you] afraid. And evil beasts I will cause to cease from the land, and the sword will not go into your⁺ land. 7 And you⁺ will pursue your⁺ enemies, and they shall fall before you⁺ by the sword. 8 And five of you⁺ shall pursue a hundred, and a hundred of you⁺ shall pursue a myriad, and your⁺ enemies shall fall before you⁺ by the sword. 9 And I will turn to you⁺ and make you fruitful and multiply you⁺, and I will establish My covenant with you⁺. 10 And you⁺ shall eat the old store a long time, and you⁺ will move out the old store because of the new. 11 And I will set My tabernacle in your⁺ midst, and My soul shall not abhor you⁺. 12 And I will walk in your⁺ midst, and I will be unto you⁺ God, and you⁺ will be unto Me for a people. 13 I [am] YHWH your⁺ God, who brought you⁺ out of the land of Egypt, that [you] should not be their slaves. And I have broken the bands of your⁺ yoke and made you walk upright.

    2 Cor. 6:16 And what agreement [has] the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God. As God has said: “I will dwell in them, and I will walk among [them], and I will be their God, and they will be My people.”

    Eph. 6:2–3 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment with a promise, 3 “that it may be well with you and you will be long-lived upon the earth.”

    Ps. 19:11 Indeed, Your servant is warned by them; in keeping them [is] great reward.

    Ps. 37:11 And the meek will inherit the land, and they will delight in the abundance of peace.

    Matt. 5:5 Blessed [are] the meek, because they will inherit the earth.

  • Gal. 2:16; Luke 17:10.

    Gal. 2:16 are knowing now that a man is not justified by works of the law, except through faith from Jesus Christ. We also believed in Christ Jesus, that we may be justified by faith from Christ and not by works of the law, because by works of the law not any flesh will be justified.

    Luke 17:10 Thus also you⁺, when you⁺ may have done all the [things] having been directed you⁺, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have done that which we were obligated to do.’”

  • Rom. 6:12–15; 1 Peter 3:8–12; With Ps. 34:12–16; Heb. 12:28–29.

    Rom. 6:12–15 12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your⁺ mortal body, in order to obey its desires. 13 Neither present your⁺ members to sin [as] instruments of unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as living out from the dead, and your⁺ members to God [as] instruments of righteousness. 14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace. 15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Never may it be!

    1 Peter 3:8–12 8 Now the end: All [be] single-minded, sympathetic, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, humble, 9 not giving back evil for evil or reviling for reviling; but on the contrary blessing, because to this you⁺ were called, so that you⁺ should inherit a blessing. 10 For, “The one wanting to love life and to see good days, let him stop the tongue from evil, and the lips not speak deceit. 11 And let him turn away from evil, and let him do good; let him seek peace and let him pursue it. 12 For the eyes of the Lord [are] on the righteous, and His ears toward their prayer. But the face of the Lord [is] on [those] doing evil.”

    Ps. 34:12–16 12 Who [is] the man desiring life, loving days, that he may see good? 13 Keep your tongue from evil and your lips from speaking deceit. 14 Turn away from evil and do good; seek peace and pursue it. 15 The eyes of YHWH [are] toward the righteous, and His ears are inclined to their cry. 16 The face of YHWH [is] against those doing evil, to cut off from the earth their memory.

    Heb. 12:28–29 28 Therefore, receiving an unshakable kingdom, we may have grace, by which we may serve God well pleasingly, with reverence and awe. 29 “For also, our God [is] a consuming fire.”

  • Rom. 3:31; Gal. 3:21; Titus 2:11–14.

    Rom. 3:31 Do we, then, nullify the law through faith? Never may it be! Rather, we uphold the law.

    Gal. 3:21 [Is] the law, therefore, contrary to the promises of God? Never may it be! For if a law were given being able to make alive, then righteousness indeed would have been from out of the law.

    Titus 2:11–14 11 For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, 12 instructing us that having denied ungodliness and worldly passions, we should live sound-mindedly and righteously and godlily in the present age, 13 awaiting the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, 14 who gave Himself for us that He might redeem us from all lawlessness and might purify to Himself a people specially His, zealous for good works.

  • Ezek. 36:27; Heb. 8:10; With Jer. 31:33; Ps. 119:35, 47; Rom. 7:22.

    Ezek. 36:27 And My Spirit I will put within you⁺, and I will make [it] that you⁺ will walk in My statutes and My ordinances you⁺ will keep and you⁺ will do [them].

    Heb. 8:10 For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord, giving My laws into their mind, and I will inscribe them upon their hearts; and I will be unto them God, and they will be unto Me for a people.

    Jer. 31:33 “For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel, after those days, a declaration of YHWH: I will give My law in their inward parts, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they will be My people.

    Ps. 119:35, 47 35 Cause me to tread in the path of Your commandments, for in it I delight. 47 And I will delight myself in Your commandments, which I have loved.

    Rom. 7:22 For I delight in the law of God according to the inner man,

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 19: Of the Law of God42 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 12: Of the Law of God23 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 9721 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 9215 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 9814 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 9: Of Free Will, and So of Man's Power and Ability10 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Chapter 20: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience

1. The liberty which Christ hath purchased for believers under the gospel consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, the curse of the moral law; and, in their being delivered from this present evil world, bondage to Satan, and dominion of sin; from the evil of afflictions, the sting of death, the victory of the grave, and everlasting damnation; as also, in their free access to God, and their yielding obedience unto him, not out of slavish fear, but a childlike love and willing mind. All which were common also to believers under the law. But, under the new testament, the liberty of Christians is further enlarged, in their freedom from the yoke of the ceremonial law, to which the Jewish church was subjected; and in greater boldness of access to the throne of grace, and in fuller communications of the free Spirit of God, than believers under the law did ordinarily partake of.

2. God alone is Lord of the conscience, and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men, which are, in anything, contrary to his Word; or beside it, if matters of faith, or worship. So that, to believe such doctrines, or to obey such commands, out of conscience, is to betray true liberty of conscience: and the requiring of an implicit faith, and an absolute and blind obedience, is to destroy liberty of conscience, and reason also.

3. They who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, do practice any sin, or cherish any lust, do thereby destroy the end of Christian liberty, which is, that being delivered out of the hands of our enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.

4. And because the powers which God hath ordained, and the liberty which Christ hath purchased, are not intended by God to destroy, but mutually to uphold and preserve one another, they who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, shall oppose any lawful power, or the lawful exercise of it, whether it be civil or ecclesiastical, resist the ordinance of God. And, for their publishing of such opinions, or maintaining of such practices, as are contrary to the light of nature, or to the known principles of Christianity (whether concerning faith, worship, or conversation), or to the power of godliness; or, such erroneous opinions or practices, as either in their own nature, or in the manner of publishing or maintaining them, are destructive to the external peace and order which Christ hath established in the church, they may lawfully be called to account, and proceeded against, by the censures of the church.

Scripture proofs
  • Titus 2:14; 1 Thess. 1:10; Gal. 3:13.

    Titus 2:14 who gave Himself for us that He might redeem us from all lawlessness and might purify to Himself a people specially His, zealous for good works.

    1 Thess. 1:10 and to await His Son from the heavens, whom He raised out from the dead—Jesus, the One delivering us from the coming wrath.

    Gal. 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us—for it has been written: “Cursed [is] everyone hanging on a tree,”

  • Gal. 1:4; Col. 1:13; Acts 26:18; Rom. 6:14.

    Gal. 1:4 the One having given Himself for our sins so that He might rescue us out of the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father,

    Col. 1:13 who delivered us from the authority of darkness and transferred [us] into the kingdom of His beloved Son,

    Acts 26:18 to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, [that] they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those having been sanctified by faith in Me.’

    Rom. 6:14 For sin will not rule over you⁺, for you⁺ are not under law, but under grace.

  • Rom. 8:28; Ps. 119:71; 2 Cor. 4:15–18; 1 Cor. 15:54–57; Rom. 5:9; Rom. 8:1. (See 1 Thess. 1:10.)

    Rom. 8:28 And we know that God works together all things for good to those loving God, to those being called according to purpose,

    Ps. 119:71 [It is] good for me that I was afflicted, so that I might learn Your statutes.

    2 Cor. 4:15–18 15 For all things [are] on account of you⁺, so that the grace having increased on account of more [people] may make abundant the thanksgiving, to the glory of God. 16 Therefore we do not grow fainthearted; but if also our outer man decays, yet our inner one is renewed day and day. 17 For the momentary lightness of our affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory, from supereminence to supereminence, 18 in [our] not looking at the things being seen, but the things not being seen. For the things being seen [are] temporary, but the things not being seen [are] eternal.

    1 Cor. 15:54–57 54 Now when this corruptible shall have put on incorruptibility, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then the word having been written will come to pass: “Death has been swallowed up in victory.” 55 “Where, O death, [is] your victory? Where, O death, [is] your sting?” 56 Now the sting of death [is] sin, and the power of sin [is] the law. 57 But thanks [be] to God, the One giving us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

    Rom. 5:9 Therefore much more, having been justified now by His blood, we will be saved by Him from wrath!

    Rom. 8:1 Therefore [there is] now no condemnation to those in Christ Jesus.

    1 Thess. 1:10 and to await His Son from the heavens, whom He raised out from the dead—Jesus, the One delivering us from the coming wrath.

  • Rom. 5:1–2.

    Rom. 5:1–2 1 Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom also we have access by faith into this grace in which we stand; and we boast in hope of the glory of God.

  • Rom. 8:14–15; Gal. 4:6; 1 John 4:18.

    Rom. 8:14–15 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. 15 For you⁺ did not receive a spirit of slavery again unto fear, but you⁺ received the Spirit of adoption as sons, in whom we cry, “Abba! Father!”

    Gal. 4:6 And because you⁺ are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!”

    1 John 4:18 There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear, because fear has punishment; and the one fearing has not been perfected in love.

  • Gal. 3:8–9, 14; Rom. 4:6–8; 1 Cor. 10:3–4; Heb. 11:1–40.

    Gal. 3:8–9, 14 8 Now the Scripture, having foreseen that God justifies the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel beforehand to Abraham: “All the nations will be blessed in you.” 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

    Rom. 4:6–8 6 just as David also declares the blessedness of the man to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works: 7 “Blessed [are] [those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed [is] the man to whom the Lord shall never reckon sin.”

    1 Cor. 10:3–4 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

    Heb. 11:1–40 1 Now faith is the assurance of [things] hoped for, the conviction of things not being seen. 2 For in this the ancients were well-attested. 3 By faith we understand the ages to have been completed thoroughly by the word of God, in order for that being seen not to have come into being out of the things being visible. 4 By faith Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he was testified to be righteous, God testifying about his gifts; and through it, having died, he still speaks. 5 By faith Enoch was translated not to see death, “and he was not found, because God translated him.” For before the translation, he had been testified to have pleased God. 6 And without faith [it is] impossible to please [Him], for it is necessary for the one coming to God to believe that He is and [that] He becomes a rewarder to those seeking Him out. 7 By faith Noah, having been divinely warned concerning the things not yet being seen, having been moved with fear, prepared an ark for the salvation of his household, through which he condemned the world and became heir of the righeousness according to faith. 8 By faith Abraham, being called to go out into a place that he was about to receive for an inheritance, obeyed and went out, not knowing where he is going. 9 By faith he sojourned in the land of the promise as [in] a foreign [country], having dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob, the co-heirs of the same promise. 10 For he was awaiting the city having foundations, of which the architect and builder [is] God. 11 By faith also Sarah, herself barren, received power for the conception of seed even beyond the opportune age, since she esteemed faithful the One having promised. 12 Therefore also were born from one [man], and these of one having become as dead, as the stars of heaven in multitude, and as the sand by the shore of the sea, countless. 13 These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar, and having welcomed [them], and having confessed that they are strangers and sojourners on the earth. 14 For those saying such things make manifest that they are seeking out a homeland. 15 And indeed if they had been remembering that from which they came out, they would have had opportunity to return. 16 But now they stretch forward to a better one, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed of them, to be called their God; for He prepared a city for them. 17 By faith Abraham, being tested. has offered up Isaac. Even the one having received the promises was offering up [his] only begotten, 18 as to whom it was said, “In Isaac a seed will be called to you,” 19 having reasoned that God [was] able even to raise [him] out from the dead, from where he received him back also in a simile. 20 By faith also Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning the [things] about to be. 21 By faith Jacob, dying, blessed each of the sons of Joseph and worshiped on the top of his staff. 22 By faith Joseph, finishing [life], made mention concerning the exodus of the sons of Israel and gave commands concerning his bones. 23 By faith Moses, having been born, was hidden three months by his parents, because they saw the child [was] beautiful, and they did not fear the edict of the king. 24 By faith Moses, having become grown, refused to be called the son of the daughter of Pharaoh, 25 having chosen to suffer mistreatment with the people of God rather than to have the temporary enjoyment of sin, 26 having esteemed the reproach of Christ greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt; for he was looking to the reward. 27 By faith he left Egypt, not having feared the anger of the king; for as seeing the Invisible One, he persevered. 28 By faith he has kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, so that the one destroying the firstborn should not touch them. 29 By faith they passed through the Red Sea as through dry land, which the Egyptians, having made an attempt, were swallowed up. 30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell, having been encircled for seven days. 31 By faith Rahab the prostitute did not perish with those having disobeyed, having welcomed the spies with peace. 32 And what more shall I say? For the time will fail me recounting fully about Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, also David and Samuel and the prophets, 33 who by faith conquered kingdoms, worked justice, obtained promises, shut the mouths of lions, 34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the mouths of the sword, were made powerful out of weakness, became strong in war, [and] put to flight foreign armies. 35 Women received their dead by resurrection; and others were tortured, not having accepted release, so that they might obtain a better resurrection. 36 And others received the trial of mockings and of scourgings, and even of chains and of imprisonment. 37 They were stoned, they were sawed in two, they died by slaughter of the sword; they wandered in sheepskins, in goatskins, being destitute, being oppressed, being mistreated— 38 of whom the world was not worthy—wandering in deserts and mountains and caves and holes of the earth. 39 And these all, having been testified to through faith, did not receive the promise, 40 God having planned something better for us, so that not apart from us, they should be perfected.

  • Gal. 4:1–7; Gal. 5:1; Acts 15:10–11.

    Gal. 4:1–7 1 Now I say, for as long a time as the heir is a child, he differs nothing from a slave, [though] being lord of all. 2 But he is under guardians and managers until the appointed time of the father. 3 So also we, when we were children, were enslaved under the elements of the world. 4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, having been born of a woman, having been born under the law, 5 that He might redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons. 6 And because you⁺ are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” 7 So you are no longer a slave but a son; and if a son, also an heir through God.

    Gal. 5:1 In freedom Christ set us free. Stand firm, therefore, and do not be entangled again in a yoke of slavery.

    Acts 15:10–11 10 Now, therefore, why are you⁺ testing God, putting upon the neck of the disciples a yoke that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? 11 But we believe to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner [as] they also.”

  • Heb. 4:14–16; Heb. 10:19–22.

    Heb. 4:14–16 14 Therefore, having a great high priest having passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to [our] confession. 15 For we do not have a high priest not being able to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one having been tempted in all things by the same way, without sin. 16 Therefore let us come with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and may find grace for help in time of need.

    Heb. 10:19–22 19 Therefore, brothers, having confidence for entrance to the holy places in the blood of Jesus, 20 by a new and living way, which He inaugurated for us through the veil, that is, His flesh, 21 and [having] a great priest over the house of God, 22 we should come near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, the hearts having been sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and the body having been washed with pure water.

  • John 7:38–39; Acts 2:17–18; 2 Cor. 3:8, 13, 17–18. (See Jer. 31:31–34.)

    John 7:38–39 38 The one believing in Me, as the Scripture said: ‘Out of his belly will flow rivers of living water.’” 39 Now He said this about the Spirit, whom those having believed in Him were about to receive; for the Spirit was not yet, because Jesus was not yet glorified.

    Acts 2:17–18 17 ‘And it will come to pass in the last days, God says, [that] I will pour out from My Spirit upon all flesh, and your⁺ sons and your⁺ daughters will prophesy, and your⁺ young men will see visions, and your⁺ old men will dream dreams. 18 And even on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out from My Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.

    2 Cor. 3:8, 13, 17–18 8 how will the ministry of the Spirit not be more in glory? 13 and not as Moses would put a veil over his face for the sons of Israel not to look intently into the end of what [was] fading away. 17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord [is], freedom [is]. 18 And we all, having been unveiled in face, reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

    Jer. 31:31–34 31 Behold, the days are coming, a declaration of YHWH, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, in that they broke My covenant, and I was a husband to them, a declaration of YHWH. 33 “For this [is] the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel, after those days, a declaration of YHWH: I will give My law in their inward parts, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they will be My people. 34 And they will teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know YHWH; for all of them will know Me, from the least of them and to the greatest of them, a declaration of YHWH. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

  • James 4:12; Rom. 14:4, 10; 1 Cor. 10:29.

    James 4:12 One is the Lawgiver and Judge, the One being able to save and to destroy. But who are you, the one judging the neighbor?

    Rom. 14:4, 10 4 Who are you, judging another’s servant? To [his] own master he stands or falls. And he will be made to stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand. 10 But why do you judge your brother? Or why also do you despise your brother? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God.

    1 Cor. 10:29 and I do not say your own conscience, but that of the other; for why is my freedom judged by another’s conscience?

  • Acts 4:19; Acts 5:29; 1 Cor. 7:22–23; Matt. 15:1–6; Matt. 23:8–10; 2 Cor. 1:24; Matt. 15:9.

    Acts 4:19 But Peter and John, answering, said to them, “Whether it is right before God to listen to you⁺ rather than God, you⁺ must judge.

    Acts 5:29 But Peter and the apostles, answering, said, “It is necessary to obey God rather than men.

    1 Cor. 7:22–23 22 For the one having been called in the Lord [while] a slave is the Lord’s freedman; likewise the one having been called [while] free is a slave of Christ. 23 You⁺ were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men.

    Matt. 15:1–6 1 Then Pharisees and scribes come to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying, 2 “Why do Your disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they shall eat bread.” 3 And answering, He said to them, “Why also do you⁺ transgress the commandment of God because of your⁺ tradition? 4 For God said, ‘Honor [your] father and mother’ and ‘The one speaking evil of father or mother, in death let him end.’ 5 But you⁺ say, ‘Whoever might say to father or mother: Whatever you might be profited by me [is] a gift,’ 6 he shall not honor his father or his mother. And you⁺ made void the word of God because of your⁺ tradition.

    Matt. 23:8–10 8 But you⁺ shall not be called ‘Rabbi,’ for your⁺ Teacher is One, and you⁺ are all brothers. 9 And you⁺ shall call no one your⁺ father on the earth, for One is your⁺ Father who [is] in heaven. 10 Neither shall you⁺ be called instructors, because One is your⁺ Instructor, the Christ.

    2 Cor. 1:24 Not that we lord it over your⁺ faith, but we are fellow workers with you⁺ of joy; for in the faith you⁺ stand firm.

    Matt. 15:9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

  • Col. 2:20–23; Gal. 1:10; Gal. 2:4–5; Gal. 4:9–10; Gal. 5:1.

    Col. 2:20–23 20 If you⁺ died with Christ, away from the elements of the world, why, as if living in the world, are you⁺ subject to decrees: 21 “You should not handle! You should not taste! You should not touch!”— 22 which are all unto decay with the use, according to the precepts and teachings of men, 23 which, having indeed a word of wisdom in self-willed worship and humility and harsh treatment of the body, are not in any value toward the indulgence of the flesh.

    Gal. 1:10 For presently do I appease men, or God? Or do I seek to please men? If I were still pleasing men, I would not be a servant of Christ.

    Gal. 2:4–5 4 even because of the false brothers introduced stealthily, who came in stealthily to spy on our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, so that they will enslave us, 5 to whom we did not yield in submission for even an hour, so that the truth of the gospel might remain with you⁺.

    Gal. 4:9–10 9 But now, having known God, but rather having been known by God, how do you⁺ turn again to the weak and poor elements, to which you⁺ want to be in slavery again anew? 10 You⁺ observe days and months and seasons and years!

    Gal. 5:1 In freedom Christ set us free. Stand firm, therefore, and do not be entangled again in a yoke of slavery.

  • Rom. 10:17; Isa. 8:20; Acts 17:11; John 4:22; Rev. 13:12, 16–17; Jer. 8:9; 1 Peter 3:15.

    Rom. 10:17 So faith [is] by hearing, and hearing [is] through the word of Christ.

    Isa. 8:20 to the law and to the testimony?" If they do not speak this according to the word, [it is] because there is not in them dawn.

    Acts 17:11 Now these, who were more noble than those in Thessalonica, received the word with all readiness, every day examining the Scriptures, if these things were so.

    John 4:22 You⁺ worship what you⁺ do not know; we worship what we know, because salvation is of the Jews.

    Rev. 13:12, 16–17 12 And it exercises all the authority of the first beast in the presence of it, and it causes the earth and those dwelling in it that they will worship the first beast, of whom its fatal wound was healed. 16 And it causes all the small and the great, and the rich and the poor, and the free and the servants, that it should give them a mark on their right hand or on their forehead, 17 and that no one may be able to buy or to sell, except the one having the mark—the name of the beast or the number of its name.

    Jer. 8:9 The wise ones have been put to shame, they are dismayed and captured; behold, they have rejected the word of YHWH—what wisdom [is] unto them?

    1 Peter 3:15 But in your⁺ hearts sanctify Christ [as] Lord, always ready for a defense to everyone who [is] asking you⁺ an account concerning the hope in you⁺, but with meekness and fear,

  • Gal. 5:13; 1 Peter 2:16; 2 Peter 2:19; Rom. 6:15; John 8:34; Luke 1:74–75.

    Gal. 5:13 For you⁺ were called to freedom, brothers, only not the freedom for an opportunity to the flesh. But serve one another through love.

    1 Peter 2:16 as free, and not having the freedom as a cover-up for evil, but as servants of God.

    2 Peter 2:19 promising to them freedom, themselves being slaves of corruption. For by what anyone has been subdued, by that also he is enslaved.

    Rom. 6:15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Never may it be!

    John 8:34 Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you⁺ that everyone who [is] doing sin is a slave of sin.

    Luke 1:74–75 74 having been saved from the hand of [our] enemies, to serve Him without fear 75 in holiness and righteousness before Him all our days.

  • 1 Peter 2:13–14, 16; Rom. 13:1–8; Heb. 13:17; 1 Thess. 5:12–13.

    1 Peter 2:13–14, 16 13 Be in subjection to every human creation because of the Lord, whether to the king as being supreme, 14 or to governors as being sent by him for punishment to evildoers and praise to doers of good, 16 as free, and not having the freedom as a cover-up for evil, but as servants of God.

    Rom. 13:1–8 1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God. 2 Therefore the one setting [himself] against the authority has resisted the ordinance of God, and those having resisted will receive judgment to themselves. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Now do you want not to fear the authority? Do that which [is] good, and you will have praise from him. 4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil. 5 Therefore [it is] necessary to be subject, not only because of wrath, but also because of the conscience. 6 For because of this, you⁺ also pay taxes; for they are ministers of God, attending continually to this very thing. 7 Pay to all their dues: tax to whom tax, revenue to whom revenue, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor. 8 Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one loving the other has fulfilled the law.

    Heb. 13:17 Obey you⁺ those leading and be subject, for they watch over your⁺ souls as [those who] will give an account, so that they may do this with joy and not groaning, for this [is] unprofitable for you⁺.

    1 Thess. 5:12–13 12 But we ask you⁺, brothers, to know those toiling among you⁺ and presiding over you⁺ in the Lord and admonishing you⁺, 13 and to esteem them exceedingly in love because of their work. Be at peace among yourselves.

  • Rom. 1:32; 1 Cor. 5:1, 5, 11–13; 2 John 10–11; 2 Thess. 3:6, 14; 1 Tim. 6:3–4; Titus 1:10–11, 13–14; Titus 3:10; Rom. 16:17; Matt. 18:15–17; 1 Tim. 1:19–20; Rev. 2:2, 14–15, 20.

    Rom. 1:32 who, having known the righteous decree of God that those practicing such things are worthy of death, not only are doing them, but also agree with those practicing [them].

    1 Cor. 5:1, 5, 11–13 1 Sexual immorality is actually heard [of] among you⁺, and sexual immorality such as [is] not even among the nations, so as for one to have the wife of the father. 5 to deliver up such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. 11 But now I wrote to you⁺ not to associate with anyone being named a brother if he may be sexually immoral or a coveter, or an idolater or a reviler, or a drunkard or a swindler—with such a one not even to eat. 12 For what [is it] to me to judge those outside? Do you⁺ not judge those inside? 13 But God judges those outside. “Expel the wicked one from among yourselves.”

    2 Thess. 3:6, 14 6 Now we command you⁺, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to withdraw yourselves from every brother walking in an unruly manner and not according to the tradition that you received from us. 14 And if anyone does not obey our word through the letter, take note of this one not to mix with him, so that he may be ashamed.

    1 Tim. 6:3–4 3 If anyone teaches another doctrine and does not draw near, being sound in the words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching according to godliness, 4 he is puffed up, knowing nothing, but diseased about controversies and fights about words, out of which come envy, strife, slander, evil suspicions,

    Titus 1:10–11, 13–14 10 For there are also many insubordinate ones, empty talkers, and mind-deceivers, especially those of the circumcision, 11 whom it is necessary to silence, who overturn whole households, teaching things [that] it is necessary not [to teach], for the sake of shameful gain. 13 This testimony is true, through which cause you are to rebuke them severely, so that they may be sound in the faith, 14 not giving heed to Jewish myths and commandments of men turning away from the truth.

    Titus 3:10 Reject a divisive man after one and a second admonition,

    Rom. 16:17 Now I exhort you⁺, brothers, to watch out for those causing divisions and obstacles contrary to the teaching that you⁺ learned, and turn away from them.

    Matt. 18:15–17 15 And if your brother may sin against you, go reprove him between you and him alone. If he may hear you, you have gained your brother. 16 But if he may not hear, take with you one or two more, so that ‘every word may be stood upon the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ 17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector.

    1 Tim. 1:19–20 19 having faith and a good conscience, which some having thrust away, made a shipwreck concerning the faith, 20 of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I handed over to Satan so that they should be disciplined not to blaspheme.

    Rev. 2:2, 14–15, 20 2 I know your works and your labor and perseverance, and that you are not able to bear evil ones. And you tested those claiming themselves to be apostles and are not, and you found them false. 14 But I have a few things against you, because you have [some] there holding the teaching of Balaam, who would teach Balak to cast a stumbling block before the sons of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols and to commit sexual immorality. 15 So you also have [some] holding the teaching of the Nicolaitans likewise. 20 But I have against you that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, the one calling herself a prophetess and teaching and leading astray My servants to commit sexual immorality and to eat things sacrificed to idols.

    2 John 10 on BibleHub ↗

    2 John 11 on BibleHub ↗

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 21: Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience30 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 9710 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 12710 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church9 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 218 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 858 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 21: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day

1. The light of nature showeth that there is a God, who hath lordship and sovereignty over all, is good, and doth good unto all, and is therefore to be feared, loved, praised, called upon, trusted in, and served, with all the heart, and with all the soul, and with all the might. But the acceptable way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself, and so limited by his own revealed will, that he may not be worshiped according to the imaginations and devices of men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representation, or any other way not prescribed in the Holy Scripture.

2. Religious worship is to be given to God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and to him alone; not to angels, saints, or any other creature: and, since the fall, not without a Mediator; nor in the mediation of any other but of Christ alone.

3. Prayer, with thanksgiving, being one special part of religious worship, is by God required of all men: and, that it may be accepted, it is to be made in the name of the Son, by the help of his Spirit, according to his will, with understanding, reverence, humility, fervency, faith, love, and perseverance; and, if vocal, in a known tongue.

4. Prayer is to be made for things lawful; and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter: but not for the dead, nor for those of whom it may be known that they have sinned the sin unto death.

5. The reading of the Scriptures with godly fear, the sound preaching and conscionable hearing of the Word, in obedience unto God, with understanding, faith, and reverence, singing of psalms with grace in the heart; as also, the due administration and worthy receiving of the sacraments instituted by Christ, are all parts of the ordinary religious worship of God: beside religious oaths, vows, solemn fastings, and thanksgivings upon special occasions, which are, in their several times and seasons, to be used in an holy and religious manner.

6. Neither prayer, nor any other part of religious worship, is now, under the gospel, either tied unto, or made more acceptable by any place in which it is performed, or towards which it is directed: but God is to be worshiped everywhere, in spirit and truth; as, in private families daily, and in secret, each one by himself; so, more solemnly in the public assemblies, which are not carelessly or willfully to be neglected, or forsaken, when God, by his Word or providence, calleth thereunto.

7. As it is the law of nature, that, in general, a due proportion of time be set apart for the worship of God; so, in his Word, by a positive, moral, and perpetual commandment binding all men in all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in seven, for a Sabbath, to be kept holy unto him: which, from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of the week, which, in Scripture, is called the Lord's Day, and is to be continued to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath.

8. This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, after a due preparing of their hearts, and ordering of their common affairs beforehand, do not only observe an holy rest, all the day, from their own works, words, and thoughts about their worldly employments and recreations, but also are taken up, the whole time, in the public and private exercises of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 1:20; Ps. 19:1–4a; Ps. 50:6; Ps. 97:6; Ps. 145:9–12; Acts 14:17; Ps. 104:1–35; Ps. 86:8–10; Ps. 95:1–6; Ps. 89:5–7; Deut. 6:4–5.

    Rom. 1:20 For from the creation of the world His invisible [qualities], both His eternal power and divinity, are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, for them to be without excuse.

    Ps. 19:1–4 1 For the one directing. A Psalm of David. The heavens are recounting the glory of God, and the firmament is declaring the work of and His hands. 2 Day after day it pours forth speech, and night after night it shows forth knowledge. 3 Without speech and without words, their voice not being heard, 4 their voice has gone out into all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. He has placed a tent in them for the sun,

    Ps. 50:6 And let the heavens declare His righteousness—for God Himself is Judge. Selah

    Ps. 97:6 The heavens declare His righteousness, and all the peoples see His glory.

    Ps. 145:9–12 9 Good [is] YHWH to all, and His mercies [are] upon all His works. 10 O YHWH, all Your works will give You thanks, and Your holy ones will bless You. 11 The glory of Your kingdom they will speak, and Your might they will declare, 12 to make known to the sons of man His mighty [deeds], and the glory of the majesty of His kingdom.

    Acts 14:17 And yet He did not leave Himself without witness, doing good, giving to you⁺ rains from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling your⁺ hearts with food and gladness.”

    Ps. 104:1–35 1 O my soul, bless YHWH! O YHWH my God, You are very great; with honor and majesty You are clothed. 2 Covering Himself [with] light as a garment, stretching out the heavens like a curtain, 3 the One laying the beams in the waters of His upper chambers, the One making the clouds His chariot, the One walking on the wings of the wind, 4 making the winds His messengers, His servants flaming fire. 5 He set the earth upon [its] foundations; it should not be shaken forever and ever. 6 The deep, as [with] a garment You covered it; upon the mountains the waters were standing. 7 From Your rebuke they fled; from the voice of Your thunder they hurried away. 8 Upon the mountains, the valleys sank down, to the place that You established for them. 9 You have set a boundary [that] they may not cross over; they may never return to cover the earth. 10 He sends the springs into the valleys; they flow between the hills. 11 They give drink to every beast of the field; the wild donkeys break their thirst. 12 Nearby them the birds of the heavens are dwelling; from between the branches they give forth a voice. 13 Watering the hills from His upper chambers; with the fruit of Your works the earth is satisfied— 14 causing the grass to sprout for the cattle, and vegetation for the service of man, to bring forth food from the earth, 15 and wine makes glad the heart of man, to make [his] face shine from oil, and bread supports the heart of man. 16 The trees of YHWH are satisfied, the cedars of Lebanon that He planted, 17 where in the birds make their nests; the stork—the cypresses [are] her house. 18 The high mountains [are] for the wild goats; the crags a refuge for the rock badgers. 19 He made the moon for appointed times; the sun knows its entrance. 20 You make darkness, and it becomes night; in it all the living [things] of the forest creep about. 21 The young lions roar for the prey and seek their food from God. 22 The sun rises, they are gathered; and in their dens they stretch out. 23 Man goes out to his work, and to his labor until the evening. 24 How many are Your works, O YHWH! All of them You have made in wisdom; the earth is full of Your creatures. 25 This [is] the sea, great and wide—in it [are] teeming things, and without number, living things small with the great. 26 There the ships go about, [and] Leviathan, which You formed to play in it. 27 All of them look to You, to give their food, in its season. 28 You give to them, [and] they gather in; You open Your hand, [and] they are satisfied [with] good. 29 You hide Your face—they are troubled; You gather their spirit—they die, and to their dust they return. 30 You send forth Your Spirit—they are created, and You renew the face of the earth. 31 May the glory of YHWH be forever; may YHWH rejoice in His works— 32 the One looking on the earth, and it trembles; He touches the mountains, and they smoke. 33 I will sing to YHWH during my life; I will sing praise to my God while I [live]! 34 May my melody be pleasing to Him; I rejoice in YHWH. 35 May the sinful ones be consumed from the earth, and the wicked shall not be anymore! O my soul, bless YHWH! Hallelu YAH!

    Ps. 86:8–10 8 None like You [is] among the gods, O Lord, and not like Your works. 9 All the nations whom You have made shall come and bow down before Your face, O Lord, and they will glorify Your name. 10 For You [are] great, and the One doing wonders; You [are] God—You alone.

    Ps. 95:1–6 1 O come, let us sing out to YHWH; let us shout to the Rock of our salvation! 2 Let us come before His face with thanksgiving, let us shout joyfully with psalms to Him! 3 For a great God [is] YHWH, and the great King above all gods— 4 in whose hand [are] the depths of the earth, and the peaks of the mountains [are] unto Him, 5 [and] to whom [is] the sea, for He made it, and His hands formed the dry land. 6 O come, let us worship and bow down; let us kneel before the face of YHWH our Maker!

    Ps. 89:5–7 5 and the heavens will praise Your wonders, O YHWH, [and] Your faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones. 6 For who in the heavens can be compared to YHWH, likened to YHWH among the sons of the mighty? 7 God is to be feared greatly in the council of the holy ones, and to be revered by all those surrounding Him.

    Deut. 6:4–5 4 Hear, O Israel: YHWH our God, YHWH [is] One. 5 And you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.

  • Deut. 12:32; Matt. 15:9; Acts 17:23–25; Matt. 4:9–10; Deut. 4:15–20; Ex. 20:4–6; John 4:23–24; Col. 2:18–23.

    Deut. 12:32 The whole thing, whatever I command you⁺, be careful to observe it. You shall not add to it, nor take away from it.

    Matt. 15:9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

    Acts 17:23–25 23 For passing through and examining your⁺ objects of worship, I even found an altar on which had been inscribed: TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. Therefore whom you⁺ worship without knowing, this I proclaim to you⁺. 24 The God having made the world and all things that [are] in it, He, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in hand-made temples, 25 nor is He served by hands of men as needing anything—He [who] gives to all life and breath and all things.

    Matt. 4:9–10 9 And he said to Him, “All these things I will give to You if, falling down, You worship me.” 10 Then Jesus says to him, “Go away, Satan! For it has been written: ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.’”

    Deut. 4:15–20 15 And guard greatly your⁺ souls, for you⁺ did not see any form when YHWH spoke to you⁺ at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, 16 lest you⁺ act corruptly and make for yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female— 17 the likeness of any animal that [is] on the earth, or the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the air, 18 the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, or the likeness of any fish that [is] in the water beneath the earth. 19 And lest you lift up your eyes to the heavens and you see the sun and the moon and the stars—all the host of the heavens—and you feel driven to worship them and serve them, which YHWH your God has given as a heritage to all the peoples under the whole heavens. 20 And YHWH has taken you⁺ and brought you⁺ out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be to Him for a people, as an inheritance this day.

    Ex. 20:4–6 4 You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness that [is] in the heavens above, or that [is] in the earth beneath, or that [is] in the waters under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them and you shall not serve them; for I, YHWH your God, [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of fathers on sons on the third and on the fourth for those who hate Me, 6 and showing loving devotion to thousands for those who love Me and for those who keep My commandments.

    John 4:23–24 23 But an hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth; for the Father also seeks such who worship Him. 24 God [is] Spirit, and it is necessary for those worshiping Him to worship in spirit and truth.”

    Col. 2:18–23 18 Let no one disqualify you⁺, delighting in humility and worship of the angels, going into what he has seen, vainly being puffed up by the mind of his flesh, 19 and not holding fast to the head, from whom all the body, being supplied and being knit together by the joints and ligaments, grows with the growth of God. 20 If you⁺ died with Christ, away from the elements of the world, why, as if living in the world, are you⁺ subject to decrees: 21 “You should not handle! You should not taste! You should not touch!”— 22 which are all unto decay with the use, according to the precepts and teachings of men, 23 which, having indeed a word of wisdom in self-willed worship and humility and harsh treatment of the body, are not in any value toward the indulgence of the flesh.

  • John 5:23; Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14; Eph. 3:14; Rev. 5:11–14; Acts 10:25–26.

    John 5:23 so that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. The one not honoring the Son does not honor the Father, the One having sent Him.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    2 Cor. 13:14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit [be] with all of you⁺.

    Eph. 3:14 ... for reason of this, I bow my knees to the Father,

    Rev. 5:11–14 11 And I saw, and I heard the voice of many angels around the throne, and of the living creatures, and of the elders; and their number was myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, 12 saying in a loud voice: “Worthy is the Lamb having been slain to receive the power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and glory and blessing!” 13 And I heard every creature that is in heaven and upon the earth and under the earth and on the sea, and everything in them, saying: “To the One sitting on the throne, and to the Lamb, blessing and honor and glory and might to the ages of the ages!” 14 And the four living creatures kept saying, “Amen.” And the elders fell and worshiped.

    Acts 10:25–26 25 And as Peter was entering, Cornelius, having met him, having fallen at [his] feet, worshiped [him]. 26 But Peter lifted him up, saying, “Rise up, I myself am also a man.”

  • Col. 2:18; Rev. 19:10; Rom. 1:25.

    Col. 2:18 Let no one disqualify you⁺, delighting in humility and worship of the angels, going into what he has seen, vainly being puffed up by the mind of his flesh,

    Rev. 19:10 And I fell before his feet to worship him. And he says to me, “See, no! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers, those having the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

    Rom. 1:25 who changed the truth of God into falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the One having created, who is blessed to the ages! Amen.

  • John 14:6; 1 Tim. 2:5; Eph. 2:18; Col. 3:17.

    John 14:6 Jesus says to him, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father if not through Me.

    1 Tim. 2:5 For [there is] one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

    Eph. 2:18 For through Him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.

    Col. 3:17 And everything, whatever you⁺ may do in word or in work, do all things in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him.

  • Phil. 4:6; 1 Tim. 2:1; Col. 4:2.

    Phil. 4:6 Be anxious about nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your⁺ requests be made known to God.

    1 Tim. 2:1 I exhort, therefore, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, [and] thanksgivings to be made for all men,

    Col. 4:2 Continue steadfastly in prayer, watching in it in thanksgiving,

  • Ps. 65:2; Ps. 67:3; Ps. 96:7–8; Ps. 148:11–13; Isa. 55:6–7.

    Ps. 65:2 O Hearer of prayer, to You all flesh will come.

    Ps. 67:3 May the peoples praise You, O God; may the peoples praise You—all of them.

    Ps. 96:7–8 7 Give to YHWH, O families of the peoples, give to YHWH honor and strength! 8 Give to YHWH the glory [due] His name; lift up an offering and come into His courts!

    Ps. 148:11–13 11 kings of the earth and all peoples, princes and all judges of the earth; 12 young men and also maidens, old with young: 13 Let them praise the name of YHWH, for His name alone is exalted; His splendor above the earth and the heavens!

    Isa. 55:6–7 6 Seek YHWH while He may be found, call upon Him while He is near. 7 Let the wicked one forsake his way, and the man of iniquity his thoughts; and let him return to YHWH, and He will have compassion on him, and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

  • John 14:13–14; 1 Peter 2:5.

    John 14:13–14 13 And whatever you⁺ might ask in My name, this I will do, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 If you⁺ ask Me anything in My name, I will do [it].

    1 Peter 2:5 you yourselves also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house into a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

  • Rom. 8:26; Eph. 6:18.

    Rom. 8:26 Now likewise also, the Spirit joins to help in our weakness; for we do not know the [things] that we should pray for as it is necessary, but the Spirit Himself intercedes with inexpressible groanings.

    Eph. 6:18 through all prayer and supplication, praying in the Spirit in every season and unto this very thing, staying awake with all perseverance and supplication for all the saints,

  • 1 John 5:14.

    1 John 5:14 And this is the confidence that we have toward Him, that if we may ask anything according to His will, He hears us.

  • Ps. 47:7; Eccl. 5:1–2; Heb. 12:28; Gen. 18:27; James 5:16; James 1:6–7; Mark 11:24; Matt. 6:12, 14–15; Col. 4:2; Eph. 6:18.

    Ps. 47:7 For the King of all the earth [is] God—sing praises [with] skill!

    Eccl. 5:1–2 1 Guard your feet when you walk to the house of God; and drawing near to listen [is] above giving the sacrifice of fools, for there are none of them knowing they do evil. 2 Do not be rash with your mouth, and do not let your heart hurry to bring out a word before the face of God; for God [is] in the heavens, and you [are] upon the earth—upon thus, let your words be few.

    Heb. 12:28 Therefore, receiving an unshakable kingdom, we may have grace, by which we may serve God well pleasingly, with reverence and awe.

    Gen. 18:27 And Abraham answered and said, “Behold, please, I have taken it upon myself to speak to the Lord, and I [am] dust and ash.

    James 5:16 Therefore confess the sins to one another and pray for one another, so that you⁺ may be healed. The supplication of a righteous [man] being made effective prevails much.

    James 1:6–7 6 But let him ask in faith, doubting nothing, for the one doubting is like a wave of the sea, being blown and being tossed by the wind. 7 For let that man not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord.

    Mark 11:24 Because of this, I say to you⁺, all things—as many as you⁺ pray and ask—believe that you⁺ receive, and it will be unto you⁺.

    Matt. 6:12, 14–15 12 And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. 14 For if you⁺ forgive men their trespasses, your⁺ heavenly Father will also forgive you⁺. 15 But if you⁺ do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your⁺ Father forgive your⁺ trespasses.

    Col. 4:2 Continue steadfastly in prayer, watching in it in thanksgiving,

    Eph. 6:18 through all prayer and supplication, praying in the Spirit in every season and unto this very thing, staying awake with all perseverance and supplication for all the saints,

  • 1 Cor. 14:14.

    1 Cor. 14:14 For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful.

  • 1 John 5:14, 16; John 15:7.

    1 John 5:14, 16 14 And this is the confidence that we have toward Him, that if we may ask anything according to His will, He hears us. 16 If anyone should see his brother sinning a sin not unto death, he shall ask, and He will give to him life—to those sinning not unto death. There is a sin unto death; I do not say that he should implore concerning that.

    John 15:7 If you⁺ remain in Me and My words remain in you⁺, you⁺ shall ask whatever you⁺ wish, and to you⁺ it will come to pass.

  • 1 Tim. 2:1–2; John 17:20; 2 Sam. 7:29; 2 Chron. 6:14–42.

    1 Tim. 2:1–2 1 I exhort, therefore, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, [and] thanksgivings to be made for all men, 2 for kings and all those being in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity.

    John 17:20 But I do not ask for these only, but also for those believing in Me through their word,

    2 Sam. 7:29 And now begin and bless the house of Your servant, that it may continue forever before You. For You, O Lord YHWH, have spoken [it], and with Your blessing let the house of Your servant be blessed forever.”

    2 Chron. 6:14–42 14 and he said: “O YHWH, God of Israel, [there is] not a god like You in the heavens or on the earth, who keeps the covenant of loving devotion with Your servants walking before You with all their heart, 15 who has kept for Your servant David my father what You spoke to him. You have spoken with Your mouth and with Your hand you have fulfilled [it], as this day. 16 And now, O YHWH, God of Israel, keep for Your servant David my father what You spoke to him, saying, ‘You shall not fail to have a man before Me, to sit on the throne of Israel, only if your sons take heed to their way, to walk in My law, as you have walked before My face.’ 17 And, O YHWH, God of Israel, confirm Your word that You have spoken to Your servant David. 18 But will God indeed dwell with men on the earth? Behold, the heavens, and the heavens of the heavens cannot contain You. How much less this house that I have built! 19 And You have turned toward the prayer of Your servant and his supplication, O YHWH my God, to listen to the cry and the prayer that Your servant is praying before You. 20 For may Your eyes be open toward this house day and night, toward the place where You have said to put Your name, that You may listen to the prayer that Your servant prays toward this place. 21 And may You listen to the supplications of Your servant and of Your people Israel when they pray toward this place, and may You hear from Your dwelling place, the heavens, and may You hear and forgive. 22 If anyone sins against his neighbor, and it is lifted up upon him to take an oath to swear, and he comes in to swear before Your altar in this house, 23 then may You hear from the heavens and act and judge Your servants, to give back to the wicked by bringing his way on his own head, and to justify the righteous by giving to him according to his righteousness. 24 And if Your people Israel are struck before an enemy because they have sinned against You, and they return and confess Your name, and they pray and make supplication before You in this house, 25 then may You hear from the heavens and forgive the sin of Your people Israel, and bring them back to the land that You gave to them and to their fathers. 26 When the heavens are shut up and there is no rain because they have sinned against You, and they pray toward this place and confess Your name, and from their sin they turn back because You afflict them, 27 then may You hear [in] the heavens and forgive the sin of Your servants and of Your people Israel, that You may direct them toward the good way that they should walk in it, and give rain on Your land that You have given to Your people as an inheritance. 28 Famine, when it is in the land, or there is pestilence, blight or mildew, locust or grasshoppers, when it is that their enemies besiege them in their land—its gates—any plague and any sickness, 29 any prayer, any supplication that is by any man, or by all Your people Israel, when they know, each one, his own burden and his own grief, and he spreads out his hands to this house, 30 then may You hear from the heavens, the fixed place of Your dwelling, and forgive, and give to each man according to all his ways (since You know his heart, for You alone know the heart of the sons of men), 31 that they may fear You to walk in Your ways all the days that they live on the face of the ground that You have given to our fathers. 32 And also concerning the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel, and he comes from a distant country for the sake of Your great name, and Your mighty hand, and Your outstretched arm, and they come and pray in this house, 33 then may You hear from the heavens, the fixed place of Your dwelling, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You, so that all the peoples of the earth may know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, that they may know that Your name is called upon this house that I have built. 34 When Your people go out to battle against their enemies in the way that You send them, and they pray to You toward this city that You have chosen and the house that I have built for Your name, 35 then may You hear from the heavens their prayer and their supplication, and may You maintain their cause. 36 When they sin against You—for [there is] no one who does not sin—and You become angry with them and deliver them to the enemy, and their captors take them captive to a land distant or near, 37 and they come to themselves in the land where they were carried captive there, and they turn and make supplication to You in the land of their captivity, saying, ‘We have sinned, we have done wrong, and have committed wickedness,’ 38 and they return to You with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their captivity where they have been carried captive, and they pray toward their land that You gave to their fathers, and the city that You have chosen, and toward the house that I have built for Your name, 39 then may You hear from the heavens, the fixed place of Your dwelling, their prayer and their supplications, and may You maintain their cause and forgive Your people who have sinned against You. 40 Now, my God, please, let Your eyes be open and Your ears attentive to the prayer in this place. 41 And now arise, O YHWH God, to Your resting place, You and the ark of Your strength. Let Your priests, O YHWH God, be clothed with salvation, and let Your holy ones rejoice in the goodness. 42 O YHWH God, do not turn away the face of Your anointed. Remember the loving devotion to David Your servant.”

  • Luke 16:25–26; Isa. 57:1–2; Ps. 73:24; 2 Cor. 5:8, 10; Phil. 1:21–24; Rev. 14:13.

    Luke 16:25–26 25 But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that you fully received your good [things] in your life, and Lazarus likewise the evil [things]. But now he is comforted here, and you are suffering. 26 And besides all these things, a great chasm has been fixed between us and you⁺, so that those desiring to go over from here to you⁺ are not able, nor may they cross over from there to us.’

    Isa. 57:1–2 1 The righteous one has perished, and no man takes [it] upon the heart; and men of devotion are gathered up, [and] no one considers that the righteous one is gathered up from the face of evil. 2 He enters into peace; they rest in their beds, [each] walking [in] his uprightness.

    Ps. 73:24 May You lead me with Your counsel, and afterward You will receive me [in] glory!

    2 Cor. 5:8, 10 8 Now we are confident and we are well pleased rather to be away, out of the body, and to be at home with the Lord. 10 For it is necessary for us all to appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each may receive back the things [done] through the body according to what he did, whether good or evil.

    Phil. 1:21–24 21 For to me, to live [is] Christ and to die [is] gain. 22 But if [I am] to live in flesh, this for me [is] the fruit of work; and what will I choose? I do not know. 23 But I am pressed by the two, having the desire to depart and to be with Christ, for [it is] very much better, 24 but to remain in the flesh [is] more necessary on account of you⁺.

    Rev. 14:13 And I heard a voice out of heaven saying, “Write, ‘Blessed [are] the dead who are dying in the Lord from now on.’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “so that they will rest from their labors; for their works follow with them.”

  • 1 John 5:16.

    1 John 5:16 If anyone should see his brother sinning a sin not unto death, he shall ask, and He will give to him life—to those sinning not unto death. There is a sin unto death; I do not say that he should implore concerning that.

  • Luke 4:16–17; Acts 15:21; Col. 4:16; 1 Thess. 5:27; Rev. 1:3.

    Luke 4:16–17 16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and according to His custom, He entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbaths, and He rose up to read. 17 And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to Him, and having unrolled the scroll, He found the place where it was written:

    Acts 15:21 For Moses has ones proclaiming him in every city from generations of old, being read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”

    Col. 4:16 And when the letter may be read among you⁺, cause that it may be read also in the church of the Laodiceans, and that you⁺ also may read the one from Laodicea.

    1 Thess. 5:27 I adjure you⁺ [by] the Lord [for] the letter to be read to all the brothers.

    Rev. 1:3 Blessed [is] the one reading and those hearing the words of the prophecy and keeping the things written in it; for the time [is] near.

  • 2 Tim. 4:2; Acts 5:42.

    2 Tim. 4:2 Preach the word; be ready in season [and] out of season; convict, rebuke, exhort, in all patience and teaching.

    Acts 5:42 And every day, in the temple and in the house, they did not cease teaching and proclaiming the good news [that] Jesus [is] the Christ.

  • James 1:22; Acts 10:33; Matt. 13:19; Heb. 4:2; Isa. 66:2.

    James 1:22 But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding yourselves,

    Acts 10:33 Therefore I sent to you at once, and you did well, having come. Now, therefore, we are all present before God to hear all the things having been commanded you by the Lord.”

    Matt. 13:19 Everyone hearing the word of the kingdom and not understanding, the evil one comes and snatches away that having been sown in his heart. This is the one having been sown along the path.

    Heb. 4:2 For also we are [those] having had the gospel proclaimed, even as also those; but the word of [their] hearing did not profit those not having been united with the faith of those having heard.

    Isa. 66:2 And all these [things] My own hand has made, and all these [things] have come to be!” a declaration of YHWH. “And to this one I will look: To the poor and stricken one in spirit, and [who] trembles at My word.

  • Col. 3:16; Eph. 5:19; James 5:13; 1 Cor. 14:15.

    Col. 3:16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you⁺ richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing each other in psalms, hymns, [and] spiritual songs, in grace singing in your⁺ hearts to God.

    Eph. 5:19 speaking to each other in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your⁺ heart to the Lord,

    James 5:13 Is anyone among you⁺ suffering evil? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praises.

    1 Cor. 14:15 What then is it? I will pray with the spirit, but I will also pray with the mind. I will sing praise with the spirit, but I will also sing praise with the mind.

  • Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:23–29; Acts 2:42.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Cor. 11:23–29 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.

    Acts 2:42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

  • Deut. 6:13; Neh. 10:29; 2 Cor. 1:23.

    Deut. 6:13 YHWH your God you shall fear, and Him you shall serve, and by His name you shall swear.

    Neh. 10:29 taking hold upon their brothers, their nobles, and entering into a curse and into an oath to walk in the law of God that was given by the hand of Moses the servant of God, and to keep and to do all the commandments of YHWH, our Lord, and His ordinances and His statutes,

    2 Cor. 1:23 But I call God as witness upon my soul, that sparing you⁺ I did not yet come to Corinth.

  • Ps. 116:14; Isa. 19:21; Eccl. 5:4–5.

    Ps. 116:14 I will fulfill My vows to YHWH now in front of all His people.

    Isa. 19:21 And YHWH will make Himself known to Egypt, and Egypt will acknowledge YHWH [on] that day, and they will prepare sacrifice and offering, and they will vow a vow to YHWH and fulfill [it].

    Eccl. 5:4–5 4 When you vow a vow to God, you should not delay to fulfill it, for [there is] no delight in fools. What you have vowed, you must fulfill. 5 Better that you did not vow, than that you vow and not fulfill [it].

  • Joel 2:12; Est. 4:16; Matt. 9:15; Acts 14:23.

    Joel 2:12 “Even now,” a declaration of YHWH, “May you turn to Me with all your⁺ heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning.”

    Est. 4:16 “Go, gather all the Jews who are found in Susa, and fast over me, and you⁺ shall not eat and you⁺ shall not drink [for] three days, night and day. Also I and my young women will fast likewise, and with this I will go to the king, which [is] not according to the law. And if I perish, I perish!”

    Matt. 9:15 And Jesus said to them, “Are the sons of the bridechamber able to mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them? But days will come when the bridegroom shall have been taken away from them, and then they will fast.

    Acts 14:23 And having appointed elders for them in every church, having prayed, with fasting they committed them to the Lord, in whom they had believed.

  • Ex. 15:1–21; Ps. 107:1–43; Neh. 12:27–43; Est. 9:20–22.

    Ex. 15:1–21 1 Then Moses sang—and the sons of Israel—this song to YHWH, and they spoke, saying: “I will sing to YHWH, for He has greatly triumphed; the horse and its rider He has thrown into the sea. 2 My strength and song [is] YAH, and He has become my salvation. This [is] my God, and I will praise Him, God of My father, and I will exalt Him. 3 YHWH [is] a man of war; YHWH [is] His name. 4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his army He has cast into the sea, and the choice of his captains are sunk in the Red Sea. 5 The depths cover them; they went down into the depths like a stone. 6 Your right hand, O YHWH, is glorious in power. Your right hand, O YHWH, shatters the enemy. 7 And in the greatness of Your excellence You overthrow those rising against You. You send forth Your burning anger; it consumes them like stubble. 8 And by the breath of Your nostrils the waters were gathered together; the flowing waters stood upright like a heap; the depths congealed in the heart of the sea. 9 The enemy said, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my soul shall be filled with them. I will draw my sword; my hand shall destroy them.’ 10 You blew with Your breath; the sea covered them; they sank like lead in mighty waters. 11 Who [is] like You among the gods, O YHWH? Who [is] like You, majestic in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? 12 You stretched out Your right hand; the earth swallowed them. 13 You have led forth in Your loving devotion the people whom You have redeemed; You have guided [them] in Your strength to Your holy habitation. 14 Peoples heard; they are troubled. Anguish seized those dwelling in Philistia. 15 Then the chiefs of Edom were dismayed; the mighty men of Moab; trembling seized them; all those dwelling in Canaan melted away. 16 Fear and dread will fall on them; by the greatness of Your arm they will be [as] still as a stone, until Your people pass over, O YHWH, until the people whom You have purchased pass over. 17 You will bring them in and plant them in the mountain of Your inheritance—the place for Your own dwelling, [which] You have made, O YHWH, the sanctuary, O Lord, [that] Your hands have established. 18 YHWH shall reign forever and ever.” 19 For the horses of Pharaoh went in, with his chariots and with his horsemen, into the sea, and YHWH brought back upon them the waters of the sea, and the sons of Israel walked on the dry land in the midst of the sea. 20 And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took the timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. 21 And Miriam answered them, “Sing to YHWH, for He has greatly triumphed; the horse and its rider He has thrown into the sea.”

    Ps. 107:1–43 1 Give thanks to YHWH, for [He is] good, for His loving devotion [is] forever! 2 Let the redeemed of YHWH say, whom He has redeemed from the hand of the enemy, 3 and from the lands He has gathered them—from the east and from the west, from the north and from the sea. 4 They wandered in the wilderness, by the way in a desert; a city for of dwelling they did not find. 5 Hungry and thirsty, their soul in them grew faint. 6 And they cried out to YHWH in the distress for them; from their straits He delivered them. 7 And He made them tread on a straight path, to walk toward a city of dwelling. 8 Let them give thanks to YHWH for His loving devotion, and His wonders to the sons of man! 9 For He satisfies the rushing soul, and the hungry soul He fills with goodness. 10 They are sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death, prisoners in affliction and irons, 11 because they rebelled against the words of God, and they despised the counsel of the Most High, 12 and He humbled with labor their heart; they fell down, and no one was helping. 13 And they cried out to YHWH in the distress for them, [and] from their straits He saved them. 14 He brought them forth from darkness and the shadow of death, and their bonds He broke away. 15 Let them give thanks to the LORD for His loving devotion, and His wonders to the sons of man! 16 For He has broken down doors of bronze, and He has cut through bars of iron! 17 Fools from the path of their transgression, and by their iniquities they were afflicted. 18 All food their soul abhorred, and they drew near to the gates of death. 19 And they cried out to YHWH in the distress for them, [and] from their straits He saved them. 20 He sent His word and healed them, and He rescued them from the Pit. 21 Let them give thanks to the LORD for His loving devotion, and His wonders to the sons of man! 22 And let them sacrifice sacrifices of thanksgiving, and recount His works with rejoicing! 23 Those going down to the sea in ships, doing business on the great waters, 24 they have seen the works of YHWH, and His wonders in the deep. 25 And He spoke and stationed the wind, a tempest, and it lifted high the waves; 26 they went up [to] the heavens, they went down [to] the depths; their soul melted in evil. 27 They reel and stagger like the drunkard, and all their wisdom is swallowed up. 28 And they cried out to YHWH in the distress for them, and from their straits He brought them out. 29 He stilled the tempest to a whisper, and the waves of the sea were hushed. 30 And they rejoiced because they grew quiet, and He guided them to the haven of their desire. 31 Let them give thanks to the LORD for His loving devotion and His wonders to the sons of man! 32 And let them exalt Him in the assembly of the people, and in the seat of the elders praise Him! 33 He turns rivers into a wilderness, and outpourings of waters into thirsty ground, 34 a land of fruit into salty ground, from the wickedness of those dwelling in it. 35 He turns the desert into pools of water, and a land of dryness into springs of waters. 36 And the hungry He makes to dwell there, that they may establish a city for a dwelling place. 37 And there they sow fields and plant vineyards, that they may yield the fruit of produce. 38 And He blesses them and they multiply exceedingly, and their cattle He does not let diminish. 39 When they are diminished and brought low from oppression, evil, and sorrow, 40 He pours out contempt on nobles, and causes them to wander in a wasteland without a path. 41 And He sets on high [for] the needy from affliction, and He places families as a flock. 42 Let the upright see and rejoice, and may all iniquity shut its mouth. 43 And [him] who [is] wise, let him attend to these things, and they will consider the loving devotion of YHWH.

    Neh. 12:27–43 27 And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought out the Levites from all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem to make the dedication [with] gladness, and with praises, and with singing, [with] cymbals, harps, and with lyres. 28 And the sons of the singers gathered together from the circuit around Jerusalem, and from the villages of the Netophathite, 29 and from Beth-gilgal, and from the fields of Geba and Azmaveth, for the singers had built villages for themselves around Jerusalem. 30 And the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and they purified the people, and the gates, and the wall. 31 [Then] I brought up the leaders of Judah upon the wall, and I made stand two great thanksgiving groups, and one went to the south upon the wall toward the Gate of the Dunghill. 32 And after them went Hoshaiah and half of the leaders of Judah, 33 and Azariah, Ezra, and Meshullam, 34 Judah, and Benjamin, and Shemaiah, and Jeremiah, 35 and [some] from the sons of the priests with the trumpets, Zechariah son of Jonathan, son of Shemaiah, son of Mattaniah, son of Micaiah, son of Zaccur, son of Asaph, 36 and his brothers—Shemaiah, and Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, and Judah, Hanani—with instruments of song of David the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them. 37 And at the Gate of the Fountain and in front of them they went up on the stairs of the City of David, on the ascent to the wall, up above the house of David, and up to the Gate of the Water eastward. 38 And the second thanksgiving group was proceeding opposite, and I [was] behind it, and half of the people on the wall above the Tower of the Ovens and up to the Broad Wall. 39 And above the Gate of Ephraim, and above the Gate of Jeshanah, and above the Gate of the Fish, and the Tower of Hananel, and the Tower of the Hundred, and up to the Gate of the Sheep, and they stood by the Gate of the Guard. 40 And the two thanksgiving groups stood in the house of God, and I, and half of the officials with me, 41 and the priests—Eliakim, Maaseiah, Minjamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, Hananiah—with the trumpets; 42 and Maaseiah, and Shemaiah, and Eleazar, and Uzzi, and Jehohanan, and Malchijah, and Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang out, and Jezrahiah [was] the overseer. 43 And they sacrificed on that day great sacrifices, and they rejoiced, for God had made them rejoice with great joy. And also the women and the sons rejoiced, and the joy of Jerusalem was heard from afar.

    Est. 9:20–22 20 And Mordecai wrote these words, and he sent letters to all the Jews who [were] in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, those near and those far away, 21 to establish for them to be keeping the four [and] tenth day [of] the month of Adar, and the five [and] tenth day of it, in every year and year, 22 as the days on which the Jews had rest on them from their enemies, and the month that was turned for them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning to a good day, to make them days of feasting and joy, and [for] sending portions, each man to his neighbor, and gifts to the needy.

  • Heb. 12:28.

    Heb. 12:28 Therefore, receiving an unshakable kingdom, we may have grace, by which we may serve God well pleasingly, with reverence and awe.

  • John 4:21.

    John 4:21 Jesus says to her, “Believe Me, woman, that an hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you⁺ worship the Father.

  • Mal. 1:11; 1 Tim. 2:8.

    Mal. 1:11 For from the rising of the sun to its going down, great [is] My name among the nations; in every place incense shall be offered to My name, and a pure offering. Indeed, My name will be great among the nations.” Says YHWH of Hosts.

    1 Tim. 2:8 Therefore I want the men in every place to pray, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and dissension.

  • John 4:23–24.

    John 4:23–24 23 But an hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth; for the Father also seeks such who worship Him. 24 God [is] Spirit, and it is necessary for those worshiping Him to worship in spirit and truth.”

  • Jer. 10:25; Deut. 6:6–7; Job 1:5; 2 Sam. 6:18, 20.

    Jer. 10:25 Pour out Your fury on the nations who do not know You, and on the families who do not call on Your name; for they have eaten up Jacob, and have devoured him and consumed him, and have made his habitation desolate!

    Deut. 6:6–7 6 And these words that I am commanding you today shall be upon your heart. 7 And you shall teach them diligently to your children and talk of them in your sitting in your house and in your walking by the way and in your lying down and in your getting up.

    Job 1:5 And it came to pass that the days of the feasting had gone around, and Job would send and would sanctify them, and he would rise early in the morning and offer up burnt offerings, the number of them all, for Job said, “Perhaps my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” Thus Job did all the days.

    2 Sam. 6:18, 20 18 And David had finished offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, and he blessed the people in the name of YHWH of hosts. 20 And David returned to bless his house. And Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, “How honored today was the king of Israel, who has uncovered himself today in the eyes of the maidservants of his servants, as one of the vain ones is openly uncovered.”

  • Matt. 6:11. (See Job 1:5.)

    Matt. 6:11 Give us today our necessary bread.

    Job 1:5 And it came to pass that the days of the feasting had gone around, and Job would send and would sanctify them, and he would rise early in the morning and offer up burnt offerings, the number of them all, for Job said, “Perhaps my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” Thus Job did all the days.

  • Matt. 6:6, 16–18; Neh. 1:4–11; Dan. 9:3–4a.

    Matt. 6:6, 16–18 6 But you, when you may pray, enter into your inner room, and having shut your door, pray to your Father, the One in secret. And your Father, the One seeing in secret, will reward to you. 16 And when you⁺ may fast, do not be as the hypocrites, gloomy-faced; for they disfigure their faces so that they might appear to men [as] fasting. Truly I say to you⁺, they have their reward in full. 17 But you, fasting, anoint your head and wash your face, 18 so that you might not appear to men [as] fasting, but to your Father, the One in secret. And your Father, the One seeing in secret, will reward you.

    Neh. 1:4–11 4 And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept and mourned [for] days, and I was fasting and praying before the face of the God of the heavens, 5 and I said, “Please, O YHWH, God of the heavens, the great and awesome God, keeping the covenant and loving devotion for those loving Him and observing His commandments, 6 please let Your ear be attentive, and Your eyes be open, that You may listen to the prayer of Your servant, which I pray before You now, day and night, for the sons of Israel Your servants. And confessing on account of the sins of the sons of Israel, which we have sinned against You, both I and the house of my father have sinned. 7 We have acted very corruptly against You, and we have not kept the commandments, and the statutes, and the ordinances that You commanded Moses Your servant. 8 Remember, please, the word that You commanded Moses Your servant, saying, ‘You⁺ are unfaithful—I will scatter you⁺ among the nations; 9 and [if] you⁺ return to Me and keep My commandments and do them, though your⁺ outcast were in the end of the heavens, from there I will gather them and bring them to the place that I have chosen as a dwelling for My name there.’ 10 And they [are] Your servants and Your people, whom You have redeemed by Your great power and by Your mighty hand. 11 Please, O Lord, please let Your ear be attentive to the prayer of Your servant and to the prayer of Your servants who desire to fear Your name, and let prosper, please, Your servant this day, and grant him mercy in the eyes of this man.” (For I was cupbearer to the king.)

    Dan. 9:3–4 3 And I set my face toward the Lord God to seek [by] prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes. 4 And I prayed to YHWH my God, and I made confession and said: “O Lord God, the great and fearsome One, the One keeping the covenant and the loving devotion to those loving Him and those keeping His commandments.

  • Isa. 56:6–7; Heb. 10:25; Ps. 100:4; Ps. 122:1; Ps. 84:1–12; Luke 4:16; Acts 13:42, 44; Acts 2:42.

    Isa. 56:6–7 6 And the sons of the foreigner who join themselves to YHWH to serve Him and to love the name of YHWH, to be His servants, all keeping the Sabbath from being profaned and holding firmly to My covenant, 7 even them I will bring to My holy mountain, and I will make them joyful in My house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices will be accepted on My altar; for My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations.”

    Heb. 10:25 not forsaking the assembling together of ourselves, as [is] the custom with some, but exhorting, and so much more as you⁺ see the Day drawing near.

    Ps. 100:4 Enter His gates with thanksgiving, His courts with praise; give thanks to Him; bless His name!

    Ps. 122:1 A Song of the Ascents. Of David. I was glad at the saying to me, “Let us go [to] the house of YHWH.”

    Ps. 84:1–12 1 For the one directing. According to Gittith. Of the sons of Korah. A Psalm. How lovely [is] Your dwelling place, O YHWH of hosts! 2 My soul longs, even faints, for the courts of YHWH; my heart and my flesh cry out to the living God. 3 Even the sparrow finds a home, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she places her young—near Your altars, YHWH of hosts, my King and My God, 4 blessed [are] those dwelling in Your house! Ever they are praising You. Selah 5 blessed [is] the man, the strength of him [is] in You; highways [are] in their heart. 6 Passing through the Valley of Baca, they make it a spring; even with blessings the early rain covers it. 7 They go from strength to strength; [each] appears before God in Zion. 8 O YHWH, God of Hosts, hear my prayer; give ear, O God of Jacob! Selah 9 may You see our shield, O God, and look upon the face of Your anointed. 10 For better a day in Your courts than a thousand; I would choose to stand at the entrance in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of the wicked. 11 For a sun and shield [is] YHWH God; favor and honor YHWH will give, [and] He will not withhold good for those walking with integrity. 12 O YHWH of hosts, blessed [is] the man trusting in You.

    Luke 4:16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and according to His custom, He entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbaths, and He rose up to read.

    Acts 13:42, 44 42 And [on] their having departed, they were begging these words to be spoken to them on the next Sabbath. 44 And on the coming Sabbath, almost all the city was gathered together to hear the word of the Lord.

    Acts 2:42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

  • Ex. 20:8–11; Isa. 56:2–7.

    Ex. 20:8–11 8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it. 9 Six days you shall labor and you shall do all your work, 10 and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, and your son, and your daughter, your manservant, and your maidservant, and your livestock, and your sojourner who [is] within your gates. 11 For [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that [is] in them; and He rested on the seventh day. Therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.

    Isa. 56:2–7 2 Blessed [is] the man [who] does this, and the son of man [who] grabs hold of it, keeping the Sabbath from being profaned, and keeping his hand from doing any evil.” 3 Let no son of the foreigner [who] has joined himself to YHWH speak, saying, “YHWH will surely separate me from His people.” And let the eunuch not say, “Behold, I [am] a dry tree.” 4 For thus says YHWH: “To the eunuchs who keep My Sabbaths, and choose what I delight in, and hold fast to My covenant: 5 And will I give to them in My house and within My walls a place and a name better than sons and daughters—an everlasting name I will give to them, that will not be cut off. 6 And the sons of the foreigner who join themselves to YHWH to serve Him and to love the name of YHWH, to be His servants, all keeping the Sabbath from being profaned and holding firmly to My covenant, 7 even them I will bring to My holy mountain, and I will make them joyful in My house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices will be accepted on My altar; for My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations.”

  • Gen. 2:2–3; 1 Cor. 16:1–2; Acts 20:7.

    Gen. 2:2–3 2 And God finished by the seventh day His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and He sanctified it, because on it He ceased from all His work that God had created for making.

    1 Cor. 16:1–2 1 Now concerning the collection that [is] for the saints, as I directed the churches of Galatia, so also you⁺ are to do. 2 Every first of the week, let each one of you⁺ put aside, treasuring up whatever he may be prospered in, so that when I might come, then there should be no collections.

    Acts 20:7 And on the first of the week, we having come together to break bread, Paul, about to depart on the next day, talked to them and continued the talk until midnight.

  • Rev. 1:10.

    Rev. 1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and I heard behind me a loud voice, as of a trumpet,

  • Matt. 5:17–18; Mark 2:27–28; Rom. 13:8–10; James 2:8–12.

    Matt. 5:17–18 17 Do not suppose that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill. 18 For truly I say to you⁺, until the heaven and the earth should pass away, not even one iota, or one stroke of a letter, shall pass away from the Law, until everything should come to pass.

    Mark 2:27–28 27 And He said to them, “The Sabbath was made on account of the man, and not the man on account of the Sabbath. 28 So then, the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”

    Rom. 13:8–10 8 Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another; for the one loving the other has fulfilled the law. 9 For, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,” and if any other commandment, it is summed up in this word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 10 Love works no evil to the neighbor; therefore love [is] the fulfillment of the law.

    James 2:8–12 8 If indeed you⁺ fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you⁺ are doing well. 9 But if you⁺ show partiality, you⁺ are working sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, but shall stumble in one [part], he has become guilty of all. 11 For the One having said, “You shall not commit adultery,” also said, “You shall not murder.” But if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so act as being about to be judged by the law of freedom.

  • Ex. 20:8; Ex. 16:23–30; Ex. 31:15–17; Isa. 58:13–14; Neh. 13:15–22.

    Ex. 20:8 Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it.

    Ex. 16:23–30 23 And he said to them, “This [is] what YHWH has said: ‘Tomorrow [is] a complete rest, a holy Sabbath to YHWH,. What you⁺ bake, bake, and what you⁺ boil, boil; and all that remains, lay up for yourselves to be kept until the morning.’” 24 And they laid it up until the morning, as Moses had commanded, and it did not stink, and there were no worms in it. 25 And Moses said, “Eat it today; for today [is] a Sabbath to YHWH; today you⁺ will not find it in the field. 26 Six days you⁺ shall gather it, and on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be none in it.” 27 And it came to pass on the seventh day, [that some] of the people went out to gather, and they found none. 28 And YHWH said to Moses, “How long do you⁺ refuse to keep My commandments and My laws? 29 See that YHWH has given to you⁺ the Sabbath; upon thus He gives to you⁺ on the sixth day bread for two days. Let each man remain in his place; let no man go out from his place on the seventh day.” 30 And the people rested on the seventh day.

    Ex. 31:15–17 15 Six days work shall be done, and the seventh day [is] a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to YHWH. Every doer of work on the Sabbath day, he must surely be put to death. 16 And the sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to do the Sabbath throughout their generations [as] an everlasting covenant. 17 It [is] a sign between Me and between the sons of Israel forever; for [in] six days YHWH made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’”

    Isa. 58:13–14 13 If you turn back your foot from the Sabbath, doing your pleasure on My holy day, and [if] you call the Sabbath a delight, holy of YHWH, honored, and [if] you honor it above doing your own ways above finding your own delight and speaking a word, 14 then you will delight yourself in YHWH; and I will cause you to ride on the heights of the earth, and I will feed you the inheritance of Jacob your father.” For the mouth of YHWH has spoken.

    Neh. 13:15–22 15 In those days I saw in Judah those treading winepresses on the Sabbath, and bringing [in] the heaps [of grain], and lifting [loads] upon the donkeys, and also wine, [and] grapes, and figs, and every load carried; and [they were] bringing [it] [to] Jerusalem on the day of the Sabbath. And I protested on the day of their selling provision. 16 And the Tyrians who dwelt in it were bringing fish and every of merchandise and selling on the Sabbath to the sons of Judah, even in Jerusalem. 17 And I contended with the nobles of Judah, and I said to them, “What [is] this evil thing that you⁺ are doing, and profaning the day of the Sabbath? 18 Thus did not your⁺ fathers do, and our God brought upon us all this disaster, and upon this city? And you⁺ are adding to wrath upon Israel by profaning the Sabbath!” 19 And it came to pass when the gates of Jerusalem were becoming dark before the face of the Sabbath, that I commanded the gates to be shut, and I said that they shall not open them until after the Sabbath. And [some] from my servants I made stand at the gates, [that] there should not be brought [in] loads carried on the day of the Sabbath. 20 And they lodged—those who traded and those who sold all kinds of goods to sell—outside of Jerusalem once or twice. 21 And I testified against them and said to them, “Why [are] you⁺ lodging in front of the wall? If you⁺ do [this] again, a hand I will put forth on you⁺.” From that time they did not come on the Sabbath. 22 And I said to the Levites that they should be cleansing themselves, and coming in guarding the gates, to sanctify the day of the Sabbath. Also for this, remember me, O my God, and have pity on me according to the abundance of your loving devotion.

  • Isa. 58:13–14; Luke 4:16; Matt. 12:1–13; Mark 3:1–5.

    Isa. 58:13–14 13 If you turn back your foot from the Sabbath, doing your pleasure on My holy day, and [if] you call the Sabbath a delight, holy of YHWH, honored, and [if] you honor it above doing your own ways above finding your own delight and speaking a word, 14 then you will delight yourself in YHWH; and I will cause you to ride on the heights of the earth, and I will feed you the inheritance of Jacob your father.” For the mouth of YHWH has spoken.

    Luke 4:16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and according to His custom, He entered into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbaths, and He rose up to read.

    Matt. 12:1–13 1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbaths, and His disciples were hungry, and they began to pluck the heads of grain and to eat. 2 And the Pharisees, having seen, said to Him, “Behold, Your disciples do what it is not lawful to do on a Sabbath.” 3 And He said to them, “Did you⁺ not read what David did when he was hungry, and those with him— 4 how he entered into the house of God, and they ate the loaves of the presentation, which it was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those with him, except for the priests only? 5 Or did you⁺ not read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath and are guiltless? 6 But I say to you⁺ that a greater One than the temple is here. 7 But if you⁺ had known what is ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ then you⁺ would not have condemned the guiltless. 8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.” 9 And having departed from there, He went into their synagogue. 10 And behold, a man having a withered hand, and they asked Him, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbaths?” so that they might accuse Him. 11 And He said to them, “What man will there be of you⁺ who will have one sheep, and if this one should fall into a pit on the Sabbaths, will not take hold of it and will raise [it] up? 12 How much more valuable, therefore, [is] a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful on the Sabbaths to do good.” 13 Then He says to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched [it] out, and it was restored, sound as the other.

    Mark 3:1–5 1 And He entered into the synagogue again, and a man having a withered hand was there. 2 And they were watching Him, whether He will heal him on the Sabbaths, so that they might accuse Him. 3 And He says to the man having the withered hand, “Arise into the midst.” 4 And He says to them, “Is it lawful on the Sabbaths to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?” But they were silent. 5 And having looked around at them with anger, being grieved at the hardness of their heart, He says to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched [it] out, and his hand was restored.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day68 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 6027 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 11726 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 10819 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 12113 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 10312 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 22: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows

1. A lawful oath is a part of religious worship, wherein, upon just occasion, the person swearing solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth, or promiseth, and to judge him according to the truth or falsehood of what he sweareth.

2. The name of God only is that by which men ought to swear, and therein it is to be used with all holy fear and reverence. Therefore, to swear vainly, or rashly, by that glorious and dreadful Name; or, to swear at all by any other thing, is sinful, and to be abhorred. Yet, as in matters of weight and moment, an oath is warranted by the Word of God, under the new testament as well as under the old; so a lawful oath, being imposed by lawful authority, in such matters, ought to be taken.

3. Whosoever taketh an oath ought duly to consider the weightiness of so solemn an act, and therein to avouch nothing but what he is fully persuaded is the truth: neither may any man bind himself by oath to anything but what is good and just, and what he believeth so to be, and what he is able and resolved to perform.

4. An oath is to be taken in the plain and common sense of the words, without equivocation, or mental reservation. It cannot oblige to sin; but in anything not sinful, being taken, it binds to performance, although to a man's own hurt. Nor is it to be violated, although made to heretics, or infidels.

5. A vow is of the like nature with a promissory oath, and ought to be made with the like religious care, and to be performed with the like faithfulness.

6. It is not to be made to any creature, but to God alone: and, that it may be accepted, it is to be made voluntarily, out of faith, and conscience of duty, in way of thankfulness for mercy received, or for the obtaining of what we want, whereby we more strictly bind ourselves to necessary duties; or, to other things, so far and so long as they may fitly conduce thereunto.

7. No man may vow to do anything forbidden in the Word of God, or what would hinder any duty therein commanded, or which is not in his own power, and for the performance whereof he hath no promise of ability from God. In which respects, popish monastical vows of perpetual single life, professed poverty, and regular obedience, are so far from being degrees of higher perfection, that they are superstitious and sinful snares, in which no Christian may entangle himself.

Scripture proofs
  • Deut. 10:20; Isa. 45:23; Rom. 14:11; Phil. 2:10–11.

    Deut. 10:20 YHWH your God you shall fear; Him you shall serve, and to Him you shall hold fast, and by His name you shall swear.

    Isa. 45:23 By Myself I have sworn, righteousness has gone forth from My mouth, a word that not will turn back; indeed, before Me every knee will bow, every tongue will swear.

    Rom. 14:11 For it has been written: “[As] I live, says the Lord, every knee will bow to Me, and every tongue will confess to God.”

    Phil. 2:10–11 10 that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in the heavens and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ [is] Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

  • Ex. 20:7; Lev. 19:12; Rom. 1:9; 2 Cor. 1:23; 2 Cor. 11:31; Gal. 1:20; 2 Chron. 6:22–23.

    Ex. 20:7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain.

    Lev. 19:12 And you⁺ shall not swear by My name to a lie and so profane the name of your God. I [am] YHWH.

    Rom. 1:9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel of His Son, is my witness how unceasingly I make remembrance of you⁺,

    2 Cor. 1:23 But I call God as witness upon my soul, that sparing you⁺ I did not yet come to Corinth.

    2 Cor. 11:31 The God and Father of the Lord Jesus, the One being blessed to the ages, knows that I am not lying.

    Gal. 1:20 Now the things I write to you⁺, behold before God that I do not lie.

    2 Chron. 6:22–23 22 If anyone sins against his neighbor, and it is lifted up upon him to take an oath to swear, and he comes in to swear before Your altar in this house, 23 then may You hear from the heavens and act and judge Your servants, to give back to the wicked by bringing his way on his own head, and to justify the righteous by giving to him according to his righteousness.

  • Deut. 6:13; Josh. 23:7.

    Deut. 6:13 YHWH your God you shall fear, and Him you shall serve, and by His name you shall swear.

    Josh. 23:7 [and] lest you go among these nations, these remaining among you⁺, and the name of their gods you⁺ shall not mention nor cause one to swear [by them], and you⁺ shall not serve them and not bow down to them.

  • Ex. 20:7; Jer. 5:7; Matt. 5:33–37; James 5:12.

    Ex. 20:7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain.

    Jer. 5:7 “How can I grant forgiveness to you for this? Your sons have forsaken Me and have sworn by those not gods. And I satisfied them, and they committed adultery, and [in] the houses of a harlot they gather themselves together.

    Matt. 5:33–37 33 Again, you⁺ heard that it was said to the ancients, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but you shall repay your oaths to the Lord.’ 34 But I say to you⁺ not to swear at all: neither by heaven, because it is the throne of God; 35 nor by the earth, because it is the footstool for His feet; nor by Jerusalem, because it is the city of the great King. 36 Nor may you swear by your head, because you are not able to make one hair white or black. 37 But let your⁺ word ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes,’ [and] ‘No,’ ‘No.’ And that which [is] more than these comes from the evil one.

    James 5:12 But before all things, my brothers, do not swear, neither [by] heaven nor the earth nor any other oath. But let your⁺ “Yes” be yes, and the “No,” no, so that you⁺ might not fall under judgment.

  • Heb. 6:16; 2 Cor. 1:23; Isa. 65:16.

    Heb. 6:16 For men swear by the greater, and of all their disputes, an end for confirmation [is] the oath,

    2 Cor. 1:23 But I call God as witness upon my soul, that sparing you⁺ I did not yet come to Corinth.

    Isa. 65:16 that one blessing himself in the land will bless himself by the God of truth, and the one swearing in the land will swear by the God of truth; for the former troubles will be forgotten, for they will be hidden from My eyes.

  • 1 Kings 8:31; Neh. 13:25; Ezra 10:5.

    1 Kings 8:31 When a man sins against his neighbor, and is forced in it to take an oath, and comes [and] takes an oath before the face of Your altar in this house,

    Neh. 13:25 And I contended with them and cursed them and struck [some] men from them and pulled out their hair. And I made them swear by God, “You⁺ shall Not give your⁺ daughters to their sons or take from their daughters for your⁺ sons or for yourselves.

    Ezra 10:5 And Ezra arose, and he made swear an oath the leaders of the priests, the Levites, and all Israel, that they would do this according to the word. And they swore an oath.

  • Ex. 20:7; Lev. 19:12; Jer. 4:2; Hos. 10:4.

    Ex. 20:7 You shall not take the name of YHWH your God in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless him who takes His name in vain.

    Lev. 19:12 And you⁺ shall not swear by My name to a lie and so profane the name of your God. I [am] YHWH.

    Jer. 4:2 and you swear, ‘As YHWH’ lives, in truth, in justice, and in righteousness, then the nations shall bless themselves in Him, and in Him they shall glory.”

    Hos. 10:4 They have spoken words, swearing falsely [in] cutting a covenant, and judgment sprouts up like a poison in the furrows of the field.

  • Gen. 24:2–9; Neh. 5:12–13; Eccl. 5:2, 5.

    Gen. 24:2–9 2 And Abraham said to his servant, the elder of his house, the one who is ruling over all that is his, “Put, please, your hand under my thigh, 3 and I will make you swear by YHWH, the God of the heavens and the God of the earth, that you will not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanite, among whom I am dwelling. 4 But to my land and to my kindred you shall go, and you shall take a wife for my son, for Isaac.” 5 And the servant said to him, “Perhaps the woman will not be willing to follow me to this land. Shall I surely cause your son to return to the land from which you came?” 6 And Abraham said to him, “Take heed to yourself that you do not take my son there. 7 YHWH, God of the heavens, who took me from the house of my father and from the land of my kindred, and who spoke to me and swore to me, saying, ‘To your seed I will give this land’—He will send His angel before you, and you shall take a wife for my son from there. 8 And if the woman is not willing to follow you, then you shall be clear from this my oath. Only, my son you shall not cause to return there.” 9 And the servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his lord, and he swore to him concerning this matter.

    Neh. 5:12–13 12 And they said, “We will restore [it], and from them will require nothing. Thus we will do as you say.” And I called the priests, and caused them to swear to do according to this word. 13 Then I shook out my lap and said, “So may God shake out every man who does not perform this word from his house and from his property; even thus is he shaken out and emptied.” And all the assembly said, “Amen,” and they praised YHWH, and the people did according to this word.

    Eccl. 5:2, 5 2 Do not be rash with your mouth, and do not let your heart hurry to bring out a word before the face of God; for God [is] in the heavens, and you [are] upon the earth—upon thus, let your words be few. 5 Better that you did not vow, than that you vow and not fulfill [it].

  • Jer. 4:2; Ps. 24:4.

    Jer. 4:2 and you swear, ‘As YHWH’ lives, in truth, in justice, and in righteousness, then the nations shall bless themselves in Him, and in Him they shall glory.”

    Ps. 24:4 The one clean of hands and pure of heart, who has not lifted up his soul to vanity, and has not sworn by deceit.

  • 1 Sam. 25:22, 32–34; Ps. 15:4.

    1 Sam. 25:22, 32–34 22 And may God do to David, and thus may he add, if I leave of all who [are] unto him by the morning light one who urinates against the wall.” 32 And David said to Abigail, “Blessed [is] YHWH, God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me. 33 And blessed [is] your discernment, and blessed [are] you, because you have kept me this day from coming to bloodshed and from avenging myself with my own hand. 34 Yet [as] lives YHWH, God of Israel, who has kept me back from hurting you, surely unless you had hurried and come to meet me, surely would not have been left to Nabal by the morning light one who urinates against the wall.”

    Ps. 15:4 A rejected one is despised in his eyes, and those fearful of YHWH he honors—one [who] swears to endure evil, and not changing.

  • Ezek. 17:16–19; Josh. 9:18–19; 2 Sam. 21:1.

    Ezek. 17:16–19 16 ‘[As] I live,’ a declaration of the Lord YHWH, ‘Will he not—in the place of the king causing him to reign, of whom his oath he despised, and of whom his covenant he broke with him—die in the midst of Babylon. 17 And not with [his] mighty army and [his] great assembly, will Pharaoh maintain him in the war, in the piling up of a siege mound, and with the building of a wall, to cut off many souls. 18 And he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he gave his hand, and all these [things] he did—he will not escape!’ 19 Therefore, thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘[As] I live, surely My oath that he despised, and My covenant that he broke, will I not recompense upon his head?

    Josh. 9:18–19 18 The sons of Israel did not attack them, because the rulers of the congregation had sworn to them by YHWH, God of Israel. And all the congregation complained against the rulers. 19 And all the rulers said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by YHWH, God of Israel, and now we may not touch them.

    2 Sam. 21:1 And there was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year. And David inquired of YHWH. And YHWH answered, “Because of Saul and [his] house [is] the blood, on account that he killed the Gibeonites.”

  • Num. 30:2; Isa. 19:21; Eccl. 5:4–6; Ps. 61:8; Ps. 66:13–14.

    Num. 30:2 If a man makes a vow to YHWH or swears an oath to bind by some binding obligation on his soul, he shall not break his word; according to all that proceeds out of his mouth, he shall do.

    Isa. 19:21 And YHWH will make Himself known to Egypt, and Egypt will acknowledge YHWH [on] that day, and they will prepare sacrifice and offering, and they will vow a vow to YHWH and fulfill [it].

    Eccl. 5:4–6 4 When you vow a vow to God, you should not delay to fulfill it, for [there is] no delight in fools. What you have vowed, you must fulfill. 5 Better that you did not vow, than that you vow and not fulfill [it]. 6 Do not give your mouth to cause your flesh to sin, and do not say before the face of the messenger that it [was] an error. Why should God be angry concerning your voice and destroy the work of your hands?

    Ps. 61:8 So I will sing praise to your name forever, that I may perform my vows, day [by] day.

    Ps. 66:13–14 13 I will come into your house with burnt offerings; I will fulfill to You my vows, 14 for which my lips have opened, and my mouth has spoken in the distress for me.

  • Ps. 50:14; Ps. 76:11; Ps. 116:14.

    Ps. 50:14 Make a sacrifice of thanksgiving to God, and fulfill to the Most High your vows.

    Ps. 76:11 Make vows to YHWH your⁺ God, and fulfill [them]; let all around Him bring tribute to the Fearsome One.

    Ps. 116:14 I will fulfill My vows to YHWH now in front of all His people.

  • Deut. 23:21–23; Gen. 28:20–22; 1 Sam. 1:11; Ps. 66:13–14; Ps. 132:2–5.

    Deut. 23:21–23 21 When you make a vow to YHWH your God, you shall not delay to pay it. For YHWH your God will surely require it of you, and it would be sin in you. 22 But if you abstain from vowing, it shall not be sin in you. 23 That which has gone out of your lips you shall keep and perform, as you vowed to YHWH your God voluntarily what you have spoken with your mouth.

    Gen. 28:20–22 20 And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If God will be with me and will keep me in this way that I am going and will give me bread to eat and clothing to wear, 21 so that I may return in peace to the house of my father, then YHWH will be my God. 22 And this stone that I have set up as a pillar shall be a house of God, and all that You give to me, I will surely tithe it to You.”

    1 Sam. 1:11 And she made a vow and said, “O YHWH of Hosts, if You will indeed look on the affliction of Your maidservant, and remember me and not forget Your maidservant, and will give to your maidservant a male seed, I will give him to YHWH all the days of his life, and a razor shall not go up on his head.”

    Ps. 66:13–14 13 I will come into your house with burnt offerings; I will fulfill to You my vows, 14 for which my lips have opened, and my mouth has spoken in the distress for me.

    Ps. 132:2–5 2 how he swore to YHWH [and] vowed to the Mighty One of Jacob: 3 “If I enter into the tent of my house, or if go up on the couch of my bed, 4 I will not give sleep to my eyes, [and] slumber to my eyelids, 5 until I find a place for YHWH, [a] dwelling place for the Mighty One of Jacob.”

  • Acts 23:12–14; Mark 6:26; Num. 30:5, 8, 12–13.

    Acts 23:12–14 12 And day having come, the Jews, having made a conspiracy, put themselves under an oath, declaring neither to eat nor to drink until they should kill Paul. 13 Now there were more than forty having made this sworn conspiracy, 14 who, having come to the chief priests and the elders, said, “We have bound ourselves with an oath to eat nothing until we should kill Paul.

    Mark 6:26 And the king, having been made very sorrowful because of the oaths and those reclining, did not want to set her aside.

    Num. 30:5, 8, 12–13 5 But if her father forbids her on the day that he hears, then any of her vows or her binding obligations by which she has bound on her soul shall not stand; and YHWH will release her, because her father forbade her. 8 But if, on the day that he hears [it], her husband forbids her, he makes void her vow that she took and the rash utterance of her lips by which she bound on her soul, and YHWH will release her. 12 But if her husband surely has nullified them on the day he heard [them], then whatever proceeded from her lips concerning her vows or concerning the bond of her soul, it shall not stand; her husband has made them void, and YHWH will release her. 13 Every vow, and every sworn binding obligation to afflict her soul, her husband may confirm it or her husband may make it void.

  • Matt. 19:11–12; 1 Cor. 7:2, 9; Heb. 13:4; Eph. 4:28; 1 Thess. 4:11–12; 1 Cor. 7:23.

    Matt. 19:11–12 11 And He said to them, “Not all receive this word, but [those] to whom it has been given. 12 For there are eunuchs who were born thus from the womb of [their] mother, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of the heavens. The one being able to receive [it], let him receive [it].”

    1 Cor. 7:2, 9 2 But because of the sexual immorality, let each man have his [own] wife, and let each woman have [her] own husband. 9 But if they do not have self-control, let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn.

    Heb. 13:4 [Let] marriage [be] honored in all, and the marriage bed undefiled; for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterers.

    Eph. 4:28 The one stealing, let him steal no longer, but rather let him toil, working with [his] own hands what [is] good, so that he may have [something] to impart to the one having need.

    1 Thess. 4:11–12 11 and to strive earnestly to live quietly and to do your own [things], and to work with your⁺ own hands, just as we commanded you⁺, 12 so that you⁺ may walk properly toward those outside and may have need of no one.

    1 Cor. 7:23 You⁺ were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 23: Of Lawful Oaths and Vows21 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 11315 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 998 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 557 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1016 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1026 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 23: Of the Civil Magistrate

1. God, the supreme Lord and King of all the world, hath ordained civil magistrates, to be, under him, over the people, for his own glory, and the public good: and, to this end, hath armed them with the power of the sword, for the defense and encouragement of them that are good, and for the punishment of evildoers.

2. It is lawful for Christians to accept and execute the office of a magistrate, when called thereunto: in the managing whereof, as they ought especially to maintain piety, justice, and peace, according to the wholesome laws of each commonwealth; so, for that end, they may lawfully, now under the new testament, wage war, upon just and necessary occasion.

3. Civil magistrates may not assume to themselves the administration of the Word and sacraments; or the power of the keys of the kingdom of heaven; or, in the least, interfere in matters of faith. Yet, as nursing fathers, it is the duty of civil magistrates to protect the church of our common Lord, without giving the preference to any denomination of Christians above the rest, in such a manner that all ecclesiastical persons whatever shall enjoy the full, free, and unquestioned liberty of discharging every part of their sacred functions, without violence or danger. And, as Jesus Christ hath appointed a regular government and discipline in his church, no law of any commonwealth should interfere with, let, or hinder, the due exercise thereof, among the voluntary members of any denomination of Christians, according to their own profession and belief. It is the duty of civil magistrates to protect the person and good name of all their people, in such an effectual manner as that no person be suffered, either upon pretense of religion or of infidelity, to offer any indignity, violence, abuse, or injury to any other person whatsoever: and to take order, that all religious and ecclesiastical assemblies be held without molestation or disturbance.

4. It is the duty of people to pray for magistrates, to honor their persons, to pay them tribute or other dues, to obey their lawful commands, and to be subject to their authority, for conscience' sake. Infidelity, or difference in religion, doth not make void the magistrates' just and legal authority, nor free the people from their due obedience to them: from which ecclesiastical persons are not exempted, much less hath the pope any power and jurisdiction over them in their dominions, or over any of their people; and, least of all, to deprive them of their dominions, or lives, if he shall judge them to be heretics, or upon any other pretense whatsoever.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 13:1–4; 1 Peter 2:13–14.

    Rom. 13:1–4 1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God. 2 Therefore the one setting [himself] against the authority has resisted the ordinance of God, and those having resisted will receive judgment to themselves. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Now do you want not to fear the authority? Do that which [is] good, and you will have praise from him. 4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil.

    1 Peter 2:13–14 13 Be in subjection to every human creation because of the Lord, whether to the king as being supreme, 14 or to governors as being sent by him for punishment to evildoers and praise to doers of good,

  • Gen. 41:39–43; Neh. 12:26; Neh. 13:15–31; Dan. 2:48–49; Prov. 8:15–16; Rom. 13:1–4.

    Gen. 41:39–43 39 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made known to you all this, [there is] no one as discerning and wise as you. 40 You shall be over my house, and according to your mouth all my people will kiss. Only in regard to the throne will I be greater than you.” 41 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” 42 And Pharaoh removed his signet ring from his hand and put it on the hand of Joseph, and he clothed him in garments of fine linen and put the chain of gold around his neck. 43 And he had him ride in the second chariot that [was] his, and they called out before him, “Abrek!” And he set him over all the land of Egypt.

    Neh. 12:26 These [were] in the days of Joiakim son of Jeshua, son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and Ezra the priest [and] scribe.

    Neh. 13:15–31 15 In those days I saw in Judah those treading winepresses on the Sabbath, and bringing [in] the heaps [of grain], and lifting [loads] upon the donkeys, and also wine, [and] grapes, and figs, and every load carried; and [they were] bringing [it] [to] Jerusalem on the day of the Sabbath. And I protested on the day of their selling provision. 16 And the Tyrians who dwelt in it were bringing fish and every of merchandise and selling on the Sabbath to the sons of Judah, even in Jerusalem. 17 And I contended with the nobles of Judah, and I said to them, “What [is] this evil thing that you⁺ are doing, and profaning the day of the Sabbath? 18 Thus did not your⁺ fathers do, and our God brought upon us all this disaster, and upon this city? And you⁺ are adding to wrath upon Israel by profaning the Sabbath!” 19 And it came to pass when the gates of Jerusalem were becoming dark before the face of the Sabbath, that I commanded the gates to be shut, and I said that they shall not open them until after the Sabbath. And [some] from my servants I made stand at the gates, [that] there should not be brought [in] loads carried on the day of the Sabbath. 20 And they lodged—those who traded and those who sold all kinds of goods to sell—outside of Jerusalem once or twice. 21 And I testified against them and said to them, “Why [are] you⁺ lodging in front of the wall? If you⁺ do [this] again, a hand I will put forth on you⁺.” From that time they did not come on the Sabbath. 22 And I said to the Levites that they should be cleansing themselves, and coming in guarding the gates, to sanctify the day of the Sabbath. Also for this, remember me, O my God, and have pity on me according to the abundance of your loving devotion. 23 Also in those days I saw the Judeans [who] had settled [with] women—Ashdodite, Ammonite, [and] Moabite. 24 And of their sons, half were speaking Ashdodite, and none of them knowing how to speak Judean, and according to the tongue of people by people. 25 And I contended with them and cursed them and struck [some] men from them and pulled out their hair. And I made them swear by God, “You⁺ shall Not give your⁺ daughters to their sons or take from their daughters for your⁺ sons or for yourselves. 26 By these [things] did not Solomon king of Israel sin? And among the many nations there was not a king like him, and he was beloved to his God, and God gave him as king over all Israel; yet even him, the foreign women caused to sin. 27 And to you⁺ shall we listen to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God by settling [with] foreign women?” 28 And one from the sons of Joiada son of Eliashib the great priest [was] a son-in-law of Sanballat the Horonite, and I caused him to flee from me. 29 Remember them, O my God, on account of the defiling of the priesthood and the covenant of the priesthood and the Levites. 30 And I purified them from everything foreign, and I appointed duties for the priests and for the Levites, each man in his work, 31 and for the wood offering at appointed times, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.

    Dan. 2:48–49 48 Then the king gave high honor to Daniel, and he gave many great gifts to him; and he made him ruler over all the province of Babylon and chief of the administrators over all the wise men of Babylon. 49 And Daniel requested of the king, and he appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and Daniel [was] in the gate of the king.

    Prov. 8:15–16 15 By me kings reign, and rulers decree justice. 16 By me princes rule, and nobles—all those judging [with] righteousness.

    Rom. 13:1–4 1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God. 2 Therefore the one setting [himself] against the authority has resisted the ordinance of God, and those having resisted will receive judgment to themselves. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Now do you want not to fear the authority? Do that which [is] good, and you will have praise from him. 4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil.

  • Ps. 2:10–12; 1 Tim. 2:2; Ps. 82:3–4; 2 Sam. 23:3; 1 Peter 2:13.

    Ps. 2:10–12 10 And now, O kings, be prudent; be admonished, O judges of the earth. 11 Serve YHWH with fear, and rejoice with trembling. 12 Kiss the Son, lest He be angry, and you⁺ perish [in] the way, when His wrath is kindled in an instant. Blessed [are] all those taking refuge in Him.

    1 Tim. 2:2 for kings and all those being in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity.

    Ps. 82:3–4 3 Judge for the weak and the fatherless; [for] the oppressed and needy bring justice. 4 Rescue the weak and needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked.

    2 Sam. 23:3 The God of Israel spoke the Rock of Israel spoke to me: ‘He who rules over men [is] righteous, ruling in the fear of God,

    1 Peter 2:13 Be in subjection to every human creation because of the Lord, whether to the king as being supreme,

  • Luke 3:14; Rom. 13:4; Matt. 8:9–10; Acts 10:1–2.

    Luke 3:14 And those being soldiers were also questioning him, saying, “And what shall we do?” And he said to them, “Extort no one, nor accuse falsely, and be content with your⁺ wages.”

    Rom. 13:4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil.

    Matt. 8:9–10 9 For I also am a man under authority, having soldiers under me. And I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does.” 10 And having heard, Jesus marveled and said to those following, “Truly I say to you⁺, with no one in Israel did I find such great faith.

    Acts 10:1–2 1 Now a certain man in Caesarea named Cornelius [was] a centurion of the cohort that is called Italian, 2 devout and fearing God with all his household, doing many alms to the people and praying to God through all.

  • 2 Chron. 26:18; Matt. 18:17; Matt. 16:19; 1 Cor. 12:28–29; Eph. 4:11–12; 1 Cor. 4:1–2; Rom. 10:15; Heb. 5:4.

    2 Chron. 26:18 and they stood up against Uzziah the king and said to him, “[It is] not for you, Uzziah, to burn incense to YHWH, but for the priests, the sons of Aaron, who are consecrated to burn incense. Get out of the sanctuary, for you have trespassed; and honor [is] not unto you from YHWH God.”

    Matt. 18:17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector.

    Matt. 16:19 I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of the heavens. And whatever you might bind on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you might loose on the earth will be loosed in the heavens.”

    1 Cor. 12:28–29 28 And some indeed God placed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helping, administrating, various kinds of tongues. 29 [Are] all apostles? [Are] all prophets? [Are] all teachers? Do all [work] miracles?

    Eph. 4:11–12 11 And He gave some indeed [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] shepherds and teachers, 12 toward the perfecting of the saints for the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ,

    1 Cor. 4:1–2 1 So let a man reckon us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God. 2 Here, henceforth, it is required in the stewards that one should be found faithful.

    Rom. 10:15 And how can they preach unless they can be sent? As it has been written: “How beautiful [are] the feet of those proclaiming good news of good things!”

    Heb. 5:4 And no one takes upon himself the honor, but is being called by God, just as Aaron also.

  • John 18:36; Acts 5:29; Eph. 4:11–12.

    John 18:36 Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world; if My kingdom were of this world, My attendants would fight so that I would not be delivered up to the Jews. But now My kingdom is not from here.”

    Acts 5:29 But Peter and the apostles, answering, said, “It is necessary to obey God rather than men.

    Eph. 4:11–12 11 And He gave some indeed [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] shepherds and teachers, 12 toward the perfecting of the saints for the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ,

  • Isa. 49:23; Rom. 13:1–6.

    Isa. 49:23 And kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers; facedown to the earth they will bow low to you, and they will lick up the dust of your feet. And you will know that I [am] YHWH; those waiting for Me will not be ashamed.”

    Rom. 13:1–6 1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God. 2 Therefore the one setting [himself] against the authority has resisted the ordinance of God, and those having resisted will receive judgment to themselves. 3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Now do you want not to fear the authority? Do that which [is] good, and you will have praise from him. 4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil. 5 Therefore [it is] necessary to be subject, not only because of wrath, but also because of the conscience. 6 For because of this, you⁺ also pay taxes; for they are ministers of God, attending continually to this very thing.

  • Ps. 105:15.

    Ps. 105:15 “You⁺ shall not touch My anointed ones, and to My prophets You⁺ shall not do evil.”

  • Rom. 13:4; 1 Tim. 2:2.

    Rom. 13:4 For he is God’s servant to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is God’s servant, an avenger for wrath to the one practicing evil.

    1 Tim. 2:2 for kings and all those being in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity.

  • 1 Tim. 2:1–3.

    1 Tim. 2:1–3 1 I exhort, therefore, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, [and] thanksgivings to be made for all men, 2 for kings and all those being in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity. 3 This [is] good and acceptable before God our Savior,

  • 1 Peter 2:17.

    1 Peter 2:17 Honor everyone: love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the king.

  • Matt. 22:21; Rom. 13:6–7.

    Matt. 22:21 They say to Him, “Caesar’s.” Then He says to them, “Therefore give back the things of Caesar to Caesar, and the things of God to God.”

    Rom. 13:6–7 6 For because of this, you⁺ also pay taxes; for they are ministers of God, attending continually to this very thing. 7 Pay to all their dues: tax to whom tax, revenue to whom revenue, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor.

  • Rom. 13:5; Titus 3:1.

    Rom. 13:5 Therefore [it is] necessary to be subject, not only because of wrath, but also because of the conscience.

    Titus 3:1 Remind them to be subject to rulers, to authorities, to obey rulers, to be ready for every good work,

  • 1 Peter 2:13–16.

    1 Peter 2:13–16 13 Be in subjection to every human creation because of the Lord, whether to the king as being supreme, 14 or to governors as being sent by him for punishment to evildoers and praise to doers of good, 15 because the will of God is this: doing good, to put to silence the ignorance of foolish men, 16 as free, and not having the freedom as a cover-up for evil, but as servants of God.

  • Rom. 13:1; Acts 25:9–11; 2 Peter 2:1, 10–11; Jude 8–11.

    Rom. 13:1 Let every soul be subject to the authorities being above [him]. For there is no authority except by God; but those existing are appointed by God.

    Acts 25:9–11 9 But Festus, wishing to lay a favor on the Jews, answering, said to Paul, “Are you willing, having gone up to Jerusalem, to be judged before me there concerning these things?” 10 And Paul said, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where it is necessary for me to be judged. I did nothing wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well. 11 Therefore if indeed I am unrighteous and have done anything worthy of death, I do not refuse to die. But if there is nothing of which they can accuse me, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!”

    2 Peter 2:1, 10–11 1 But there were also false prophets among the people, as also among you⁺ there will be false teachers who will stealthily introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master having bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. 10 and especially those going after the flesh in the passion of defilement and despising authority. Bold, self-willed, they are not afraid of blaspheming glorious ones, 11 whereas angels, being greater in strength and power, do not bring against them a blasphemous judgment before the Lord.

    Jude 8 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 9 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 10 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 11 on BibleHub ↗

  • Mark 10:42–44; Matt. 23:8–12; 2 Tim. 2:24; 1 Peter 5:3.

    Mark 10:42–44 42 And Jesus, having summoned them, says to them, “You⁺ know that those considered to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. 43 But it is not thus among you⁺. But whoever may want to become great among you⁺, he will be your⁺ servant; 44 and whoever may want to be first among you⁺, he will be slave of all.

    Matt. 23:8–12 8 But you⁺ shall not be called ‘Rabbi,’ for your⁺ Teacher is One, and you⁺ are all brothers. 9 And you⁺ shall call no one your⁺ father on the earth, for One is your⁺ Father who [is] in heaven. 10 Neither shall you⁺ be called instructors, because One is your⁺ Instructor, the Christ. 11 But the greatest among you⁺ will be your⁺ servant. 12 And whoever will exalt himself will be humbled, and whoever will humble himself will be exalted.

    2 Tim. 2:24 And it is necessary for a servant of the Lord not to quarrel, but to be kind toward all, able to teach, forbearing,

    1 Peter 5:3 not as exercising lordship over those in your charge, but being examples to the flock.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 24: Of the Civil Magistrate14 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 12712 shared proof textsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 22: Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day11 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1048 shared proof textsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 608 shared proof textsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 618 shared proof texts

Chapter 24: Of Marriage and Divorce

1. Marriage is to be between one man and one woman: neither is it lawful for any man to have more than one wife, nor for any woman to have more than one husband, at the same time.

2. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of husband and wife, for the increase of mankind with legitimate issue, and of the church with an holy seed; and for preventing of uncleanness.

3. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry, who are able with judgment to give their consent. Yet it is the duty of Christians to marry only in the Lord. And therefore such as profess the true reformed religion should not marry with infidels, papists, or other idolaters: neither should such as are godly be unequally yoked, by marrying with such as are notoriously wicked in their life, or maintain damnable heresies.

4. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of consanguinity or affinity forbidden by the Word. Nor can such incestuous marriages ever be made lawful by any law of man or consent of parties, so as those persons may live together as man and wife.

5. Adultery or fornication committed after a contract, being detected before marriage, giveth just occasion to the innocent party to dissolve that contract. In the case of adultery after marriage, it is lawful for the innocent party to sue out a divorce: and, after the divorce, to marry another, as if the offending party were dead.

6. Although the corruption of man be such as is apt to study arguments unduly to put asunder those whom God hath joined together in marriage: yet, nothing but adultery, or such willful desertion as can no way be remedied by the church, or civil magistrate, is cause sufficient of dissolving the bond of marriage: wherein, a public and orderly course of proceeding is to be observed; and the persons concerned in it not left to their own wills, and discretion, in their own case.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4–6; Rom. 7:3; Prov. 2:17.

    Gen. 2:24 Upon thus a man shall leave his father and his mother and shall cleave to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.

    Matt. 19:4–6 4 And answering, He said, “Did you⁺ not read that the One having created from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ 5 and He said, ‘On account of this a man will leave the father and the mother and be joined with his wife, and the two will be for one flesh’? 6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God yoked together, let man not separate.”

    Rom. 7:3 So then, of the husband being alive, if she becomes unto another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if the husband should die, she is free from the law, [so as] not for her to be an adulteress, having become unto another man.

    Prov. 2:17 the one having forsaken the guide of her youth, and she has forgotten the covenant of her God.

  • Gen. 2:18; Eph. 5:28; 1 Peter 3:7.

    Gen. 2:18 And YHWH God said, “[It is] not good [for] the man to be alone; I will make for him a helper as his counterpart.”

    Eph. 5:28 So also husbands ought to love their own wives as their own bodies. The one loving his own wife loves himself.

    1 Peter 3:7 Husbands [do] likewise, dwelling with [them] according to knowledge, as with a weaker vessel, with the female, rendering honor as co-heirs also of the grace of life, in order for your⁺ prayers not to be hindered.

  • Gen. 1:28; Gen. 9:1; Mal. 2:15.

    Gen. 1:28 And God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it. And rule over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over every living thing that is crawling upon the earth.”

    Gen. 9:1 And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.

    Mal. 2:15 And did He not make [them] one, and a remnant of the Spirit unto him? And what [is] the one? He was seeking seed of God. Therefore keep guard over your⁺ spirit, and do not deal treacherously with the wife of your youth.

  • 1 Cor. 7:2, 9.

    1 Cor. 7:2, 9 2 But because of the sexual immorality, let each man have his [own] wife, and let each woman have [her] own husband. 9 But if they do not have self-control, let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn.

  • Heb. 13:4; 1 Tim. 4:3; 1 Cor. 7:36–38; Gen. 24:57–58.

    Heb. 13:4 [Let] marriage [be] honored in all, and the marriage bed undefiled; for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterers.

    1 Tim. 4:3 forbidding to marry, [requiring] to abstain from foods that God created for reception with thanksgiving by the faithful and [by] [those] knowing the truth.

    1 Cor. 7:36–38 36 But if anyone supposes [himself] to be acting unbecomingly to his virgin, if she is beyond youth, and it ought to be so, let him do what he wills; he does not sin; let them marry. 37 But he who has stood steadfast in his heart, not having necessity but having authority over [his] own will, and has judged this in [his] own heart, to keep his own virgin, he will do well. 38 So then also, the one marrying [his] own virgin does well, and the one not marrying will do better.

    Gen. 24:57–58 57 And they said, “Let us call for the young woman and let us ask at her mouth.” 58 And they called for Rebekah and said to her, “Will you go with this man?” And she said, “I will go.”

  • 1 Cor. 7:39.

    1 Cor. 7:39 A wife has been bound for as long a time [as] her husband may live; but if the husband shall have died, she is free to be married to whom she wants, only in the Lord.

  • Gen. 34:14; Ex. 34:16; 2 Cor. 6:14. (See Deut. 7:3–4; 1 Kings 11:4; Neh. 13:25–27; Mal. 2:11–12.)

    Gen. 34:14 and they said to them, “We are not able to do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin, for that [is] a reproach to us.

    Ex. 34:16 and you take from his daughters for your sons, and his daughters play the prostitute with their gods, and they make your sons play the prostitute with their gods.

    2 Cor. 6:14 Do not become unequally yoked together with unbelievers. For what partnership [have] righteousness and lawlessness? Or what fellowship [has] light with darkness?

    Deut. 7:3–4 3 And you shall not join in marriage with them; your daughter you shall not give to their son, and their daughter you shall not take for your son. 4 For they will turn away your sons from following Me, and they will serve other gods; and the anger of YHWH will be kindled against you⁺, and He will destroy you swiftly.

    1 Kings 11:4 And it was, at the time of the old age of Solomon, that his wives stretched his heart after other gods, and his heart was not loyal to YHWH his God like the heart of David his father.

    Neh. 13:25–27 25 And I contended with them and cursed them and struck [some] men from them and pulled out their hair. And I made them swear by God, “You⁺ shall Not give your⁺ daughters to their sons or take from their daughters for your⁺ sons or for yourselves. 26 By these [things] did not Solomon king of Israel sin? And among the many nations there was not a king like him, and he was beloved to his God, and God gave him as king over all Israel; yet even him, the foreign women caused to sin. 27 And to you⁺ shall we listen to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God by settling [with] foreign women?”

    Mal. 2:11–12 11 Judah has acted treacherously, and an abomination has been done in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah has profaned the sanctuary of YHWH, which He loves, and he has married the daughter of a foreign god. 12 May YHWH cut off the man who does this, the one being awake and the one answering from the tents of Jacob, and the one drawing near [with] an offering to YHWH of Hosts.

  • Lev. 18:6–17, 24–30; Lev. 20:19; 1 Cor. 5:1; Amos 2:7.

    Lev. 18:6–17, 24–30 6 Any man shall not draw near to any close relative of his flesh to uncover nakedness. I [am] YHWH. 7 The nakedness of your father and the nakedness of your mother you shall not uncover. She [is] your mother; you shall not uncover her nakedness. 8 The nakedness of the wife of your father you shall not uncover; it [is] the nakedness of your father. 9 The nakedness of your sister the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother born [at] home or born outside [it], you shall not uncover their nakedness. 10 The nakedness of the daughter of your son or of the daughter of your daughter—you shall not uncover their nakedness; for they [are] your own nakedness. 11 The nakedness of the daughter of the wife of your father, begotten of your father—she [is] your sister—you shall not uncover her nakedness. 12 The nakedness of the sister of your father you shall not uncover; she [is] a close relative of your father. 13 The nakedness of the sister of your mother you shall not uncover, for she [is] a close relative of your mother. 14 The nakedness of the brother of your father you shall not uncover. To his wife you shall not draw near; she [is] your aunt. 15 The nakedness of your daughter-in-law you shall not uncover; she [is] the wife of your son. You shall not uncover her nakedness. 16 The nakedness of the wife of your brother you shall not uncover; it [is] the nakedness of your brother. 17 The nakedness of a woman and her daughter you shall not uncover—the daughter of her son and the daughter of her daughter you shall not take to uncover her nakedness. They [are] close relatives; it [is] wickedness. 24 Do not defile yourselves with any of these things, for by all these the nations have defiled themselves, which I [am] sending away from before your⁺ faces. 25 And the land is defiled; and I visit the punishment of its iniquity upon it, and the land vomits out those dwelling in it. 26 And you⁺ shall keep My statutes and My judgments, and you⁺ shall not do from all of these abominations, the native and the sojourner who is sojourning in your⁺ midst— 27 for the men of the land who [were] before your⁺ faces have done all these abominations, and the land was defiled— 28 And the land will not vomit you⁺ out when you⁺ defile it, as it vomited out the nation that [was] before your⁺ faces. 29 For anyone who does from all these abominations—then the soul who do [them]—shall be cut off from among their people. 30 And you⁺ shall keep My charge, to not do from the statutes of the abominations that have been done before your⁺ faces, and you⁺ shall not defile yourselves by them. I [am] YHWH your⁺ God.”

    Lev. 20:19 And the nakedness of the sister of your mother or the sister of your father you shall not uncover, because he would uncover his close relative. They shall bear their guilt.

    1 Cor. 5:1 Sexual immorality is actually heard [of] among you⁺, and sexual immorality such as [is] not even among the nations, so as for one to have the wife of the father.

    Amos 2:7 They pant after the dust of the earth on the heads of the poor, out of their way they stretch aside the humble, and a man and his father go into the [same] girl, in order to defile the name of My holiness.

  • Mark 6:18; Lev. 18:24–28.

    Mark 6:18 For John was saying to Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have the wife of your brother.”

    Lev. 18:24–28 24 Do not defile yourselves with any of these things, for by all these the nations have defiled themselves, which I [am] sending away from before your⁺ faces. 25 And the land is defiled; and I visit the punishment of its iniquity upon it, and the land vomits out those dwelling in it. 26 And you⁺ shall keep My statutes and My judgments, and you⁺ shall not do from all of these abominations, the native and the sojourner who is sojourning in your⁺ midst— 27 for the men of the land who [were] before your⁺ faces have done all these abominations, and the land was defiled— 28 And the land will not vomit you⁺ out when you⁺ defile it, as it vomited out the nation that [was] before your⁺ faces.

  • Matt. 1:18–20. (See Deut. 22:23–24.)

    Matt. 1:18–20 18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was thus: His mother Mary, having been betrothed to Joseph, before their coming together was found having in womb from the Holy Spirit. 19 And Joseph her husband, being righteous and not willing to make an example of her, resolved to send her away secretly. 20 But [on] his having pondered these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph son of David, you should not be afraid to receive Mary [as] your wife, for that having been begotten in her is from the Holy Spirit.

    Deut. 22:23–24 23 If there is a young woman, a virgin, betrothed to a husband, and a man finds her in the city and lies with her, 24 then you⁺ shall bring out the two of them to the gate of that city, and you⁺ shall stone them with stones to death—the young woman on account of the matter, because she did not cry out in the city, and the man upon this thing, because he humbled the wife of his neighbor. And you shall put away the evil from among you.

  • Matt. 5:31–32.

    Matt. 5:31–32 31 And it was said, ‘Whoever may send away his wife, let him give to her a certificate of divorce.’ 32 But I say to you⁺ that everyone sending away his wife, except [for] the reason of sexual immorality, causes her to commit adultery. And whoever shall marry her [who] has been sent away, he commits adultery.

  • Matt. 19:9; Rom. 7:2–3.

    Matt. 19:9 And I say to you⁺ that whoever shall send away his wife, except for sexual immorality, and shall marry another, he commits adultery.”

    Rom. 7:2–3 2 For the married woman is bound by law to the living husband; but if the husband should die, she is released from the law of the husband. 3 So then, of the husband being alive, if she becomes unto another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if the husband should die, she is free from the law, [so as] not for her to be an adulteress, having become unto another man.

  • Matt. 19:8–9; 1 Cor. 7:15; Matt. 19:6.

    Matt. 19:8–9 8 He says to them, “Moses, for your⁺ hardness of heart, allowed you⁺ to divorce your⁺ wives; but it has not been this way from the beginning. 9 And I say to you⁺ that whoever shall send away his wife, except for sexual immorality, and shall marry another, he commits adultery.”

    1 Cor. 7:15 But if the unbeliever separates himself, let him separate himself. The brother or the sister is not bound in such [cases]. But God has called you⁺ in peace.

    Matt. 19:6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God yoked together, let man not separate.”

  • Deut. 24:1–4.

    Deut. 24:1–4 1 When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it comes to pass that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found in her some uncleanness, and he writes to her a certificate of divorce and puts [it] into her hand and sends her out of his house, 2 and she has departed from his house and goes and becomes to another man, 3 and the latter husband detests her and writes her a certificate of divorce, and puts [it] in her hand and sends her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies who took her as his wife, 4 [then] her former husband who divorced her must not take her back to be wife to him after that she has been defiled; for that [is] an abomination before the face of YHWH, and you shall not bring sin upon the land that YHWH your God is giving to you [as] an inheritance.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 13924 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 25: Of Marriage16 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 207 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 29: Of Single Life, Wedlock, and Household Government5 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1385 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1084 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 25: Of the Church

1. The catholic or universal church, which is invisible, consists of the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one, under Christ the Head thereof; and is the spouse, the body, the fullness of him that filleth all in all.

2. The visible church, which is also catholic or universal under the gospel (not confined to one nation, as before under the law), consists of all those throughout the world that profess the true religion; and of their children: and is the kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ, the house and family of God, out of which there is no ordinary possibility of salvation.

3. Unto this catholic visible church Christ hath given the ministry, oracles, and ordinances of God, for the gathering and perfecting of the saints, in this life, to the end of the world: and doth, by his own presence and Spirit, according to his promise, make them effectual thereunto.

4. This catholic church hath been sometimes more, sometimes less visible. And particular churches, which are members thereof, are more or less pure, according as the doctrine of the gospel is taught and embraced, ordinances administered, and public worship performed more or less purely in them.

5. The purest churches under heaven are subject both to mixture and error; and some have so degenerated, as to become no churches of Christ, but synagogues of Satan. Nevertheless, there shall be always a church on earth, to worship God according to his will.

6. There is no other head of the church but the Lord Jesus Christ. Nor can the pope of Rome, in any sense, be head thereof.

Scripture proofs
  • Eph. 1:10, 22–23; Eph. 5:23, 27, 32; Col. 1:18.

    Eph. 1:10, 22–23 10 for the administration of the fullness of the times, to bring together all things in Christ—the things in the heavens and the things upon the earth— 22 And He subjected all things under His feet and gave Him [to be] head over all things to the church, 23 which is His body, the fullness of the One filling all in all.

    Eph. 5:23, 27, 32 23 for the husband is head of the wife as also Christ [is] the head of the church, He Himself Savior of the body. 27 so that He might present to Himself the church in glory, not having spot or wrinkle or any of such things, but that she may be holy and blameless. 32 This mystery is great, but I speak as to Christ and as to the church.

    Col. 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, firstborn out from the dead, so that He might be having preeminence in all things,

  • 1 Cor. 1:2; 1 Cor. 12:12–13; Ps. 2:8; Rev. 7:9; Rom. 15:9–12.

    1 Cor. 1:2 To the church of God being in Corinth, having been sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be holy, with all those in every place calling on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, theirs and ours:

    1 Cor. 12:12–13 12 For just as the body is one, and it has many members, and all the members of the body being many are one body, so also [is] Christ. 13 For also in one Spirit we all were baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.

    Ps. 2:8 Ask from Me and I will give the nations [as] Your inheritance, and the ends of the earth [for] Your possession.

    Rev. 7:9 After these things I saw, and behold, a great multitude, which no one was able to number it, out of every nation and [all] tribes and peoples and tongues standing before the throne and before the Lamb, having been clothed with white robes, and palm branches in their hands,

    Rom. 15:9–12 9 and [for] the Gentiles to glorify God for mercy, as it has been written: “Because of this I will praise You among the Gentiles, and I will sing praises to Your name.” 10 And again it says: “Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people.” 11 And again: “Praise the Lord, all the Gentiles, and extol Him, all the peoples.” 12 And again, Isaiah says: “There will be the root of Jesse, and the One arising to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will hope.”

  • 1 Cor. 7:14; Acts 2:39; Gen. 17:7–12; Ezek. 16:20–21; Rom. 11:16. (See Gal. 3:7, 9, 14; Rom. 4:12, 16, 24.)

    1 Cor. 7:14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified in the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified in the brother. Otherwise, then your⁺ children are unclean; but now they are holy.

    Acts 2:39 For the promise is to you⁺ and to your⁺ children and to all those at a distance, as many as the Lord our God shall summon.”

    Gen. 17:7–12 7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you. 8 And I give to you and to your seed after you the land in which you are a sojourner—all the land of Canaan—as an everlasting possession. And I will be their God.” 9 And God said to Abraham, “And as for you, you shall keep My covenant—you and your seed after you, throughout their generations. 10 This [is] My covenant, which you⁺ shall keep between Me, and between you⁺, and between your seed after you: Every male child among you⁺ shall be circumcised. 11 And you⁺ shall be circumcised in the flesh of your⁺ foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and between you⁺. 12 And a son of eight days among you⁺ shall be circumcised—every male child in your⁺ generations who is born in your house or bought with silver from any son of a foreigner who is not of your seed.

    Ezek. 16:20–21 20 And you took your sons and your daughters, those whom you bore to Me, and you sacrificed them to them to be devoured! [Was] your prostitution too little? 21 And you have slain My children, and have given them by causing them to pass through to them!

    Rom. 11:16 Now if the firstfruit [is] holy, also [is] the lump; and if the root [is] holy, also [are] the branches.

    Gal. 3:7, 9, 14 7 Know, then, that those of faith, these are sons of Abraham. 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

    Rom. 4:12, 16, 24 12 and father of circumcision to those not only of circumcision, but also to those walking in the footsteps of the faith of our father Abraham in uncircumcision. 16 Because of this [it is] of faith, so that [it may be] according to grace for the promise to be sure to all the seed, not only to that of the law, but also to that of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all 24 but also because of us, to whom it is about to be reckoned, to those believing on the One having raised Jesus our Lord out from the dead,

  • Matt. 13:47; Isa. 9:7; Luke 1:32–33; Acts 2:30–36; Col. 1:13.

    Matt. 13:47 Again, the kingdom of the heavens is like a dragnet having been cast into the sea and having gathered together of every kind,

    Isa. 9:7 Of the increase of [His] government and peace [will be] no end, over the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness from now and even to forever. The zeal of YHWH of Hosts will accomplish this.

    Luke 1:32–33 32 He will be great, and He will be called Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David, 33 and He will reign over the house of Jacob to the ages. And of His kingdom there will be no end!”

    Acts 2:30–36 30 being therefore a prophet and knowing that God swore to him with an oath to seat one out of the fruit of his loins upon his throne. 31 Having foreseen, he spoke concerning the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was He abandoned into Hades, nor did His flesh see decay. 32 This Jesus God raised up, of which we all are witnesses. 33 Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He poured out this which you⁺ both see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he himself says: ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand 35 until I place Your enemies [as] a footstool for Your feet.”’ 36 Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God made Him both Lord and Christ—this Jesus whom you⁺ crucified.”

    Col. 1:13 who delivered us from the authority of darkness and transferred [us] into the kingdom of His beloved Son,

  • Eph. 2:19; Eph. 3:15.

    Eph. 2:19 So then, you⁺ are no longer strangers and aliens, but you⁺ are fellow citizens of the saints and of the household of God,

    Eph. 3:15 from whom every family in the heavens and on earth is named,

  • Acts 2:47.

    Acts 2:47 praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord kept adding every day to the same those being saved.

  • 1 Cor. 12:28; Eph. 4:11–13; Matt. 28:19–20; Isa. 59:21.

    1 Cor. 12:28 And some indeed God placed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helping, administrating, various kinds of tongues.

    Eph. 4:11–13 11 And He gave some indeed [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] shepherds and teachers, 12 toward the perfecting of the saints for the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ, 13 until we all may come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a complete man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ,

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    Isa. 59:21 “And Me, this [is] My covenant with them,” says YHWH. “My Spirit who [is] upon you, and My words that I have put in your mouth, they will not depart from your mouth and from the mouth of your seed, and from the mouth of the seed of your seed, says YHWH, from now and even to forever.”

  • Rom. 11:3–5; Acts 9:31; Acts 2:41, 47; Acts 18:8–10.

    Rom. 11:3–5 3 “Lord, they killed Your prophets, they tore down Your altars, and I alone was left, and they seek my life”? 4 But what does the divine answer say to him? “I left to Myself seven thousand men, who did not bow the knee to Baal.” 5 So then also in the present time, there has been a remnant according to the election of grace,

    Acts 9:31 Then indeed the church throughout all of Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace, being edified. And going on in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, they were multiplied.

    Acts 2:41, 47 41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added. 47 praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord kept adding every day to the same those being saved.

    Acts 18:8–10 8 And Crispus, the synagogue ruler, believed in the Lord with all his house, and many of the Corinthians hearing believed and were baptized. 9 Now the Lord said to Paul through a vision in the night, “Do not be afraid, but continue speaking, and do not be silent, 10 because I am with you, and no one will lay a hand on you to harm you, because there are many people unto Me in this city.”

  • Acts 2:41–42; 1 Cor. 5:6–7; Rev. 2–3.

    Acts 2:41–42 41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added. 42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers.

    1 Cor. 5:6–7 6 Your⁺ boasting [is] not good. Do you⁺ not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed,

    Revelation 2 on BibleHub ↗

    Revelation 3 on BibleHub ↗

  • 1 Cor. 13:12; Rev. 2–3; Matt. 13:24–30, 47.

    1 Cor. 13:12 For now we see through a glass in obscurity, but then, face to face. Now I know in part, but then I will know fully, even as I have been fully known.

    Matt. 13:24–30, 47 24 He put before them another parable, saying, “The kingdom of the heavens was likened to a man having sown good seed in his field. 25 And while the men are sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds in the midst of the wheat, and went away. 26 And when the plants sprouted and produced fruit, then the weeds also appeared. 27 And having come, the servants of the master of the house said to him, ‘Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? From where, then, does it have weeds?’ 28 And he said to them, ‘An enemy did this.’ And the servants said to him, ‘Then do you desire [that], having gone away, we should collect them?’ 29 And he said, ‘No, lest collecting the weeds, you⁺ might uproot the wheat with them. 30 Allow both to grow together until the harvest, and in the time of the harvest I will say to the harvesters: First collect the weeds and bind them into bundles in order to burn them up; but gather together the wheat into my barn.’” 47 Again, the kingdom of the heavens is like a dragnet having been cast into the sea and having gathered together of every kind,

    Revelation 2 on BibleHub ↗

    Revelation 3 on BibleHub ↗

  • Matt. 23:37–39; Rom. 11:18–22.

    Matt. 23:37–39 37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, killing the prophets and stoning those sent to her! How often I willed to gather together your children, the way that a hen gathers together her chicks under the wings, and you⁺ were not willing! 38 Behold, your⁺ house is left to you⁺ desolate! 39 For I say to you⁺, you⁺ shall not see Me from now until you⁺ say, ‘Blessed [is] the One coming in the name of the Lord.’”

    Rom. 11:18–22 18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast over [them], you do not support the root, but the root you. 19 You will say, then, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” 20 Rightly so: They were broken off by unbelief, but you have stood by faith. Do not be high-minded, but be afraid. 21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps He will not spare you. 22 Behold, therefore, the kindness and severity of God: severity indeed upon those having fallen, but kindness of God upon you, if you continue in the kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off.

  • Matt. 16:18; Ps. 45:16–17; Ps. 72:17; Matt. 28:19–20; 1 Cor. 15:51–52; 1 Thess. 4:17.

    Matt. 16:18 And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

    Ps. 45:16–17 16 In place of your fathers shall be your sons, whom you shall make to [be] princes in all the earth. 17 I will cause your name to be remembered through all generations; upon thus the people will praise you forever and ever.

    Ps. 72:17 His name shall be forever; unto the turning of the sun his name shall increase; and all nations shall be blessed in him, they shall call him blessed.

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    1 Cor. 15:51–52 51 Behold, I speak to you⁺ a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— 52 in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.

    1 Thess. 4:17 Then we, the living remaining, will be caught up together with them in the clouds for the meeting of the Lord in the air; and so we will be always with the Lord.

  • Col. 1:18; Eph. 1:22.

    Col. 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, firstborn out from the dead, so that He might be having preeminence in all things,

    Eph. 1:22 And He subjected all things under His feet and gave Him [to be] head over all things to the church,

  • Matt. 23:8–10; 1 Peter 5:2–4.

    Matt. 23:8–10 8 But you⁺ shall not be called ‘Rabbi,’ for your⁺ Teacher is One, and you⁺ are all brothers. 9 And you⁺ shall call no one your⁺ father on the earth, for One is your⁺ Father who [is] in heaven. 10 Neither shall you⁺ be called instructors, because One is your⁺ Instructor, the Christ.

    1 Peter 5:2–4 2 Shepherd the flock of God among you⁺, exercising oversight, not under compulsion but willingly according to God; and not for shameful gain but eagerly, 3 not as exercising lordship over those in your charge, but being examples to the flock. 4 And [on] the Chief Shepherd having been made manifest, you⁺ will receive the unfading crown of glory.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church16 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 6216 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 6310 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16610 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 17: Of the Catholic and Holy Church of God, and of the One Only Head of the Church9 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 3410 shared proof texts

Chapter 26: Of the Communion of Saints

1. All saints, that are united to Jesus Christ their Head, by his Spirit, and by faith, have fellowship with him in his graces, sufferings, death, resurrection, and glory: and, being united to one another in love, they have communion in each other's gifts and graces, and are obliged to the performance of such duties, public and private, as do conduce to their mutual good, both in the inward and outward man.

2. Saints by profession are bound to maintain an holy fellowship and communion in the worship of God, and in performing such other spiritual services as tend to their mutual edification; as also in relieving each other in outward things, according to their several abilities and necessities. Which communion, as God offereth opportunity, is to be extended unto all those who, in every place, call upon the name of the Lord Jesus.

3. This communion which the saints have with Christ, doth not make them in any wise partakers of the substance of his Godhead; or to be equal with Christ in any respect: either of which to affirm is impious and blasphemous. Nor doth their communion one with another, as saints, take away, or infringe the title or propriety which each man hath in his goods and possessions.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 John 1:3; Eph. 3:16–18; John 1:16; Eph. 2:5–6; Phil. 3:10; Rom. 6:5–6; Rom. 8:17; 2 Tim. 2:12.

    1 John 1:3 that which we have seen and have heard we declare to you⁺ also, so that you⁺ also may have fellowship with us. And indeed our fellowship [is] with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ.

    Eph. 3:16–18 16 that He might give to you⁺ according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man, 17 [for] Christ to dwell in your⁺ hearts through faith, having been rooted and having been founded in love, 18 that you⁺ may be fully able, with all the saints, to comprehend what [is] the breadth and length and height and depth,

    John 1:16 For from His fullness we all received also grace upon grace.

    Eph. 2:5–6 5 even us being dead in trespasses, made [us] alive with Christ—by grace you⁺ are saved— 6 and He raised [us] up together and seated [us] together in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus,

    Phil. 3:10 to know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death,

    Rom. 6:5–6 5 For if we have become united in the likeness of His death, yet also we will be of the resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin.

    Rom. 8:17 and if children, also heirs: heirs indeed of God, and co-heirs of Christ, if indeed we suffer with [Him], so that we may also be glorified with [Him].

    2 Tim. 2:12 if we endure, we will also reign together [with Him]; if we will deny [Him], He also will deny us;

  • Eph. 4:15–16; 1 Cor. 12:7, 12; 1 Cor. 3:21–23; Col. 2:19.

    Eph. 4:15–16 15 But speaking the truth in love, we should grow in all things into Him who is the head, Christ, 16 from whom all the body, being fit together and being knit together by every joint of [its] supply, according to the working in the measure of each single part, the increase of the body makes for the building up of itself in love.

    1 Cor. 12:7, 12 7 Now to each is given the manifestation of the Spirit, for the common profiting. 12 For just as the body is one, and it has many members, and all the members of the body being many are one body, so also [is] Christ.

    1 Cor. 3:21–23 21 Therefore let no one boast in men. For all things are yours⁺, 22 whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death or [things] present or [things] about to be—all [are] yours⁺, 23 and you⁺ [are] of Christ, and Christ [is] of God.

    Col. 2:19 and not holding fast to the head, from whom all the body, being supplied and being knit together by the joints and ligaments, grows with the growth of God.

  • 1 Thess. 5:11, 14; Rom. 1:11–12, 14; 1 John 3:16–18; Gal. 6:10.

    1 Thess. 5:11, 14 11 Therefore encourage one another and build up one another, just as also you⁺ are doing. 14 And we exhort you⁺, brothers, to admonish the unruly, encourage the fainthearted, support the weak, be patient toward all.

    Rom. 1:11–12, 14 11 For I long to see you⁺ so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you⁺, to your⁺ being strengthened, 12 and, that is, to be encouraged together among you⁺ through the faith among one another, both of you⁺ and of me. 14 I am a debtor both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to wise and to foolish.

    1 John 3:16–18 16 In this we have known love, because He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down [our] lives for [our] brothers. 17 Now whoever may have the goods of the world, and may see his brother having need, and might shut his heart from him, how does the love of God remain in him? 18 Little children, may we love not in word nor in tongue, but in work and in truth.

    Gal. 6:10 So then, as we have opportunity, we should work good toward all, and especially toward those of the household of the faith.

  • Heb. 10:24–25; Acts 2:42, 46; Isa. 2:3; 1 Cor. 11:20.

    Heb. 10:24–25 24 And we should carefully consider toward stirring up one another to love and to good works, 25 not forsaking the assembling together of ourselves, as [is] the custom with some, but exhorting, and so much more as you⁺ see the Day drawing near.

    Acts 2:42, 46 42 Now they were steadfastly continuing in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread and in the prayers. 46 And every day they were steadfastly continuing with one accord in the temple and breaking bread at each house. They were partaking of food with gladness and sincerity of heart,

    Isa. 2:3 And many people will come and say, “Come and let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us His ways, and we will walk in His paths.” For the law will go forth from Zion, and the Word of YHWH from Jerusalem.

    1 Cor. 11:20 Therefore, [on] your⁺ coming together in the same [place], it is not to eat the Lord’s supper.

  • 1 John 3:17; 2 Cor. 8–9; Acts 11:29–30. (See Acts 2:44–45.)

    1 John 3:17 Now whoever may have the goods of the world, and may see his brother having need, and might shut his heart from him, how does the love of God remain in him?

    Acts 11:29–30 29 And the disciples, as anyone was prospered, each of them determined to send for ministry to the brothers dwelling in Judea, 30 which also they did, having sent [it] to the elders by the hand of Barnabas and Saul.

    Acts 2:44–45 44 And all those believing were in the same [place] and were having all things in common. 45 And they were selling the possessions and the goods and were dividing them to all, as anyone had need.

    2 Corinthians 8 on BibleHub ↗

    2 Corinthians 9 on BibleHub ↗

  • Col. 1:18–19; 1 Cor. 8:6; Ps. 45:6–7; Heb. 1:6–9; John 1:14; John 20:17.

    Col. 1:18–19 18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, firstborn out from the dead, so that He might be having preeminence in all things, 19 because all the fullness was well pleased to dwell in Him,

    1 Cor. 8:6 yet to us [there is] one God the Father, of whom [are] all things, and we for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom [are] all things, and we through Him.

    Ps. 45:6–7 6 Your throne, O God, [is] forever and ever; a scepter of uprightness [is] the scepter of your kingdom. 7 You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; upon thus, God, your God has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions.

    Heb. 1:6–9 6 And again, when He brings the firstborn into the world, He says: “And let all angels of God worship Him.” 7 And indeed to the angels He says: “The One making His angels winds, and His ministers a flame of fire.” 8 But to the Son: “Your throne, O God, [is] to the age of the age, and the scepter of uprightness [is] the scepter of Your kingdom. 9 You loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; because of this, God, Your God, anointed You with the oil of exultation beyond Your companions.”

    John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us. And we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

    John 20:17 Jesus says to her, “Do not touch Me, for not yet have I ascended to the Father. But go to My brothers and say to them, ‘I am ascending to My Father and your⁺ Father, and [to] My God and your⁺ God.’”

  • Ex. 20:15; Eph. 4:28; Acts 5:4.

    Ex. 20:15 You shall not steal.

    Eph. 4:28 The one stealing, let him steal no longer, but rather let him toil, working with [his] own hands what [is] good, so that he may have [something] to impart to the one having need.

    Acts 5:4 Remaining, did it not remain yours? And having been sold, was it [not] in [your] own authority? Why did you purpose this deed in your heart? You did not lie to men but to God!”

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 27: Of the Communion of Saints23 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 6510 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 13: Of Sanctification7 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 756 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 1036 shared proof textsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 545 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 27: Of the Sacraments

1. Sacraments are holy signs and seals of the covenant of grace, immediately instituted by God, to represent Christ, and his benefits; and to confirm our interest in him: as also, to put a visible difference between those that belong unto the church, and the rest of the world; and solemnly to engage them to the service of God in Christ, according to his Word.

2. There is, in every sacrament, a spiritual relation, or sacramental union, between the sign and the thing signified: whence it comes to pass, that the names and effects of the one are attributed to the other.

3. The grace which is exhibited in or by the sacraments rightly used, is not conferred by any power in them; neither doth the efficacy of a sacrament depend upon the piety or intention of him that doth administer it: but upon the work of the Spirit, and the word of institution, which contains, together with a precept authorizing the use thereof, a promise of benefit to worthy receivers.

4. There be only two sacraments ordained by Christ our Lord in the gospel; that is to say, baptism, and the Supper of the Lord: neither of which may be dispensed by any, but by a minister of the Word lawfully ordained.

5. The sacraments of the old testament, in regard of the spiritual things thereby signified and exhibited, were, for substance, the same with those of the new.

Scripture proofs
  • Rom. 4:11; Gen. 17:7, 10–11.

    Rom. 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Gen. 17:7, 10–11 7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you. 10 This [is] My covenant, which you⁺ shall keep between Me, and between you⁺, and between your seed after you: Every male child among you⁺ shall be circumcised. 11 And you⁺ shall be circumcised in the flesh of your⁺ foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and between you⁺.

  • Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:23.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Cor. 11:23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread,

  • Rom. 6:3–4; Col. 2:12; 1 Cor. 10:16; 1 Cor. 11:25–26; Gal. 3:27.

    Rom. 6:3–4 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life.

    Col. 2:12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

    1 Cor. 10:16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ?

    1 Cor. 11:25–26 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

    Gal. 3:27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

  • Ex. 12:48; Gen. 34:14; 1 Cor. 10:21.

    Ex. 12:48 And when a sojourner sojourns with you, and he does the Passover to YHWH, every male of his shall be circumcised; and then he may come near to do it, and he shall be as a native of the land. And any uncircumcised person shall not eat of it.

    Gen. 34:14 and they said to them, “We are not able to do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin, for that [is] a reproach to us.

    1 Cor. 10:21 You⁺ are not able to drink a cup of the Lord and a cup of demons. You⁺ are not able to partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons.

  • Rom. 6:3–4; Gal. 3:27; 1 Peter 3:21; 1 Cor. 10:16. (See 1 Cor. 5:7–8.)

    Rom. 6:3–4 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life.

    Gal. 3:27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

    1 Peter 3:21 which also corresponds to the baptism now saving you⁺, not a putting away of the filth of flesh, but the demand of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,

    1 Cor. 10:16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ?

    1 Cor. 5:7–8 7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed, 8 so that we may keep the feast, not with old leaven, not with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with unleavened [bread] of sincerity and of truth.

  • Gen. 17:10; Matt. 26:27–28; 1 Cor. 10:16–18.

    Gen. 17:10 This [is] My covenant, which you⁺ shall keep between Me, and between you⁺, and between your seed after you: Every male child among you⁺ shall be circumcised.

    Matt. 26:27–28 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

    1 Cor. 10:16–18 16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ? 17 Because [there is] one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf. 18 Consider Israel according to flesh: Are not those eating the sacrifices fellow sharers of the altar?

  • Rom. 2:28–29; 1 Peter 3:21.

    Rom. 2:28–29 28 For [it is] not the one [who] on the outside is a Jew, nor [is] [that] on the outside in flesh circumcision. 29 But a Jew [is one] on the inside, and circumcision [is] of heart, in spirit, not in letter, of whom the praise [is] not of men, but of God.

    1 Peter 3:21 which also corresponds to the baptism now saving you⁺, not a putting away of the filth of flesh, but the demand of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,

  • 1 Cor. 12:13.

    1 Cor. 12:13 For also in one Spirit we all were baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.

  • Matt. 26:26–28; Luke 22:19–20; Matt. 28:19–20; 1 Cor. 11:26.

    Matt. 26:26–28 26 Now [while] they are eating, Jesus, having taken bread and having blessed [it], broke [it], and having given [it] to the disciples, He said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

    Luke 22:19–20 19 And having taken the bread, having given thanks, He broke [it] and gave to them, saying, “This is My body, which is given for you⁺; do this in remembrance of Me,” 20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    1 Cor. 11:26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

  • Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 11:20, 23; 1 Cor. 4:1; Eph. 4:11–12.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Cor. 11:20, 23 20 Therefore, [on] your⁺ coming together in the same [place], it is not to eat the Lord’s supper. 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread,

    1 Cor. 4:1 So let a man reckon us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God.

    Eph. 4:11–12 11 And He gave some indeed [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] shepherds and teachers, 12 toward the perfecting of the saints for the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ,

  • 1 Cor. 10:1–4; Rom. 4:11; Col. 2:11–12.

    1 Cor. 10:1–4 1 For I do not want you⁺ to be ignorant, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea. 2 And all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

    Rom. 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Col. 2:11–12 11 in whom also you⁺ were circumcised with the circumcision done without hands in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 16221 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 17612 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 7812 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16810 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 929 shared proof texts · shared topicLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 30: Of the Lord's Supper9 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 28: Of Baptism

1. Baptism is a sacrament of the new testament, ordained by Jesus Christ, not only for the solemn admission of the party baptized into the visible church; but also, to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace, of his ingrafting into Christ, of regeneration, of remission of sins, and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in newness of life. Which sacrament is, by Christ's own appointment, to be continued in his church until the end of the world.

2. The outward element to be used in this sacrament is water, wherewith the party is to be baptized, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, by a minister of the gospel, lawfully called thereunto.

3. Dipping of the person into the water is not necessary; but baptism is rightly administered by pouring, or sprinkling water upon the person.

4. Not only those that do actually profess faith in and obedience unto Christ, but also the infants of one, or both, believing parents, are to be baptized.

5. Although it be a great sin to contemn or neglect this ordinance, yet grace and salvation are not so inseparably annexed unto it, as that no person can be regenerated, or saved, without it; or, that all that are baptized are undoubtedly regenerated.

6. The efficacy of baptism is not tied to that moment of time wherein it is administered; yet, notwithstanding, by the right use of this ordinance, the grace promised is not only offered, but really exhibited, and conferred, by the Holy Ghost, to such (whether of age or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, according to the counsel of God's own will, in his appointed time.

7. The sacrament of baptism is but once to be administered unto any person.

Scripture proofs
  • Matt. 28:19.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

  • 1 Cor. 12:13; Gal. 3:27–28.

    1 Cor. 12:13 For also in one Spirit we all were baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.

    Gal. 3:27–28 27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male and female; for you⁺ are all one in Christ Jesus.

  • Rom. 4:11; Col. 2:11–12.

    Rom. 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Col. 2:11–12 11 in whom also you⁺ were circumcised with the circumcision done without hands in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

  • Gal. 3:27; Rom. 6:5.

    Gal. 3:27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

    Rom. 6:5 For if we have become united in the likeness of His death, yet also we will be of the resurrection,

  • John 3:5; Titus 3:5.

    John 3:5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.

    Titus 3:5 not by works in righteousness that we did, but according to His mercy, He saved us through the washing of regeneration and a renewing of the Holy Spirit,

  • Mark 1:4; Acts 2:38; Acts 22:16.

    Mark 1:4 John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance unto forgiveness of sins.

    Acts 2:38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

    Acts 22:16 And now, why do you delay? Having arisen, be baptized and wash away your sins, having called on His name.’

  • Rom. 6:3–4.

    Rom. 6:3–4 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life.

  • Matt. 28:19–20.

    Matt. 28:19–20 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

  • Acts 10:47; Acts 8:36, 38; Matt. 28:19.

    Acts 10:47 “Is anyone able to withhold the water to baptize these who have received the Holy Spirit just as we also [have]?”

    Acts 8:36, 38 36 And as they were going along the road, they came upon some water, and the eunuch says, “Behold, water! What prevents my being baptized?” 38 And he commanded the chariot to stop. And they both went down to the water—both Philip and the eunuch—and he baptized him.

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

  • Heb. 9:10, 13, 19, 21; Mark 7:2–4; Luke 11:38.

    Heb. 9:10, 13, 19, 21 10 [consisting] only in foods and drinks and various washings—ordinances of the flesh being imposed until the time of reformation. 13 For if the blood of goats and of bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the ones having been defiled sanctify [them] for the purification of the flesh, 19 For [on] every commandment having been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the law, having taken the blood of calves and of goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, he sprinkled both the scroll itself and all the people, 21 And likewise he sprinkled both the tabernacle and all the vessels of the sacred service with blood.

    Mark 7:2–4 2 And they had seen some of His disciples, that with defiled hands—that is, unwashed—they are eating the loaves. 3 (For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they wash the hands to the fist, holding to the tradition of the elders; 4 and [coming] from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they immerse; and there are many other things that they received to hold to—immersions of cups and pitchers and bronze vessels and couches.)

    Luke 11:38 But the Pharisee, having seen, marveled that He did not wash first before the dinner.

  • Acts 2:41; Acts 8:12–13; Acts 16:14–15.

    Acts 2:41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added.

    Acts 8:12–13 12 But when they believed Philip proclaiming the gospel concerning the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. 13 And Simon himself also believed, and having been baptized, he was steadfastly continuing with Philip. And beholding the signs and great miracles being performed, he was amazed.

    Acts 16:14–15 14 And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple of the city of Thyatira, worshiping God, was listening. The Lord opened her heart to attend to the things being spoken by Paul. 15 And when she was baptized, and her house, she begged, saying, “If you⁺ have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, having entered into my house, abide.” And she persuaded us.

  • Gen. 17:7–14; Gal. 3:9, 14; Col. 2:11–12; Acts 2:38–39; Rom. 4:11–12; Matt. 19:13; Mark 10:13–16; Luke 18:15–17; Matt. 28:19; 1 Cor. 7:14.

    Gen. 17:7–14 7 And I will establish My covenant between Me and between you and between your seed after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you, and to your seed after you. 8 And I give to you and to your seed after you the land in which you are a sojourner—all the land of Canaan—as an everlasting possession. And I will be their God.” 9 And God said to Abraham, “And as for you, you shall keep My covenant—you and your seed after you, throughout their generations. 10 This [is] My covenant, which you⁺ shall keep between Me, and between you⁺, and between your seed after you: Every male child among you⁺ shall be circumcised. 11 And you⁺ shall be circumcised in the flesh of your⁺ foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between Me and between you⁺. 12 And a son of eight days among you⁺ shall be circumcised—every male child in your⁺ generations who is born in your house or bought with silver from any son of a foreigner who is not of your seed. 13 And he must surely be circumcised—he who is born in your house, or he who is bought with your silver. And My covenant shall be in your⁺ flesh for an everlasting covenant. 14 And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, the soul [of] that one shall be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”

    Gal. 3:9, 14 9 So then, those of faith are blessed along with the faithful Abraham. 14 so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

    Col. 2:11–12 11 in whom also you⁺ were circumcised with the circumcision done without hands in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with Him in baptism, in which also you⁺ were raised with [Him] through the faith from the working of God, the One having raised Him out from the dead.

    Acts 2:38–39 38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you⁺ and to your⁺ children and to all those at a distance, as many as the Lord our God shall summon.”

    Rom. 4:11–12 11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them, 12 and father of circumcision to those not only of circumcision, but also to those walking in the footsteps of the faith of our father Abraham in uncircumcision.

    Matt. 19:13 Then little children were brought to Him so that He might lay the hands on them and He might pray, but the disciples rebuked them.

    Mark 10:13–16 13 And they were bringing little children to Him so that He might touch them, but the disciples rebuked them. 14 And having seen, Jesus was indignant and said to them, “Permit the little children to come to Me; do not forbid them! For of such is the kingdom of God. 15 Truly I say to you⁺, whoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child shall never enter into it.” 16 And having taken [them] in [His] arms, He was blessing them, having laid the hands on them.

    Luke 18:15–17 15 And they were bringing the infants also to Him so that He might touch them; but having seen, the disciples were rebuking them. 16 But Jesus summoned them, saying, “Permit the little children to come to Me, and do not forbid them; for of the such is the kingdom of God. 17 Truly I say to you⁺, whoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall never enter into it.”

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Cor. 7:14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified in the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified in the brother. Otherwise, then your⁺ children are unclean; but now they are holy.

  • Gen. 17:14; Matt. 28:19; Acts 2:38. (See Luke 7:30.)

    Gen. 17:14 And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, the soul [of] that one shall be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”

    Matt. 28:19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    Acts 2:38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

    Luke 7:30 But the Pharisees and the lawyers set aside the counsel of God for themselves, not having been baptized by him.

  • Rom. 4:11; Acts 10:2, 4, 22, 31, 45, 47.

    Rom. 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith that [he had while] in the uncircumcision, for him to be father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness to be reckoned also to them,

    Acts 10:2, 4, 22, 31, 45, 47 2 devout and fearing God with all his household, doing many alms to the people and praying to God through all. 4 And having looked intently at him, and having become afraid, he said, “What is it, Lord?” And he said to him, “Your prayers and your alms have ascended as a memorial before God. 22 And they said, “Cornelius, a centurion, a man righteous and fearing God—and being well testified to by all the nation of the Jews—was divinely instructed by a holy angel to send for you to his house and to hear a message from you.” 31 and he said, ‘Cornelius, your prayer was heard, and your alms have been remembered before God. 45 And the believers from the circumcision, as many as had come with Peter, were amazed that the gift of the Holy Spirit has been poured out even on the Gentiles. 47 “Is anyone able to withhold the water to baptize these who have received the Holy Spirit just as we also [have]?”

  • Acts 8:13, 23.

    Acts 8:13, 23 13 And Simon himself also believed, and having been baptized, he was steadfastly continuing with Philip. And beholding the signs and great miracles being performed, he was amazed. 23 For I see you being in the gall of bitterness and the bond of iniquity.”

  • John 3:5, 8.

    John 3:5, 8 5 Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one would be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God. 8 The wind blows where it wills, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know from where it comes and where it goes. Thus is everyone having been born of the Spirit.”

  • Rom. 6:3–6; Gal. 3:27; 1 Peter 3:21; Acts 2:38, 41.

    Rom. 6:3–6 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life. 5 For if we have become united in the likeness of His death, yet also we will be of the resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin.

    Gal. 3:27 For as many of you⁺ as were baptized into Christ, you⁺ put on Christ.

    1 Peter 3:21 which also corresponds to the baptism now saving you⁺, not a putting away of the filth of flesh, but the demand of a good conscience toward God, through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,

    Acts 2:38, 41 38 And Peter says to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you⁺, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your⁺ sins, and you⁺ will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 41 Therefore those indeed having received his word were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added.

  • Rom. 6:3–11.

    Rom. 6:3–11 3 Or are you⁺ ignorant that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? 4 We were buried, therefore, with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised out from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also should walk in newness of life. 5 For if we have become united in the likeness of His death, yet also we will be of the resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], so that the body of sin might be nullified, [for] us no longer to be slaves to sin. 7 For the one having died has been justified from sin. 8 Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with Him, 9 knowing that Christ, having been raised out from the dead, dies no more; death no longer rules over Him. 10 For that which He died, He died to sin once for all; but that which He lives, He lives to God. 11 So also you⁺, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but living to God in Christ Jesus.

Parallel passages (6+)Westminster Larger Catechism · Question 16619 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16513 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 7413 shared proof texts · 5 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16712 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 9512 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 3411 shared proof texts · 3 shared topics

Chapter 29: Of the Lord's Supper

1. Our Lord Jesus, in the night wherein he was betrayed, instituted the sacrament of his body and blood, called the Lord's Supper, to be observed in his church, unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance of the sacrifice of himself in his death; the sealing all benefits thereof unto true believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in him, their further engagement in and to all duties which they owe unto him; and, to be a bond and pledge of their communion with him, and with each other, as members of his mystical body.

2. In this sacrament, Christ is not offered up to his Father; nor any real sacrifice made at all, for remission of sins of the quick or dead; but only a commemoration of that one offering up of himself, by himself, upon the cross, once for all: and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God, for the same: so that the popish sacrifice of the Mass (as they call it) is most abominably injurious to Christ's one, only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of his elect.

3. The Lord Jesus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his ministers to declare his word of institution to the people; to pray, and bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants; but to none who are not then present in the congregation.

4. Private Masses, or receiving this sacrament by a priest, or any other, alone; as likewise, the denial of the cup to the people, worshiping the elements, the lifting them up, or carrying them about, for adoration, and the reserving them for any pretended religious use; are all contrary to the nature of this sacrament, and to the institution of Christ.

5. The outward elements in this sacrament, duly set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such relation to him crucified, as that, truly, yet sacramentally only, they are sometimes called by the name of the things they represent, to wit, the body and blood of Christ; albeit, in substance and nature, they still remain truly and only bread and wine, as they were before.

6. That doctrine which maintains a change of the substance of bread and wine, into the substance of Christ's body and blood (commonly called transubstantiation) by consecration of a priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to Scripture alone, but even to common sense, and reason; overthroweth the nature of the sacrament, and hath been, and is, the cause of manifold superstitions; yea, of gross idolatries.

7. Worthy receivers, outwardly partaking of the visible elements, in this sacrament, do then also, inwardly by faith, really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporally, but spiritually, receive, and feed upon, Christ crucified, and all benefits of his death: the body and blood of Christ being then, not corporally or carnally, in, with, or under the bread and wine; yet, as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the elements themselves are to their outward senses.

8. Although ignorant and wicked men receive the outward elements in this sacrament; yet, they receive not the thing signified thereby; but, by their unworthy coming thereunto, are guilty of the body and blood of the Lord, to their own damnation. Wherefore, all ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to enjoy communion with him, so are they unworthy of the Lord's table; and cannot, without great sin against Christ, while they remain such, partake of these holy mysteries, or be admitted thereunto.

Scripture proofs
  • 1 Cor. 11:23–26; 1 Cor. 10:16–17, 21; 1 Cor. 12:13.

    1 Cor. 11:23–26 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

    1 Cor. 10:16–17, 21 16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ? 17 Because [there is] one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf. 21 You⁺ are not able to drink a cup of the Lord and a cup of demons. You⁺ are not able to partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons.

    1 Cor. 12:13 For also in one Spirit we all were baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.

  • Heb. 9:22, 25–26, 28; Heb. 10:10–14.

    Heb. 9:22, 25–26, 28 22 And almost all things are purified with blood according to the law, and without blood-shedding there is no forgiveness. 25 nor that He should offer Himself many times, just as the high priest enters into the holy [places] every year with the blood of another. 26 Otherwise it was necessary for Him to have suffered many times from the foundation of the world. But now He has been revealed once in the consummation of the ages for the putting away of sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 28 so also Christ, having been offered once in order to bear the sins of many, will appear for a second time, apart from sin, to those eagerly awaiting Him for salvation.

    Heb. 10:10–14 10 in which act of will, we are having been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 11 And indeed every priest has stood every day, serving and offering the same sacrifices many times, which never are able to take away sins. 12 But this One, having offered one sacrifice for sins unto perpetuity, sat down at the right hand of God, 13 [as to] the rest awaiting until His enemies should be placed [as] a footstool for His feet. 14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified.

  • 1 Cor. 11:24–26; Matt. 26:26–27; Luke 22:19–20.

    1 Cor. 11:24–26 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

    Matt. 26:26–27 26 Now [while] they are eating, Jesus, having taken bread and having blessed [it], broke [it], and having given [it] to the disciples, He said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you.

    Luke 22:19–20 19 And having taken the bread, having given thanks, He broke [it] and gave to them, saying, “This is My body, which is given for you⁺; do this in remembrance of Me,” 20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

  • Heb. 7:23–24, 27; Heb. 10:11–12, 14, 18.

    Heb. 7:23–24, 27 23 And indeed those having become priests are many, because of by death being prevented from continuing. 24 But because of His remaining to the age, He has the permanent priesthood, 27 who has no need every day, as the first high priests, to offer up sacrifices for [his] own sins, then for those of the people; for He did this once for all, having offered up Himself.

    Heb. 10:11–12, 14, 18 11 And indeed every priest has stood every day, serving and offering the same sacrifices many times, which never are able to take away sins. 12 But this One, having offered one sacrifice for sins unto perpetuity, sat down at the right hand of God, 14 For by one offering, He has perfected unto perpetuity those being sanctified. 18 Now where [there is] forgiveness of these, no longer [is there] an offering concerning sin.

  • Matt. 26:26–28; Mark 14:22–24; Luke 22:19–20; 1 Cor. 10:16–17; 1 Cor. 11:23–27.

    Matt. 26:26–28 26 Now [while] they are eating, Jesus, having taken bread and having blessed [it], broke [it], and having given [it] to the disciples, He said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

    Mark 14:22–24 22 And [in] their eating, having taken bread, having spoken a blessing, He broke [it] and gave to them and said, “Take; this is My body.” 23 And having taken the cup, having given thanks, He gave to them, and they all drank of it. 24 And He said to them, “This is My blood of the covenant, which is being poured out for many.

    Luke 22:19–20 19 And having taken the bread, having given thanks, He broke [it] and gave to them, saying, “This is My body, which is given for you⁺; do this in remembrance of Me,” 20 and the cup likewise, after the supping, saying, “This cup [is] the new covenant in My blood, which is being poured out for you⁺.

    1 Cor. 10:16–17 16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ? 17 Because [there is] one loaf, we the many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf.

    1 Cor. 11:23–27 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you⁺, that the Lord Jesus, in the night in which He was delivered up, took bread, 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord.

  • Acts 20:7; 1 Cor. 11:20.

    Acts 20:7 And on the first of the week, we having come together to break bread, Paul, about to depart on the next day, talked to them and continued the talk until midnight.

    1 Cor. 11:20 Therefore, [on] your⁺ coming together in the same [place], it is not to eat the Lord’s supper.

  • 1 Cor. 10:16.

    1 Cor. 10:16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ?

  • Matt. 26:27–28; Mark 14:23; 1 Cor. 11:25–29.

    Matt. 26:27–28 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

    Mark 14:23 And having taken the cup, having given thanks, He gave to them, and they all drank of it.

    1 Cor. 11:25–29 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.

  • Matt. 15:9.

    Matt. 15:9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

  • Matt. 26:26–28.

    Matt. 26:26–28 26 Now [while] they are eating, Jesus, having taken bread and having blessed [it], broke [it], and having given [it] to the disciples, He said, “Take, eat; this is My body.” 27 And having taken a cup and having given thanks, He gave [it] to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you. 28 For this is My blood of the covenant, being poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

  • 1 Cor. 11:26–28; Matt. 26:29.

    1 Cor. 11:26–28 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come. 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup.

    Matt. 26:29 And I say to you⁺ [that] I shall not drink of this fruit of the vine from now until that day when I drink it anew with you⁺ in the kingdom of My Father.”

  • Acts 3:21; 1 Cor. 11:24–26; Luke 24:6, 39.

    Acts 3:21 whom indeed it is necessary for heaven to receive until the times of restoration of all things, of which God spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from the age.

    1 Cor. 11:24–26 24 and having given thanks, He broke [it] and said, “This is My body, which [is] for you⁺; do this to the remembrance of Me.” 25 Likewise also the cup after having supped, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you⁺ may drink [it], to the remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you⁺ may eat this bread and may drink the cup, you⁺ proclaim the death of the Lord until He should come.

    Luke 24:6, 39 6 He is not here, but He is risen! Remember how He spoke to you⁺, being yet in Galilee, 39 See My hands and My feet, that I am He. Touch Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you⁺ see Me having.”

  • 1 Cor. 11:28.

    1 Cor. 11:28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup.

  • 1 Cor. 10:16. (See 1 Cor. 10:3–4.)

    1 Cor. 10:16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is [it] not a fellowship of the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is [it] not a fellowship of the body of Christ?

    1 Cor. 10:3–4 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink; for they were drinking from the spiritual rock accompanying [them], and the rock was Christ.

  • 1 Cor. 11:27–29; 2 Cor. 6:14–16; 1 Cor. 10:21.

    1 Cor. 11:27–29 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.

    2 Cor. 6:14–16 14 Do not become unequally yoked together with unbelievers. For what partnership [have] righteousness and lawlessness? Or what fellowship [has] light with darkness? 15 And what harmony [has] Christ with Beliar? Or what part to a believer [is] with an unbeliever? 16 And what agreement [has] the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God. As God has said: “I will dwell in them, and I will walk among [them], and I will be their God, and they will be My people.”

    1 Cor. 10:21 You⁺ are not able to drink a cup of the Lord and a cup of demons. You⁺ are not able to partake of the table of the Lord and of the table of demons.

  • 1 Cor. 5:6–7, 13; 2 Thess. 3:6, 14–15; Matt. 7:6.

    1 Cor. 5:6–7, 13 6 Your⁺ boasting [is] not good. Do you⁺ not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed, 13 But God judges those outside. “Expel the wicked one from among yourselves.”

    2 Thess. 3:6, 14–15 6 Now we command you⁺, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to withdraw yourselves from every brother walking in an unruly manner and not according to the tradition that you received from us. 14 And if anyone does not obey our word through the letter, take note of this one not to mix with him, so that he may be ashamed. 15 And do not deem [him] as an enemy, but admonish [him] as a brother.

    Matt. 7:6 Do not give what [is] holy to the dogs, nor cast your⁺ pearls before the pigs, lest they will trample them among their feet and, having turned, tear you⁺ to pieces.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 30: Of the Lord's Supper23 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16216 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 8011 shared proof texts · 4 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 16811 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 7511 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 17111 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 30: Of Church Censures

1. The Lord Jesus, as King and Head of his church, hath therein appointed a government, in the hand of church officers, distinct from the civil magistrate.

2. To these officers the keys of the kingdom of heaven are committed; by virtue whereof, they have power, respectively, to retain, and remit sins; to shut that kingdom against the impenitent, both by the Word, and censures; and to open it unto penitent sinners, by the ministry of the gospel; and by absolution from censures, as occasion shall require.

3. Church censures are necessary, for the reclaiming and gaining of offending brethren, for deterring of others from the like offenses, for purging out of that leaven which might infect the whole lump, for vindicating the honor of Christ, and the holy profession of the gospel, and for preventing the wrath of God, which might justly fall upon the church, if they should suffer his covenant, and the seals thereof, to be profaned by notorious and obstinate offenders.

4. For the better attaining of these ends, the officers of the church are to proceed by admonition; suspension from the sacrament of the Lord's Supper for a season; and by excommunication from the church; according to the nature of the crime, and demerit of the person.

Scripture proofs
  • Isa. 9:6–7; Col. 1:18; 1 Tim. 5:17; 1 Thess. 5:12; Acts 20:17, 28; Heb. 13:7, 17, 24; Eph. 4:11–12; 1 Cor. 12:28; Matt. 28:18–20; John 18:36.

    Isa. 9:6–7 6 For a child has been born unto us, a son has been given unto us, and the government will be upon his shoulder. And his name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 Of the increase of [His] government and peace [will be] no end, over the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and sustain it with justice and with righteousness from now and even to forever. The zeal of YHWH of Hosts will accomplish this.

    Col. 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, firstborn out from the dead, so that He might be having preeminence in all things,

    1 Tim. 5:17 Let the elders presiding well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those laboring in the word and the teaching.

    1 Thess. 5:12 But we ask you⁺, brothers, to know those toiling among you⁺ and presiding over you⁺ in the Lord and admonishing you⁺,

    Acts 20:17, 28 17 And from Miletus, having sent to Ephesus, he called for the elders of the church. 28 Take heed to yourselves and to all the flock among whom the Holy Spirit has set you⁺ as overseers, to shepherd the church of God, which He purchased with [His] own blood.

    Heb. 13:7, 17, 24 7 Remember those leading you⁺ who spoke the word of God to you⁺, of whom, considering the outcome of [their] conduct, imitate the faith. 17 Obey you⁺ those leading and be subject, for they watch over your⁺ souls as [those who] will give an account, so that they may do this with joy and not groaning, for this [is] unprofitable for you⁺. 24 Greet all those leading you⁺ and all the saints. Those from Italy greet you⁺.

    Eph. 4:11–12 11 And He gave some indeed [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] shepherds and teachers, 12 toward the perfecting of the saints for the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Christ,

    1 Cor. 12:28 And some indeed God placed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helping, administrating, various kinds of tongues.

    Matt. 28:18–20 18 And having come near, Jesus spoke to them, saying, “All authority in heaven and on the earth was given to Me. 19 Therefore, having gone, disciple all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all things, as much as I commanded you⁺. And behold, I am with you⁺ all the days, until the consummation of the age.”

    John 18:36 Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world; if My kingdom were of this world, My attendants would fight so that I would not be delivered up to the Jews. But now My kingdom is not from here.”

  • Matt. 16:19; Matt. 18:17–18; John 20:21–23; 2 Cor. 2:6–8.

    Matt. 16:19 I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of the heavens. And whatever you might bind on the earth will be bound in the heavens, and whatever you might loose on the earth will be loosed in the heavens.”

    Matt. 18:17–18 17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector. 18 Truly I say to you⁺, whatever you⁺ shall bind on the earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you⁺ shall loose on the earth will be loosed in heaven.

    John 20:21–23 21 Therefore Jesus said to them again, “Peace to you⁺. As the Father has sent Me forth, I also send you⁺.” 22 And having said this, He breathed on [them], and He says to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. 23 If you⁺ might forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you⁺ might retain any, they are retained.”

    2 Cor. 2:6–8 6 Sufficient to such a one [is] the punishment that [is] by the majority, 7 so that on the contrary, [it is] rather for you⁺ to forgive and to comfort [him], lest somehow such a one might be overwhelmed by more abundant grief. 8 Therefore I exhort you⁺ to confirm love toward him.

  • 1 Cor. 5:1–13; 1 Tim. 5:20; Matt. 7:6; 1 Tim. 1:20; 1 Cor. 11:27–34; Jude 23.

    1 Cor. 5:1–13 1 Sexual immorality is actually heard [of] among you⁺, and sexual immorality such as [is] not even among the nations, so as for one to have the wife of the father. 2 And you⁺ are puffed up! And did you not rather mourn, so that the one having done this work might be removed out of your⁺ midst? 3 For I indeed, being absent in body but being present in spirit, have already judged the one having thus carried this out, as being present, 4 in the name our Lord Jesus, [in] your⁺ having been gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of the Lord Jesus, 5 to deliver up such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. 6 Your⁺ boasting [is] not good. Do you⁺ not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Cleanse out the old leaven, so that you⁺ may be a new lump, as you⁺ are, unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed, 8 so that we may keep the feast, not with old leaven, not with leaven of malice and wickedness, but with unleavened [bread] of sincerity and of truth. 9 I wrote to you⁺ in the letter not to associate with sexually immoral [people], 10 not altogether with the sexually immoral of this world, or with the coveters and swindlers, or idolaters—since then you⁺ would need to go out from the world. 11 But now I wrote to you⁺ not to associate with anyone being named a brother if he may be sexually immoral or a coveter, or an idolater or a reviler, or a drunkard or a swindler—with such a one not even to eat. 12 For what [is it] to me to judge those outside? Do you⁺ not judge those inside? 13 But God judges those outside. “Expel the wicked one from among yourselves.”

    1 Tim. 5:20 But those sinning, rebuke before all, so that the rest may have fear also.

    Matt. 7:6 Do not give what [is] holy to the dogs, nor cast your⁺ pearls before the pigs, lest they will trample them among their feet and, having turned, tear you⁺ to pieces.

    1 Tim. 1:20 of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I handed over to Satan so that they should be disciplined not to blaspheme.

    1 Cor. 11:27–34 27 Therefore, whoever may eat the bread or may drink the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and thus let him eat of the bread, and let him drink of the cup. 29 For the one eating and drinking, not discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself. 30 Because of this, many [are] weak and sick among you⁺, and many are fallen asleep. 31 For if we were discerning of ourselves, we would not be being judged. 32 But being judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we should not be condemned with the world. 33 So then, my brothers, [in] coming together in order to eat, wait for one another. 34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that you⁺ may not come together for judgment; and I will prescribe the other things as soon as I shall come.

    Jude 23 on BibleHub ↗

  • 1 Thess. 5:12; 2 Thess. 3:6, 14–15; 1 Cor. 5:4–5, 13; Matt. 18:17; Titus 3:10.

    1 Thess. 5:12 But we ask you⁺, brothers, to know those toiling among you⁺ and presiding over you⁺ in the Lord and admonishing you⁺,

    2 Thess. 3:6, 14–15 6 Now we command you⁺, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to withdraw yourselves from every brother walking in an unruly manner and not according to the tradition that you received from us. 14 And if anyone does not obey our word through the letter, take note of this one not to mix with him, so that he may be ashamed. 15 And do not deem [him] as an enemy, but admonish [him] as a brother.

    1 Cor. 5:4–5, 13 4 in the name our Lord Jesus, [in] your⁺ having been gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of the Lord Jesus, 5 to deliver up such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. 13 But God judges those outside. “Expel the wicked one from among yourselves.”

    Matt. 18:17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector.

    Titus 3:10 Reject a divisive man after one and a second admonition,

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church21 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 8513 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 10812 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 17310 shared proof texts · shared topicSecond Helvetic Confession · Chapter 18: Of the Ministers of the Church, Their Institution and Offices7 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 457 shared proof texts · shared topic

Chapter 31: Of Synods and Councils

1. For the better government, and further edification of the church, there ought to be such assemblies as are commonly called synods or councils: and it belongeth to the overseers and other rulers of the particular churches, by virtue of their office, and the power which Christ hath given them for edification and not for destruction, to appoint such assemblies; and to convene together in them, as often as they shall judge it expedient for the good of the church.

2. It belongeth to synods and councils, ministerially to determine controversies of faith, and cases of conscience; to set down rules and directions for the better ordering of the public worship of God, and government of his church; to receive complaints in cases of maladministration, and authoritatively to determine the same: which decrees and determinations, if consonant to the Word of God, are to be received with reverence and submission; not only for their agreement with the Word, but also for the power whereby they are made, as being an ordinance of God appointed thereunto in his Word.

3. All synods or councils, since the apostles' times, whether general or particular, may err; and many have erred. Therefore they are not to be made the rule of faith, or practice; but to be used as a help in both.

4. Synods and councils are to handle, or conclude nothing, but that which is ecclesiastical: and are not to intermeddle with civil affairs which concern the commonwealth, unless by way of humble petition in cases extraordinary; or, by way of advice, for satisfaction of conscience, if they be thereunto required by the civil magistrate.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 15:2, 4, 6.

    Acts 15:2, 4, 6 2 There having been, then, no small commotion and discussion by Paul and Barnabas with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas and certain others out of them to go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders, about this question. 4 And having come to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders. And they declared all that God had done with them. 6 And the apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter.

  • Acts 15:1–35.

    Acts 15:1–35 1 But certain ones having come down from Judea were teaching the brothers, “Unless you⁺ are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you⁺ are not able to be saved.” 2 There having been, then, no small commotion and discussion by Paul and Barnabas with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas and certain others out of them to go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders, about this question. 3 Therefore indeed, having been sent forward by the church, they were passing through both Phoenicia and Samaria, relating in detail the conversion of the Gentiles, and they were bringing great joy to all the brothers. 4 And having come to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders. And they declared all that God had done with them. 5 Now certain ones of those who believed from the sect of the Pharisees rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command [them] to keep the law of Moses.” 6 And the apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter. 7 And much discussion having taken place, Peter having risen up, said to them, “Men, brothers, you⁺ know that from early days God chose among you⁺ [for] the Gentiles to hear by my mouth the word of the gospel, and to believe. 8 And the heart-knowing God testified to them, having given [them] the Holy Spirit, as also to us. 9 And He made no distinction between both us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. 10 Now, therefore, why are you⁺ testing God, putting upon the neck of the disciples a yoke that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? 11 But we believe to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner [as] they also.” 12 Now the whole multitude kept silent and were listening to Barnabas and Paul relating what signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles by them. 13 And after they were silent, James answered, saying, “Men, brothers, hear me. 14 Simeon related how God first visited to take out of the Gentiles a people for His name. 15 And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written: 16 ‘After these things I will return, and I will rebuild the tabernacle of David that has fallen, and its ruins I will rebuild, and I will set it upright, 17 so that the remnant of men may seek out the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom has been called My name—upon them, says the Lord, doing these things 18 known from the age.’ 19 Therefore I judge not to trouble those from the Gentiles turning to God, 20 but to write to them to abstain from the pollutions of idols, and [from] sexual immorality, and [from] that which is strangled, and from blood. 21 For Moses has ones proclaiming him in every city from generations of old, being read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.” 22 Then it seemed good to the apostles and to the elders, with the whole church, having chosen out of them to send men to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas and Silas, leading men among the brothers, 23 having written by their hand: The apostles and the elders, brothers, To those brothers among the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia: Greetings. 24 Inasmuch as we have heard that some went out from us, to whom we gave no instructions, [and that] they troubled you⁺ by words, upsetting your⁺ minds, 25 it seemed good to us, having come with one accord, having chosen men to send to you⁺ with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, 26 men having handed over their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 27 Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, and they are telling the same things by word. 28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you⁺ no further burden except these necessary things: 29 to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what is strangled, and from sexual immorality. Keeping yourselves from these, you⁺ will do well. Farewell. 30 Indeed, therefore, having been sent off, they went to Antioch, and having gathered the multitude, they delivered the letter. 31 And having read [it], they rejoiced at the encouragement. 32 Both Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, exhorted and strengthened the brothers by much talk. 33 And having continued a time, they were sent away in peace from the brothers to those having sent them. 34 Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still. (KJV) 35 But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the good news—with many others also—the word of the Lord.

  • Acts 15:1–35; Acts 20:17.

    Acts 15:1–35 1 But certain ones having come down from Judea were teaching the brothers, “Unless you⁺ are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you⁺ are not able to be saved.” 2 There having been, then, no small commotion and discussion by Paul and Barnabas with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas and certain others out of them to go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders, about this question. 3 Therefore indeed, having been sent forward by the church, they were passing through both Phoenicia and Samaria, relating in detail the conversion of the Gentiles, and they were bringing great joy to all the brothers. 4 And having come to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders. And they declared all that God had done with them. 5 Now certain ones of those who believed from the sect of the Pharisees rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command [them] to keep the law of Moses.” 6 And the apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter. 7 And much discussion having taken place, Peter having risen up, said to them, “Men, brothers, you⁺ know that from early days God chose among you⁺ [for] the Gentiles to hear by my mouth the word of the gospel, and to believe. 8 And the heart-knowing God testified to them, having given [them] the Holy Spirit, as also to us. 9 And He made no distinction between both us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. 10 Now, therefore, why are you⁺ testing God, putting upon the neck of the disciples a yoke that neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? 11 But we believe to be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner [as] they also.” 12 Now the whole multitude kept silent and were listening to Barnabas and Paul relating what signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles by them. 13 And after they were silent, James answered, saying, “Men, brothers, hear me. 14 Simeon related how God first visited to take out of the Gentiles a people for His name. 15 And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written: 16 ‘After these things I will return, and I will rebuild the tabernacle of David that has fallen, and its ruins I will rebuild, and I will set it upright, 17 so that the remnant of men may seek out the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom has been called My name—upon them, says the Lord, doing these things 18 known from the age.’ 19 Therefore I judge not to trouble those from the Gentiles turning to God, 20 but to write to them to abstain from the pollutions of idols, and [from] sexual immorality, and [from] that which is strangled, and from blood. 21 For Moses has ones proclaiming him in every city from generations of old, being read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.” 22 Then it seemed good to the apostles and to the elders, with the whole church, having chosen out of them to send men to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas and Silas, leading men among the brothers, 23 having written by their hand: The apostles and the elders, brothers, To those brothers among the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia: Greetings. 24 Inasmuch as we have heard that some went out from us, to whom we gave no instructions, [and that] they troubled you⁺ by words, upsetting your⁺ minds, 25 it seemed good to us, having come with one accord, having chosen men to send to you⁺ with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, 26 men having handed over their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 27 Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, and they are telling the same things by word. 28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you⁺ no further burden except these necessary things: 29 to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what is strangled, and from sexual immorality. Keeping yourselves from these, you⁺ will do well. Farewell. 30 Indeed, therefore, having been sent off, they went to Antioch, and having gathered the multitude, they delivered the letter. 31 And having read [it], they rejoiced at the encouragement. 32 Both Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, exhorted and strengthened the brothers by much talk. 33 And having continued a time, they were sent away in peace from the brothers to those having sent them. 34 Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still. (KJV) 35 But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the good news—with many others also—the word of the Lord.

    Acts 20:17 And from Miletus, having sent to Ephesus, he called for the elders of the church.

  • Acts 15:15, 19, 24, 27–31; Acts 16:4; Matt. 18:17–20.

    Acts 15:15, 19, 24, 27–31 15 And the words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written: 19 Therefore I judge not to trouble those from the Gentiles turning to God, 24 Inasmuch as we have heard that some went out from us, to whom we gave no instructions, [and that] they troubled you⁺ by words, upsetting your⁺ minds, 27 Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, and they are telling the same things by word. 28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you⁺ no further burden except these necessary things: 29 to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what is strangled, and from sexual immorality. Keeping yourselves from these, you⁺ will do well. Farewell. 30 Indeed, therefore, having been sent off, they went to Antioch, and having gathered the multitude, they delivered the letter. 31 And having read [it], they rejoiced at the encouragement.

    Acts 16:4 And while they were passing through the cities, they were delivering to them the decrees to keep—the ones decided on by the apostles and elders who [were] in Jerusalem.

    Matt. 18:17–20 17 And if he may fail to hear them, say [it] to the church. And if he may fail to hear even the church, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector. 18 Truly I say to you⁺, whatever you⁺ shall bind on the earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you⁺ shall loose on the earth will be loosed in heaven. 19 Again, truly I say to you⁺ that if two of you⁺ on the earth shall agree about any matter that they shall ask, it will be done for them by My Father who [is] in the heavens. 20 For where two or three are gathered together unto My name, there am I in their midst.”

  • Eph. 2:20; Acts 17:11; 1 Cor. 2:5; 2 Cor. 1:24; Cf. Isa. 8:19–20; Matt. 15:9.

    Eph. 2:20 having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the cornerstone,

    Acts 17:11 Now these, who were more noble than those in Thessalonica, received the word with all readiness, every day examining the Scriptures, if these things were so.

    1 Cor. 2:5 so that your⁺ faith may not be in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God.

    2 Cor. 1:24 Not that we lord it over your⁺ faith, but we are fellow workers with you⁺ of joy; for in the faith you⁺ stand firm.

    Isa. 8:19–20 19 And when they say to you⁺, “Seek after the spirits and after the spiritists who whisper and mutter—” a people should not seek after its gods, on behalf of the living unto the dead, 20 to the law and to the testimony?" If they do not speak this according to the word, [it is] because there is not in them dawn.

    Matt. 15:9 and in vain they worship Me, teaching [as] teachings the precepts of men.’”

  • Luke 12:13–14; John 18:36; Matt. 22:21.

    Luke 12:13–14 13 And one from the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide with me the inheritance.” 14 And He said to him, “Man, who appointed Me a judge or divider over you⁺?”

    John 18:36 Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world; if My kingdom were of this world, My attendants would fight so that I would not be delivered up to the Jews. But now My kingdom is not from here.”

    Matt. 22:21 They say to Him, “Caesar’s.” Then He says to them, “Therefore give back the things of Caesar to Caesar, and the things of God to God.”

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 26: Of the Church12 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 455 shared proof texts · shared topicHeidelberg Catechism · Question 854 shared proof texts · 2 shared topicsLondon Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 1: Of the Holy Scripture4 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 63 shared proof textsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 1082 shared proof texts · 2 shared topics

Chapter 32: Of the State of Men After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead

1. The bodies of men, after death, return to dust, and see corruption: but their souls, which neither die nor sleep, having an immortal subsistence, immediately return to God who gave them: the souls of the righteous, being then made perfect in holiness, are received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God, in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies. And the souls of the wicked are cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment of the great day. Beside these two places, for souls separated from their bodies, the Scripture acknowledgeth none.

2. At the last day, such as are found alive shall not die, but be changed: and all the dead shall be raised up, with the selfsame bodies, and none other (although with different qualities), which shall be united again to their souls forever.

3. The bodies of the unjust shall, by the power of Christ, be raised to dishonor: the bodies of the just, by his Spirit, unto honor; and be made conformable to his own glorious body.

Scripture proofs
  • Gen. 3:19; Acts 13:36.

    Gen. 3:19 By the sweat of your nose you shall eat bread, until your returning to the ground, for from it you were taken. For dust you [are], and to dust you shall return.”

    Acts 13:36 For indeed David, having served the purpose of God in his own generation, fell asleep and was added to his fathers, and he saw decay.

  • Luke 23:43; Eccl. 12:7.

    Luke 23:43 And He said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”

    Eccl. 12:7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

  • Heb. 12:23; 2 Cor. 5:1, 6, 8; Phil. 1:23; Acts 3:21; Eph. 4:10; Rom. 8:23.

    Heb. 12:23 and [to] the assembly, to the church of the firstborn having been enrolled in the heavens, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous having been perfected,

    2 Cor. 5:1, 6, 8 1 For we know that if our earthly house, the tent, should be torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 6 being confident, then, always, and knowing that being at home in the body we are away from the Lord. 8 Now we are confident and we are well pleased rather to be away, out of the body, and to be at home with the Lord.

    Phil. 1:23 But I am pressed by the two, having the desire to depart and to be with Christ, for [it is] very much better,

    Acts 3:21 whom indeed it is necessary for heaven to receive until the times of restoration of all things, of which God spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from the age.

    Eph. 4:10 The One having descended is also the same One having ascended far above all the heavens, so that He might fill all things.

    Rom. 8:23 And not only [so], but we ourselves, even having the firstfruit of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly awaiting adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.

  • Luke 16:23–24; Acts 1:25; Jude 6–7; 1 Peter 3:19.

    Luke 16:23–24 23 And in Hades, having lifted up his eyes, being in torment, he sees Abraham from afar and Lazarus in his bosom. 24 And having cried out, he said, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me and send Lazarus so that he might dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am suffering in this flame.’

    Acts 1:25 to take the place of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas turned aside to go to [his] own place.”

    1 Peter 3:19 in whom also, having gone, He preached to the spirits in prison

    Jude 6 on BibleHub ↗

    Jude 7 on BibleHub ↗

  • 1 Thess. 4:17; 1 Cor. 15:51–52.

    1 Thess. 4:17 Then we, the living remaining, will be caught up together with them in the clouds for the meeting of the Lord in the air; and so we will be always with the Lord.

    1 Cor. 15:51–52 51 Behold, I speak to you⁺ a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— 52 in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.

  • John 5:25–29; Acts 24:15; Job 19:26–27; Dan. 12:2; 1 Cor. 15:42–44.

    John 5:25–29 25 Truly, truly, I say to you⁺ that an hour is coming, and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those having heard will live. 26 For just as the Father has life in Himself, so also He gave to the Son to have life in Himself. 27 And He gave Him authority to do judgment, because He is the Son of Man. 28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming in which all those in the tombs will hear His voice, 29 and they will come out—those having done good to the resurrection of life, and those having practiced evil to the resurrection of judgment.

    Acts 24:15 having a hope in God, which they themselves also await, [that] there is about to be a resurrection both of righteous and of unrighteous.

    Job 19:26–27 26 And after they strike off my skin thus, yet in my flesh I will see God. 27 [He] whom I will see for myself, indeed my eyes will see, and not a stranger. My kidneys yearn in my bosom!

    Dan. 12:2 And many of those sleeping in the soil of the dust will awake—these to life everlasting, and these to shame [and] contempt everlasting.

    1 Cor. 15:42–44 42 So also [is] the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruptibility; 43 it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; 44 it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual.

  • Acts 24:15; John 5:25–29; 1 Cor. 15:43; Phil. 3:21.

    Acts 24:15 having a hope in God, which they themselves also await, [that] there is about to be a resurrection both of righteous and of unrighteous.

    John 5:25–29 25 Truly, truly, I say to you⁺ that an hour is coming, and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those having heard will live. 26 For just as the Father has life in Himself, so also He gave to the Son to have life in Himself. 27 And He gave Him authority to do judgment, because He is the Son of Man. 28 Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming in which all those in the tombs will hear His voice, 29 and they will come out—those having done good to the resurrection of life, and those having practiced evil to the resurrection of judgment.

    1 Cor. 15:43 it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;

    Phil. 3:21 who will transform our body of humiliation [to be] conformed to the body of His glory, according to the working of His powering, even to subject all things to Himself.

Parallel passages (6+)London Baptist Confession (1689) · Chapter 31: Of the State of Man After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead23 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8614 shared proof texts · 6 shared topicsWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 8713 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Shorter Catechism · Question 379 shared proof texts · 3 shared topicsHeidelberg Catechism · Question 576 shared proof texts · shared topicWestminster Larger Catechism · Question 904 shared proof texts · 4 shared topics

Chapter 33: Of the Last Judgment

1. God hath appointed a day, wherein he will judge the world, in righteousness, by Jesus Christ, to whom all power and judgment is given of the Father. In which day, not only the apostate angels shall be judged, but likewise all persons that have lived upon earth shall appear before the tribunal of Christ, to give an account of their thoughts, words, and deeds; and to receive according to what they have done in the body, whether good or evil.

2. The end of God's appointing this day is for the manifestation of the glory of his mercy, in the eternal salvation of the elect; and of his justice, in the damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked and disobedient. For then shall the righteous go into everlasting life, and receive that fullness of joy and refreshing, which shall come from the presence of the Lord: but the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.

3. As Christ would have us to be certainly persuaded that there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men from sin; and for the greater consolation of the godly in their adversity: so will he have that day unknown to men, that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come; and may be ever prepared to say, Come Lord Jesus, come quickly, Amen.

Scripture proofs
  • Acts 17:31.

    Acts 17:31 because He set a day in which He is about to judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He appointed, having provided a guarantee to all, having raised Him out from the dead.”

  • John 5:22, 27.

    John 5:22, 27 22 For the Father judges no one, but He has given all judgment to the Son, 27 And He gave Him authority to do judgment, because He is the Son of Man.

  • Jude 6; 2 Peter 2:4.

    2 Peter 2:4 For if God did not spare the angels having sinned, but having cast [them] down to Tartarus in chains of gloomy darkness, He delivered [them], being kept for judgment;

    Jude 6 on BibleHub ↗

  • 2 Cor. 5:10; Eccl. 12:14; Rom. 2:16; Rom. 14:10, 12; Matt. 12:36–37.

    2 Cor. 5:10 For it is necessary for us all to appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each may receive back the things [done] through the body according to what he did, whether good or evil.

    Eccl. 12:14 For God will bring every work into judgment, with every hidden thing, whether good or evil.

    Rom. 2:16 on the day when God judges the secrets of men according to my gospel through Christ Jesus.

    Rom. 14:10, 12 10 But why do you judge your brother? Or why also do you despise your brother? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God. 12 So then, each of us will give account concerning himself to God.

    Matt. 12:36–37 36 And I say to you⁺ that every careless word that men will speak, they will give an account concerning it in the day of judgment. 37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”

  • Matt. 25:31–46; Rom. 2:5–6; Rom. 9:22–23; Matt. 25:21; Acts 3:19; 2 Thess. 1:7–10; Mark 9:48.

    Matt. 25:31–46 31 And when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit upon the throne of His glory. 32 And all the nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate them from one another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 And indeed, He will set the sheep on His right hand and the goats on [His] left. 34 Then the King will say to those on His right hand, ‘Come, the blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you⁺ from the foundation of the world. 35 For I hungered, and you⁺ gave Me [something] to eat; I thirsted, and you⁺ gave Me [something] to drink; I was a stranger, and you⁺ took Me in; 36 [I was] naked, and you⁺ clothed Me; I was ailing, and you⁺ visited Me; I was in prison, and you⁺ came to Me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer Him, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungering, and fed [You]? Or thirsting, and gave [You] to drink? 38 And when did we see You a stranger, and took [You] in? Or naked, and clothed [You]? 39 And when did we see You ailing or in prison, and came to You?’ 40 And answering, the King will say to them, ‘Truly I say to you⁺, inasmuch as you⁺ did [it] to one of the least of these brothers of Mine, you⁺ did [it] to Me.’ 41 Then also He will say to those on [His] left, ‘Depart from Me, the cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I hungered, and you⁺ did not give to Me to eat; and I thirsted, and you⁺ did not give Me to drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you⁺ did not take Me in; naked, and you⁺ did not clothe Me; ailing and in prison, and you⁺ did not visit Me.’ 44 Then they also will answer, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or ailing, or in prison, and we did not minister to You?’ 45 Then He will answer them, saying, ‘Truly I say to you⁺, inasmuch as you⁺ did not do [it] to one of the least of these, you⁺ did not do [it] to Me.’ 46 And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

    Rom. 2:5–6 5 But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart, you are storing up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, 6 who “will repay to each according to his works,”

    Rom. 9:22–23 22 And [what] if God, desiring to display the wrath and to make known His power, bore with much patience vessels of wrath, having been fitted for destruction, 23 so that He might also make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory,

    Matt. 25:21 His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You were faithful over a few things; I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’

    Acts 3:19 Repent, therefore, and turn back, for the blotting out of your⁺ sins,

    2 Thess. 1:7–10 7 and to you⁺ being oppressed, relief with us at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with the angels of His power 8 in a fire of flame, giving vengeance on those not knowing God and on those not obeying the gospel of our Lord Jesus, 9 who will pay the penalty of eternal destruction away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power, 10 when He shall come to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at among all those having believed—because our testimony to you⁺ was believed—in that day.

    Mark 9:48 where ‘their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.’

  • 2 Peter 3:11, 14; 2 Cor. 5:10–11; 2 Thess. 1:5–7; Luke 21:27–28; Rom. 8:23–25.

    2 Peter 3:11, 14 11 All these things being dissolved in this way, what kind is it necessary for you⁺ to be? [It is] in holy conduct and godliness, 14 Therefore, beloved, anticipating these things, be diligent, without spot and without blemish, to be found by Him in peace.

    2 Cor. 5:10–11 10 For it is necessary for us all to appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each may receive back the things [done] through the body according to what he did, whether good or evil. 11 Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuade men. And we have been made manifest to God, and I hope to have been made manifest in your⁺ consciences also.

    2 Thess. 1:5–7 5 a plain token of the righteous judgment of God, for you⁺ to be counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which also you⁺ suffer. 6 For indeed [it is] righteous with God to repay those oppressing you⁺ with tribulation, 7 and to you⁺ being oppressed, relief with us at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with the angels of His power

    Luke 21:27–28 27 And then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. 28 And these things beginning to come to pass, look up and lift up your⁺ heads, because your⁺ redemption draws near.”

    Rom. 8:23–25 23 And not only [so], but we ourselves, even having the firstfruit of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, eagerly awaiting adoption as sons, the redemption of our body. 24 For in hope we were saved, but hope being seen is not hope. For does anyone hope for what he sees? 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, we eagerly await in perseverance.

  • Matt. 24:36, 42–44; Mark 13:35–37; Luke 12:35–36; Rev. 22:20.

    Matt. 24:36, 42–44 36 But concerning that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of the heavens, nor the Son, except the Father only. 42 Therefore watch, because you⁺ do not know on what day your⁺ Lord comes. 43 But know this, that if the master of the house had known in which watch the thief comes, he would have watched and would not have allowed his house to be broken into. 44 Because of this also, you⁺ be ready, because in the hour that you⁺ do not think, the Son of Man comes.

    Mark 13:35–37 35 Therefore watch, for you⁺ do not know when the master of the house comes—either at evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or morning— 36 lest, having come suddenly, he should find you⁺ sleeping. 37 And what I say to you⁺, I say to all: Watch!”

    Luke 12:35–36 35 Let your⁺ loins be girded around and the lamps burning, 36 and you⁺ [be] like men waiting for their master when he shall return from the wedding feasts, that, having come and having knocked, immediately they might open to him.

    Rev. 22:20 The One testifying these things says, “Yes, I am coming quickly.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

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